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was a
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was a feudal domain
A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept or ...
under the Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
of Edo period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...
Japan. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003). It was based at Maruoka Castle
is a ''hirayama''-style Japanese castle located in the Maruoka neighbourhood of the city of Sakai, Fukui Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. It also called due to the legend that whenever an enemy approaches the castle, a thick mist app ...
in eastern Echizen Province
was a province of Japan in the area that is today the northern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Echizen bordered on Kaga, Wakasa, Hida, and Ōmi Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form ...
in what is now the Maruoka neighbourhood of modern-day Sakai, Fukui
file:Maruoka Castle 20100529-01.jpg, Maruoka Castle
is a Cities of Japan, city located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 92,210 in 31,509 households and the population density of 550 persons per km². The tot ...
. It was ruled during its history by the Honda clan
The is a Japanese family that claims descent from the medieval court noble Fujiwara no Kanemichi. The family settled in Mikawa and served the Matsudaira clan as retainers. Later, when the main Matsudaira family became the Tokugawa clan, the Hon ...
, and subsequently by the Arima clan
The is a Japanese samurai family. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80">"Arima," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', pp. 2-3 DF__...
.
_History
In_the_Sengoku_period.html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80/nowiki>">DF ...History
In the Sengoku period">DF 6-7 of 80/nowiki>">DF ...History
In the Sengoku period, the area around Maruoka was controlled by Shibata Katsutoyo, the adopted son of Shibata Katsuie, one of Oda Nobunaga's leading generals. After Shibata Katsutoyo died of illness during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, the area was given to theAoyama clan
The was a Japanese kin group. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 6 of 80">"Aoyama," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 2 DF_6_of_80">"Ao_...
._However,_the_Aoyama_sided_with_the_Western_Army_under_Ishida_Mitsunari.html" ;"title="DF 6 of 80/nowiki>">DF 6 of 80">"Ao .... However, the Aoyama sided with the Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari">DF 6 of 80/nowiki>">DF 6 of 80">"Ao ...
. However, the Aoyama sided with the Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari during the Battle of Sekigahara and were thus dispossessed by the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ieyasu awarded Echizen Province to his son, Yūki Hideyasu, who in turn created a 26,000 ''koku'' subsidiary holding centered at Maruoka for his retainer, Imamura Moritsugu. In 1612, due to an ''
O-Ie Sōdō O-Ie Sōdō (, "house strife") were noble family disputes within the samurai and aristocratic classes of Japan, particularly during the early Edo period (17th century). The most famous is the ''Date Sōdō'', which broke out among the Date family in ...
'' within Fukui Domain, the Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
raised Maruoka to 40,000 ''koku'' and reassigned it to Honda Narishige
(1571 – July 25, 1647) was a Japanese samurai of the late Sengoku period through early Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan; he later became a ''daimyō''. Narishige was born at Hamamatsu Castle, the son of Tokugawa retainer Honda Shig ...
, the son of Honda Shigetsugu
(1529 – August 9, 1596), also known as , was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period through Azuchi-Momoyama Period, who served the Tokugawa clan. He served as one of Ieyasu's "three magistrates".
Biography
He was known as Hachizo, Sakujur ...
, one of Ieyasu's leading generals. This marked the start of Maruoka Domain. Due to Honda Narishige's efforts at the Siege of Osaka
The was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (winter campaign and summer campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege ...
in 1624, its ''kokudaka
refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...
'' was raised to 46,300 ''koku'' and he was made completely independent of Fukui Domain. His son and grandson completed Maruoka Castle and the surrounding ''jōkamachi
The term refers to a type of urban structures in Japan in which the city surrounds a feudal lord's castle. These cities did not necessarily form around castles after the Edo period; some are known as Jin'yamachi, cities that have evolved around J ...
''. However, his great-grandson, Honda Shigemasu
is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a product ...
was an alcoholic and incompetent, and was dispossessed by the shōgunate in 1695.
The Honda were replaced by Arima Kiyosumi
Arima, officially The Royal Chartered Borough of Arima is the easternmost and second largest in area of the three boroughs of Trinidad and Tobago. It is geographically adjacent to Sangre Grande and Arouca, Trinidad and Tobago, Arouca at the s ...
, a descendant of the ''Kirishitan
The Japanese term , from Portuguese ''cristão'' (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries.
M ...
'' ''daimyō
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...
'' Arima Harunobu
was a Japanese samurai lord who was the daimyo of Shimabara Domain and the head of the Hizen-Arima clan''.''_In_his_early_years,_he_was_a_retainer_of_Ryūzōji_clan.html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80/nowiki>">DF ...''.'' In his early years, he was a ...
, who was transferred from Itoigawa Domain
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Itoigawa Jin'ya, located in what is now part of the city of Itoigawa in Niigata Prefecture.
History
It ...
. HIs son, Arima Kazunori managed to get the clan's status changed from that of ''tozama daimyō
was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan.Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa Shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' w ...
'' to ''fudai daimyō
was a class of ''daimyō'' (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. ''Fudai daimyō'' and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa admini ...
'' in 1711. The 5th Arima ''daimyō'', Arima Shigezumi
was a Han (Japan), feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.Edmond Papinot, Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003). It was based at Maruoka Castle in ...
served as a ''wakadoshiyori
The ', or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in the Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867). The position was established around 1633, but appointments were irregular until 1662. The four to six ''wakadoshiyori'' we ...
'' and the 8th (and final) Arima ''daimyō'', Arima Michizumi rose to the post of ''rōjū
The , usually translated as '' Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''sh ...
''. The Arima clan continued to rule Maruoka until the abolition of the han system
The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...
in July 1871.
Holdings at the end of the Edo period
Like most domains in thehan system
( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) s ...
, Maruoka consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''kokudaka
refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...
'', based on periodic cadastral
A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref>
Often it is represented graphically in a cad ...
surveys and projected agricultural yields,Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*
Echizen Province
was a province of Japan in the area that is today the northern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Echizen bordered on Kaga, Wakasa, Hida, and Ōmi Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form ...
**91 villages in Sakai District
**2 villages in Nanjō District
List of ''daimyō''
Arima Kiyosumi
was anEdo period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...
''daimyō''. He was the eldest son of Arima Yasuzumi, the 2nd ''daimyō'' of Nobeoka Domain
is a city located in the north of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 119,521 and a population density of 138 persons per km². The total area is .
History
The city was officially founded on F ...
. His wife was a daughter of Okabe Yukitaka of Kishiwada Domain
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Izumi Province in what is now the southern portion of modern-day Osaka Prefecture. It was centered around Kishiwada Castle and was controlled by the '' fudai dai ...
. In 1679, on the retirement of his father, he became ''daimyō'' of Nobeoka. In 1690, his domain suffered from a large-scale peasant uprising which he had difficulty in suppressing, and in 1692 he was demoted to Itoigawa Domain
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Itoigawa Jin'ya, located in what is now part of the city of Itoigawa in Niigata Prefecture.
History
It ...
in Echigo Province
was an old province in north-central Japan, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. It bordered on Uzen, Iwashiro, Kōzuke, Shinano, and Etchū Provinces. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Echigo''" in . It corresponds today to Niigata ...
, which had an equal ''kokudaka
refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...
'' of 50,000 ''koku'' but was not classed as a “castle-holding” domain. In 1695 he was transferred to Maruoka, again with the same 50,000 ''kokudaka'', which restored his status as castellan. He died in 1702.
Arima Kazunori
was the 2nd ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was born in Maruoka Castle as the eldest son of Arima Kiyosumi and became ''daimyō'' in 1703 on the death of his father. His childhood name was Daikichi (大吉), and his name as ''daimyō'' was initially Arima Masazumi (真純), which he later changed to Sumihisa (純寿) and then to Hisazumi (寿純). He only took the name of Kazunori after this retirement. His courtesy title was ''Saemon-no-suke'', and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the adopted daughter of Akimoto Takatomo ofKawagoe Domain
Kawagoe Castle daimyō residence, administrative headquarters of Kawagoe Domain
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Musashi Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Kawagoe Castle, locate ...
. In 1711, he managed to change the status of the Arima clan from that of '' tozama'' to ''fudai daimyō
was a class of ''daimyō'' (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. ''Fudai daimyō'' and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa admini ...
''. However, during his tenure the domain suffered greatly from crop failures in 1706, 1721and 1723, which led to a large-scale peasant's revolt in 1724. His efforts to reform the domain's finances through issue of silver certificates and increasing loans had only mixed results. In 1733, he retired in favour of his son. He died in 1757.
Arima Takazumi
was the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was born in Maruoka Castle as the eldest son of Arima Kazunori and became ''daimyō'' in 1733 on the retirement of his father. His courtesy title was ''Hyūga-no-kami'', and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the adopted daughter of Inaba Masatomo ofYodo Domain
The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, and the only domain located in Yamashiro Province. Its castle was located within modern-day Fushimi, Kyoto.
The strategic location of the castle figured in the 1582 Battle of Yamazaki.
During the 1 ...
. He continued his father's economic recovery policies, which were greatly assisted by the opening of a copper mine in his domain in 1735. He died a few months before his father at Maruoka Castle.
Arima Masazumi
was the 4th ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was born at the clan'sEdo
Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo.
Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...
residence as the eighth son of Arima Takazumi, and was made heir as all of his elder brothers had been born to concubines. He became ''daimyō'' in 1757 on the death of his father. His courtesy title was ''Saemon-no-suke'', and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the granddaughter of Matsudara Sadasato of Imabari Domain
270px, Matsudaira Sadanori
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Imabari Castle in what is now the city of Imabari, Ehime ...
. He attempted to implement land reforms in his domain, but died in 1772 at the age of 26.
Arima Shigezumi
was the 5th ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was eldest son of Arima Masazumi, and became ''daimyō'' in 1772 on the death of his father. His courtesy title was ''Saemon-no-suke'', and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the daughter of Inaba Masahiro ofYodo Domain
The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, and the only domain located in Yamashiro Province. Its castle was located within modern-day Fushimi, Kyoto.
The strategic location of the castle figured in the 1582 Battle of Yamazaki.
During the 1 ...
. He was received in formal audience by Shōgun Tokugawa Ieharu
Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治) (June 20, 1737 – September 17, 1786) was the tenth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1760 to 1786.
His childhood name was Takechiyo (竹千代).
Ieharu died in 1786 and given t ...
in 1782. In 1778, he domain suffered from a widespread peasant's revolt, to which he responded by implementing land reform and tax reform measures begun by his father. In 1791 he was appointed a ''sōshaban
were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Conventional interpretations have construed this Japanese title as "master of ceremonies"
Created in 1632, this '' bakufu'' title identified an official selected from the ranks of the ...
'' and 1810 he was appointed ''jisha-bugyō
was a "commissioner" or an "overseer" of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were always ''fudai daimyōs'', the lowest-ranking of the shogunate offices to be so restricted.Beasley, William G. (1955) ...
''. He rose to the post of ''wakadoshiyori
The ', or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in the Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867). The position was established around 1633, but appointments were irregular until 1662. The four to six ''wakadoshiyori'' we ...
'' in 1812. He established a han school
The was an educational institution in the Edo period of Japan, originally established to educate children of ''daimyō'' (feudal lords) and their retainers in the domains outside of the capital. These institutions were also known as ''hangaku' ...
within the domain in 1804. He resigned as ''wakadoshiyori'' in 1819, citing ill health, but continued as ''daimyō'' until 1830. he died in 1836.
Arima Norizumi
was the 6th ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was fourth son of Yanagihara Masaatsu ofTakada Domain
, was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was located in Echigo Province, in the Hokuriku region of Honshū. The domain was centered at Takada Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Jōetsu in Niig ...
, and was adopted as heir to Arima Shigezumi in 1820 and was received in formal audience by Shogun Tokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Ienari ( ja, 徳川 家斉, November 18, 1773 – March 22, 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern J ...
the same year. He became ''daimyō'' in 1830 on the retirement of his stepfather. His courtesy title was ''Saemon-no-suke'', and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the fourth daughter of Arima Shigezumi. He died in 1837.
Arima Harusumi
was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was a grandson of Arima Shigezumi, and was adopted as heir to Arima Norizumi in 1836, becoming ''daimyō'' a year later on Norizumi's death. He was received in formal audience by ShōgunTokugawa Ieyoshi
was the 12th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan',' p. 21./ref>
Biography
Ieyoshi was born as the second son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari and named Toshijirō (敏 ...
in 1841. His courtesy title was ''Hyūga-no-kami'', and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the daughter of Arima Norizumi. He was ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate to construct the Maruyama Domain Battery against possible incursions by foreign vessels in 1852. In died in 1855 at the age of 27.
Arima Michizumi
was the 8th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Maruoka Domain. He was the third son of Honda Tadachika ofYamasaki Domain
250px, Honda Tadaaki, final daimyō of Yamasaki
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southwestern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around ...
. His grandfather, Honda Tadayoshi was the younger son of Arima Takazumi and had been adopted in the Honda clan
The is a Japanese family that claims descent from the medieval court noble Fujiwara no Kanemichi. The family settled in Mikawa and served the Matsudaira clan as retainers. Later, when the main Matsudaira family became the Tokugawa clan, the Hon ...
. As Arima Harusumi only had daughters, he was adopted as heir and became ''daimyō'' in 1855. In 1862 he was appointed ''jisha-bugyō
was a "commissioner" or an "overseer" of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were always ''fudai daimyōs'', the lowest-ranking of the shogunate offices to be so restricted.Beasley, William G. (1955) ...
'' and became a ''wakadoshiyori
The ', or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in the Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867). The position was established around 1633, but appointments were irregular until 1662. The four to six ''wakadoshiyori'' we ...
'' in 1863 and rose to the office of ''rōjū
The , usually translated as '' Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''sh ...
'' the same year. In 1868, he pledged fealty to the new Meiji government
The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.
Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji o ...
and served as Imperial Governor of Maruyama until the abolition of the han system
The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...
in 1871. He became a viscount
A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status.
In many countries a viscount, and its historical equivalents, was a non-hereditary, administrative or judicial ...
(''shishaku'') in the ''kazoku
The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution.
Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ' ...
'' peerage system. He died in 1903 and his grave is at Yanaka Cemetery
is a large cemetery located north of Ueno in Yanaka 7-chome, Taito, Tokyo, Japan. The Yanaka sector of Taito is one of the few Tokyo neighborhoods in which the old Shitamachi atmosphere can still be felt. The cemetery is famous for its beautifu ...
.
References
*External links
"Maruoka" at Edo 300
{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871 History of Fukui Prefecture Echizen Province Honda clan Arima clan