Martin Krause (29 June 1851, Wilknit,

East Prussia East Prussia ; german: Ostpreißen, label=Low Prussian; pl, Prusy Wschodnie; lt, Rytų Prūsija was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 187 ...

– 2 March 1920,

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...

) was a German mathematician, specializing in analysis.

Biography

Martin Krause, the son of a landowner, studied from 1870 to 1874 at the

University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg (german: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussi ...

, where he was taught by

Friedrich Julius Richelot Friedrich Julius Richelot (6 November 1808 – 31 March 1875) was a German mathematician, born in Königsberg. He was a student of Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi. He was promoted in 1831 at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Königsberg wit ...

and

Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann (11 September 1798 – 23 May 1895) was a German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician. Biography Neumann was born in Joachimsthal, Margraviate of Brandenburg, near Berlin. In 1815 he interrupted his studies at Berlin to ...

, and also in Heidelberg and Berlin. In 1873 Krause received his doctorate from

Heidelberg University } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...

. His doctoral thesis ''Zur Transformation der Modulargleichungen der elliptischen Functionen'' (On the transformation of the modular equations of the elliptic functions) was supervised by

Leo Königsberger Leo Königsberger (15 October 1837 – 15 December 1921) was a German mathematician, and historian of science. He is best known for his three-volume biography of Hermann von Helmholtz, which remains the standard reference on the subject. In 20 ...

. In 1875 Krause habilitated at Heidelberg University with thesis ''Über die Discriminante der Modulargleichungen der elliptischen Functionen''. From 1876 to 1878 he was a ''

Privatdozent ''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualific ...

'' at the

University of Breslau A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, th ...

. From 1878 to 1888 he was a professor ordinarius at the

University of Rostock The University of Rostock (german: link=no, Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continen ...

. In 1888 he became the successor to Axel Harnack as professor at

TU Dresden TU Dresden (for german: Technische Universität Dresden, abbreviated as TUD and often wrongly translated as "Dresden University of Technology") is a public research university, the largest institute of higher education in the city of Dresden, th ...

in 1888. He founded the Mathematical Association there in 1903 and was awarded in 1912 the right to award TU Dresden doctorates. From 1894 to 1896 and again from 1919 to 1920 he was rector there. His son was the law professor

Herbert Kraus Herbert Kraus (2 January 1884 – 15 March 1965) was a German professor of public international law. He was the first director of the Institute of International Law at the University of Göttingen. Due to his criticism of Nazism he was forced to re ...

. Krause did research on

elliptic function In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are a special kind of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Originally those in ...

s. In 1909 he was president of the

German Mathematical Society The German Mathematical Society (german: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung, DMV) is the main professional society of German mathematicians and represents German mathematics within the European Mathematical Society (EMS) and the International Mathe ...

. He was a member of the

Saxon Academy of Sciences The Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig (german: Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig) is an institute which was founded in 1846 under the name ''Royal Saxon Society for the Sciences'' (german: Königlich Sächsische G ...

. Upon his death in 1920 he was buried in Dresden's ''Johannisfriedhof''.Technische Universität Dresden (ed.): ''Grabstätten von Professoren der alma mater dresdensis auf Friedhöfen in Dresden und Umgebung'' (Graves of professors of alma mater dresdensis in cemeteries in Dresden and Surroundings). 2nd edition. Lausitzer Druck- und Verlagshaus, 2003, p. 17.

Selected publications

Articles

Books

''Die Transformation der hyperelliptischen Funktionen erster Ordnung''
Teubner, Leipzig 1886.
''Theorie der doppeltperiodischen Funktionen einer veränderlichen Größe''
2 vols. Teubner, Leipzig 1895/1897.

Teubner, Leipzig 1912, with contribution by Emil Naetsch (1969–1946).

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krause, Martin 1851 births 1920 deaths 19th-century German mathematicians 20th-century German mathematicians University of Königsberg alumni Heidelberg University alumni Academic staff of TU Dresden