Martin Lucianovich Shakkum (russian: Мартин Люцианович Шаккум; born 21 September 1951) is a Russian politician, economist and psychologist. He was a member of the
State Duma
The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house ...
between 1999 and 2021.
Shakkum was a candidate in the
1996 Russian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Russia on 16 June 1996, with a second round being held on 3 July. It resulted in a victory for the incumbent President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, who ran as an independent politician. Yeltsin defeated Communist ...
.
Biography
Early life
Shakkum was born on 21 September 1951 in
Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast
Krasnogorsk (russian: Красного́рск, ) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnogorsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Moskva River, adjacent to the northwestern boundary of Moscow. Population:
History
A ...
,
Russian SFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
,
USSR
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
. His father was an ethnic
Latvian, his mother - Russian. Studied at school No.7 of Krasnogorsk. Graduated from Kaliningrad Higher Military Engineering College, then All-Union Correspondence Civil Engineering Institute. For three years he worked as an employee of the laboratory of the
Space Research Institute in Moscow.
[Biography from Official Website]
/ref>
From 1978 to 1991 he worked as a service–engineer, chief engineer, deputy chief and then chief of special works of the Main Department for Construction in the Moscow Oblast.
From 1991 to 1999 Shakkum was CEO, Vice President and then President of the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms ("Reforma" Fund). This Fund was created by Martin Shakkum together with academicians-economists Stanislav Shatalin Stanislav and variants may refer to:
People
* Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.)
Places
* Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine
* Stanislaus County, C ...
, Leonid Abalkin, political scientist Andranik Migranyan and other prominent scientists and public figures.
Presidential campaign
Shakkum ran for President as independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independ ...
candidate in the 1996 Russian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Russia on 16 June 1996, with a second round being held on 3 July. It resulted in a victory for the incumbent President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, who ran as an independent politician. Yeltsin defeated Communist ...
.
An associate of radical economist Shatalin, Shakkum was on the right wing of the Russian political spectrum.[The 1996 Russian presidential election / Jerry F. Hough, Evelyn Davidheiser, Susan Goodrich Lehmann. Brookings occasional papers.] While he presented an authoritarian personality, he held moderate positions on many social issues.[Obshchaya Gazetta 5/18/95]
To protect the rights and liberties of citizens against government corruption and abuses of power, Shakkum proposed forming a chain of executive power, excluding the possibility of concentration of various forms of power in the hands of individual central and regional elites. Specifically, he proposed forming 19 federal administrative districts across Russia, creating a system of separate federal executive bodies.[«Общая газета», 30 мая 1996 г.]
He also proposed requiring all civil servants of federal and regional government bodies and deputies of elective bodies to publish their income reports and documentation of all property belonging to them and their immediate relatives, including adult children, both in Russia and abroad.[
To address the nation's economic woes, Shakkum proposed, "establishing a reliable system of control over cash flows and strengthening the country's banking system by reorganizing it and creating special investment banks."][
At the same time, however, Shakkum supported the existence natural resource monopolies, such as ]Gazprom
PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐzˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. As of 2019, with sales over $120 billion, it was ranked as the larges ...
, and warned against attempts to split them into smaller entities.[
Shakkum's original registration had been rejected by the Central Election Commission on account of lacking a sufficient number of signatures.] However, Shakkum successfully managed to appeal through the Supreme Court
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
.
In April 1996, he created the Socialist People's Party and became its leader.
Shakkum received 277,068 votes in the first round (0.4% of the overall vote).
Subsequent career
In 1998, Shakkum survived an assassination attempt. On 8 September, around 9 PM, near his house, his car was shot from the machine gun. Shakkum has not suffered, the employee of Fund "Reform" Valery Basok, who was with him in the car, received a slight injury. Commenting on the attack, Shakkum stated that he could not link the incident to his personal and public life.Очередь Мартина Шаккума еще не достала
/ref>
In December 1999, Shakkum was elected to the State Duma
The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house ...
for the Istra single-member constituency. He was supported by the electoral bloc Fatherland — All Russia. In the election, Martin Shakkum was ahead of three incumbent State Duma deputies in his constituency, and showed one of the highest results in the elections for single-member constituencies in terms of the percentage of votes. In 2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
, 2007
File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister of Pakistan, Pr ...
, 2011
File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
and 2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
he was re-elected to the State Duma.
Shakkum was a member of the Presidium of the General Council of United Russia
United Russia ( rus, Единая Россия, Yedinaya Rossiya, (j)ɪˈdʲinəjə rɐˈsʲijə) is a Conservatism in Russia, Russian conservative List of political parties in Russia, political party. As the largest party in Russia, it hold ...
in 2004-2005, and in 2006 became a member of the Supreme Council of party. In publications and speeches in 2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
and 2004
2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO).
Events January
* January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 6 ...
, Shakkum has actively supported Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
in his presidential campaigns.
At a meeting between a United Russia faction activist and Vladimir Putin in July 2006, Shakkum publicly invited him to join the party and lead it. He told Putin that he wants to see his national leader, than caused applause in a hall. The newspaper '' Moskovskij Komsomolets'' called Shakkum's performance "a real hit".
Shakkum has scientific degrees of Candidate of Sciences by Psychology and Doctor of Sciences
Doctor of Sciences ( rus, доктор наук, p=ˈdoktər nɐˈuk, abbreviated д-р наук or д. н.; uk, доктор наук; bg, доктор на науките; be, доктар навук) is a higher doctoral degree in the Russi ...
by Economy.
Honours
* Order of Friendship (2003)[
*]Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" (russian: Орден «За заслуги перед Отечеством», ''Orden "Za zaslugi pered Otechestvom"'') is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was instituted on 2 March 1994 by P ...
4th class (2006)
*Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" (russian: Орден «За заслуги перед Отечеством», ''Orden "Za zaslugi pered Otechestvom"'') is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was instituted on 2 March 1994 by P ...
3rd class (2012)
References
External links
Official website
Profile on the State Duma website
Profile on the United Russia website
Profile on the United Russia parliamentary group website
Profile on Facebook
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shakkum, Martin
1951 births
Living people
People from Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast
United Russia politicians
Economists from Moscow
Shakkum
Third convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Fourth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Fifth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Sixth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Seventh convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)