Martin Karl Hellinger (17 July 1904 – 13 August 1988) was a German Nazi dentist who in 1943 was assigned to work at the concentration camp for women at Ravensbrück, with the duty of removing dental gold from those killed at the camp. At the first Ravensbrück trial, beginning in 1946, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison. He was released in 1954 and given funds by the West German government to re-establish a dental practice. Details of his later life are unknown.

Early life

Martin Hellinger was born in Pirna on 17 July 1904.

Career

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1985-0417-15, Ravensbrück, Konzentrationslager

Hellinger joined the Schutzstaffel (SS) in 1933. He served at Sachsenhausen in 1941 and Flossenbürg concentration camp between 1941 and 1942. From spring of 1943 to 1944, he was at Ravensbrück when he was promoted to Hauptsturmführer. Orders to gather irreparable gold teeth from living people and extract the gold from the mouths of corpses were given by the SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, on 23 September 1940. Just short of two years later, the collection of gold became enforced and systematic, as a consequence of the organisation of the Final Solution. Should the victim's family have requested the gold, the Reich's security service advised a reply as follows:

..... died in this camp, the corpse has been cremated on the....., which makes it impossible for us to send you back the dental gold.

Hellinger was assigned to Ravensbrück, the camp for women, in 1943. He was one of four camp dentists along with

Walter Sonntag Walter Sonntag (13 May 1907 – 17 September 1948) was a Nazi medical doctor who performed experiments on concentration camp victims. He extracted their healthy teeth without the use of anaesthetic and his preferred method of killing was by injecti ...

. The chief camp doctor was Karl Gebhardt. Dental provision at the camp was almost non-existent. Hellinger paid minimal attention to dental treatment and greater consideration of his role as an executive SS officer performing general duties alongside the other camp office members. His foremost duty was to remove and collect silver and gold teeth and fillings and tooth bridges to send on to Walther Funk, the President of the Reichsbank. After a medical officer had confirmed death and before any unauthorised removals could occur, Hellinger searched the mouths of the dead for gold. He was present at the executions of three British

SOE SOE may refer to: Organizations * State-owned enterprise * Special Operations Executive, a British World War II clandestine sabotage and resistance organisation ** Special Operations Executive in the Netherlands, or Englandspiel * Society of Opera ...

agents:

Lilian Rolfe Lilian Vera Rolfe, (26 April 1914 – 5 February 1945) was an Allied secret agent in the Second World War. Early life Rolfe and her twin sister Helen Fedora Rolfe were the daughters of George Rolfe, a British chartered accountant working in Pa ...

, Denise Bloch and Violette Szabo.

The Ravensbrück trial

The first Ravensbrück trial opened on 3 December 1946, six days before the Nazi doctors' trial in Nuremberg was opened by the United States. Sixteen members of the staff at Ravensbrück were tried by a mixed inter-allied court in the

British zone Germany was already de facto military occupation, occupied by the Allies of World War II, Allies from the real German Instrument of Surrender, fall of Nazi Germany in World War II on 8 May 1945 to the establishment of the East Germany on 7 Octo ...

between 5 December 1946 and 3 February 1947. All were found guilty, except one who died during the trial. Eleven were sentenced to death. On arrival at the camp, Hellinger checked victims' teeth for gold that he could retrieve later. In a pre-trial statement, Hellinger acknowledged that his duty was to remove gold teeth from dead bodies. This, he did either by himself or delegated to one of the prisoner assistants. In addition, he would extract gold teeth from "just-executed prisoners", having waited for them in the crematorium prior to the mass cremations. He claimed he believed that the dead were legally executed."Saved Gold Teeth of Nazi Victims"
''Maryborough Chronicle'', 25 January 1946, p. 1. On 3 February 1947, a British military tribunal in Hamburg sentenced him to 15 years in prison. He was not of the opinion that he neglected his professional duties.

Later life

The Federal Republic of Germany was founded in 1949, resulting in relaxed restrictions on the German courts. Further removal of restrictions occurred with the "Treaty of Transferral" between Germany and the United States, the UK and France on 5 May 1955. Hellinger was released from the British prison for war criminals in

Werl Werl (; Westphalian: ''Wiärl'') is a town located in the district of Soest in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Werl is easily accessible because it is located between the Sauerland, Münsterland, and the Ruhr Area. The Hellweg r ...

on 20 May 1954 and re-established his dental practice with a special grant of 10,000 DM by the West German government as compensation for the time he spent in prison. He practiced for many years after, and died in 1988. Six photographs of Hellinger are in the British National Archives.

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hellinger, Martin 1904 births 1988 deaths People from Pirna People convicted in the Hamburg Ravensbrück trials SS dentists SS-Hauptsturmführer Waffen-SS personnel 20th-century German people