Duke of Faial ( pt, Duque do Faial) was a Portuguese title of nobility, named for

Faial Island Faial Island (), also known in English as Fayal, is a Portugal, Portuguese island of the Central Group (Portuguese: ''Grupo Central'') of the Azores. The Capelinhos Volcano, the westernmost point of the island, may be considered the westernmost ...

in the

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

, which was granted by royal decree of Queen

Maria II of Portugal , image = Queen Maria II by John Simpson.jpg , caption = Portrait by John Simpson, 1835 , succession = Queen of Portugal , reign = , predecessor = Pedro IV , successor = Miguel I , reg-type = Regents , regent ...

, dated from 4 April 1833, to

Pedro de Sousa Holstein D. Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Faial and Palmela (8 May 1781–12 October 1850) was one of the most important Portuguese diplomats and statesmen in the first half of the 19th century. He also served as the country's first modern Prime M ...

, a 19th century politician who served as Portugal's first prime-minister. Two months later, on 16 June, Sousa Holstein successfully petitioned the Queen to change the title from Duke of Faial to

Duke of Palmela The Duke of Palmela (in Portuguese ''Duque de Palmela'') is a Portuguese title granted by royal decree of Queen Maria II of Portugal, dated from October 18, 1850, to ''Dom'' Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela, Pedro de Sousa Holstein (17 ...

, which he used for the rest of his life. On 1 December 1834, less than a year from the abolition of the Faial ducal title for Palmela, Queen Maria II created the title of Marquis of Faial, to be used as a

substantive title A substantive title is a title of nobility or royalty acquired either by individual grant or inheritance. It is to be distinguished from a title shared among cadets, borne as a courtesy title by a peer's relatives, or acquired through marriage. ...

to the heirs of the Dukes of Palmela. Since 1834, the heir of the Duke of Palmela is always referred to as the Marquis of Faial.

Background

When the Queen granted to ''Dom''

the title of Duke of Faial, he was already 1st Count of Palmela (royal decree of 1812) and 1st

Marquis of Palmela The Duke of Palmela (in Portuguese ''Duque de Palmela'') is a Portuguese title granted by royal decree of Queen Maria II of Portugal, dated from October 18, 1850, to ''Dom'' Pedro de Sousa Holstein (1781-1850), a Portuguese politician during the f ...

(royal decree of 1823). Due to his services to the Crown and Country, he obtained the ranking of

Duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ran ...

, as Duke of Faial. Later a royal decree of the Queen, dated from October 18, 1850, changed his original title to

Chalet Faial

Chalet Faial is an estate in

Cascais Cascais () is a town and municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The municipality has a total of 214,158 inhabitants in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourism in Portugal, tourist de ...

, on the

Portuguese Riviera The Portuguese Riviera (Portuguese: '' Riviera Portuguesa'') is a term used in the tourist industry for the affluent coastal region to the west of Lisbon, Portugal, centered on the coastal municipalities of Cascais (including Estoril), Oeiras ...

, located nearby to

Palmela Palace The ''Palmela Palace'' ('' pt, Palácio Palmela''), also known as the ''Conceição Velha'', was a summer residence in Cascais, Lisbon District, Portugal built for the Duke of Palmela, Duke and Maria Luísa de Sousa Holstein, 3rd Duchess of Palmel ...

(summer estate of the Duke of Palmela). A notable example of

Summer architecture Summer architecture ('' pt, arquitetura de veraneio'') was a Portuguese architectural movement originating in the Portuguese Riviera, in late 19th and early 20th century, when the region became a popular resort destination for the Portuguese Roy ...

, Chalet Faial was built nearby to Palmela Palace to serve as the summer estate of the Marquis of Faial, the heir to the Duke of Palmela.

Duke of Faial

(1781–1850), Duke of Faial (title changed to

in 1850).

Marquis of Faial

#D. Domingos António Maria Pedro de Sousa e Holstein, 1st Marquis of Faial (later 2nd Duke of Palmela) #D. Maria Luísa de Sousa Holstein, 2nd Marquis of Faial (later 3rd Duke of Palmela) #D. Helena Maria Domingas de Sousa Holstein, 3rd Marquis of Faial (later 5th Duke of Palmela) #D. António Maria da Assunção José Francisco de Paula Vicente João Gabriel Deodato de Sousa e Holstein Beck, 4th Marquis of Faial #D. Luís Maria da Assunção de Sousa e Holstein Beck, 5th Marquis of Faial (later 6th Duke of Palmela) #D. Pedro Domingos de Sousa e Holstein Beck, 6th Marquis of Faial (later 7th Duke of Palmela)

External links

Genealogy of the Duke of Faial

Bibliography