Duke of Argyll ( gd, Diùc Earraghàidheil) is a title created in the

peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( gd, Moraireachd na h-Alba, sco, Peerage o Scotland) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, ...

in 1701 and in the

peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five Peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union 1800, Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the ...

in 1892. The earls, marquesses, and dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful noble families in Scotland. As such, they played a major role in Scottish history throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The Duke of Argyll also holds the hereditary titles of

chief Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boa ...

of Clan Campbell and

Master of the Household of Scotland The office of Master of the Household is one of the Great Offices of the Royal Household of Scotland. It was held by various Earls of Argyll from the reign of James IV onwards. It was confirmed as a hereditary office to the 9th Earl by Crown ch ...

. Since 2001, Torquhil Campbell has been Duke of Argyll and is the thirteenth man to hold the title.

History

Sir Colin Campbell of Lochow was knighted in 1280. In 1445

James II of Scotland James II (16 October 1430 – 3 August 1460) was King of Scots from 1437 until his death in 1460. The eldest surviving son of James I of Scotland, he succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of six, following the assassination of his father. ...

raised Sir Colin's descendant Sir Duncan Campbell to the peerage to become Duncan Campbell of Lochow, Lord of Argyll, Knight, 1st Lord Campbell. Colin Campbell (c. 1433–1493) succeeded his grandfather as the 2nd Lord Campbell in 1453 and was created Earl of Argyll in 1457. Inveraray Castle

The 8th Earl of Argyll was created a marquess in 1641, when Charles I visited Scotland and attempted to quell the rising political crisis (and the fall-out from the event known as The Incident). With Oliver Cromwell's victory in England, the marquess became the effective ruler of Scotland. Upon the restoration, the marquess offered his services to King Charles II but was charged with treason and executed in 1661. His lands and titles were forfeited but in 1663, they were restored to his son, Archibald, who became the 9th Earl of Argyll. In 1685 the 9th Earl was executed for his part in the

Monmouth rebellion The Monmouth Rebellion, also known as the Pitchfork Rebellion, the Revolt of the West or the West Country rebellion, was an attempt to depose James II, who in February 1685 succeeded his brother Charles II as king of England, Scotland and Ir ...

. On 21 June 1701 the 9th Earl's son was created ''Duke of Argyll, Marquess of Kintyre and Lorne, Earl of Campbell and Cowal, Viscount of Lochow and Glenyla, Lord Inveraray, Mull, Morvern, and Tiree'' for his services to William of Orange. His son, the 2nd Duke, was created Baron Chatham and Earl of Greenwich in 1705 as a reward for his support for the Act of Union and further elevated to the title Duke of Greenwich in 1719. Upon his death his Scottish titles passed to his brother and the English titles became extinct. The 5th Duke sat as a member of parliament for Glasgow Burghs until his father's accession to the Dukedom in 1761 disqualified him from representing a Scottish seat. He then became the member for

Dover Dover () is a town and major ferry port in Kent, South East England. It faces France across the Strait of Dover, the narrowest part of the English Channel at from Cap Gris Nez in France. It lies south-east of Canterbury and east of Maidstone ...

until 1766, when he was created Baron Sundridge and obtained the right to sit in the House of Lords. On 17 April 1892, the 8th Duke was created Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Thus, the Duke is one of only five people to hold two or more different dukedoms, the others being the

Duke of Cornwall Duke of Cornwall is a title in the Peerage of England, traditionally held by the eldest son of the reigning British monarch, previously the English monarch. The duchy of Cornwall was the first duchy created in England and was established by a ro ...

and Rothesay, the

Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry Duke of Buccleuch (pronounced ), formerly also spelt Duke of Buccleugh, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created twice on 20 April 1663, first for James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and second suo jure for his wife Anne Scott, 4th Count ...

, the

Duke of Hamilton and Brandon Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in April 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that peerage (except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the Sovereign's eldest son), and as such its holder is the premier peer of Sco ...

, and the Duke of Richmond, Lennox, and Gordon. During the 19th century, a distant Prussian descendant of the family, Jenny von Westphalen, became the wife of the philosopher Karl Marx. In a famous story, when exiled to Paris and reduced to poverty, Marx was nearly arrested for attempting to pawn a part of Jenny's dowry: a silver dinner service bearing the crest of the House of Argyll. Of the incident Marx wrote to Engels, possibly in an attempt to solicit another loan from his wealthy friend: "My wife cried all night". However, the silver was eventually sold to pay off long-standing debts incurred by the '' Neue Rheinische Zeitung''. In the late 19th century the then current Duke of Argyll visited America. While there, he stayed at the American Hotel situated in the main square of the village of

Babylon ''Bābili(m)'' * sux, 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 * arc, 𐡁𐡁𐡋 ''Bāḇel'' * syc, ܒܒܠ ''Bāḇel'' * grc-gre, Βαβυλών ''Babylṓn'' * he, בָּבֶל ''Bāvel'' * peo, 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢 ''Bābiru'' * elx, 𒀸𒁀𒉿𒇷 ''Babi ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

. The townspeople took a liking to the duke, and festivals and parades took place while he visited there. Just before the turn of the century (1900) the township of Babylon renamed the Bythbourne Lake/Park to Argyle Lake/Park (Argyll evolved to the currently accepted Argyle) in memory of the duke's visit.

Family seats and abodes

The family seat is Inveraray Castle beside Loch Fyne, Inveraray, Argyll. The estate, 75,000 acres, is a mixture of commercial forestry, residential property, sources of renewable energy, and a caravan park. The principal burial place of the Dukes and Duchesses is

St Munn's Parish Church, Kilmun Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum in Kilmun, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, consists of St Munn's Church (a Category-A-listed building but no longer a parish church of the Church of Scotland), as well as the adjacent mausoleum of the Dukes ...

. The

11th 11 (eleven) is the natural number following 10 and preceding 12. It is the first repdigit. In English, it is the smallest positive integer whose name has three syllables. Name "Eleven" derives from the Old English ', which is first attested i ...

and the

12th 12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13. Twelve is a superior highly composite number, divisible by 2, 3, 4, and 6. It is the number of years required for an orbital period of Jupiter. It is central to many systems ...

Dukes chose to be buried on the island of

Inishail Inishail (alternate Inchald) is an island and former parish,Wilson, Rev. John ''The Gazetteer of Scotland'' (Edinburgh, 1882) Published by W. & A.K. Johnstone in Loch Awe, Scotland. Geography The island lies at the north end of the loch in the co ...

Loch Awe Loch Awe (Scottish Gaelic: ''Loch Obha'') is a large body of freshwater in Argyll and Bute, Scottish Highlands. It has also given its name to a village on its banks, variously known as Loch Awe or Lochawe. There are islands within the loch such ...

. In 1706 John Campbell, second Duke of Argyll, became the inhabitant of a house on the east side of King Street, St James (Soho end), Westminster, London which stood on a site occupied by the western end of Little Argyll Street which in 1735 or 1736 he vacated for redevelopment.'Argyll Street Area', in Survey of London: Volumes 31 and 32, St James Westminster, Part 2, ed. F H W Sheppard (London, 1963), pp. 284–307. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols31-2/pt2/pp284-307 ccessed 24 September 2017 A succession of Argyll Houses followed in the same block of streets In 1808 the 6th Duke sold the latter-day House to the 4th Earl of Aberdeen. In and before 1764 the family had a house near to London at Ham which was then in the county of Surrey, a parish historically associated with Richmond, and a nearby second holding, see map above left.

Subsidiary titles

The Duke holds several

subsidiary title A subsidiary title is a title of authority or title of honour that is held by a royal or noble person but which is not regularly used to identify that person, due to the concurrent holding of a greater title. United Kingdom An example in the Unit ...

s, including: ''Marquess of Kintyre and Lorne'' (created 1701), ''Earl of Argyll'' (created 1457), ''Earl Campbell and Cowall'' and ''Viscount Lochow and Glenyla'' (created 1701), ''Lord Campbell'' (created 1445), ''

Lord Lorne Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are ...

'' (created 1470), ''Lord Kintyre'' (created 1626), ''Lord Inveraray, Mull, Mover and Tiry'' (created 1701), ''

Baron Hamilton of Hameldon Baron Hamilton of Hameldon, of Hambledon in the County of Leicester, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain, held by the Duke of Hamilton from 1790 to 1799 and by the Duke of Argyll since 1799. It was created in 1776 for Elizabeth Gunni ...

'' (created 1776) and ''Baron Sundridge'' (created 1766). They are in the

Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( gd, Moraireachd na h-Alba, sco, Peerage o Scotland) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, ...

, except the last two, which are in the

Peerage of Great Britain The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800. It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland, but was itself r ...

. The Duke is also a ''Baronet of Lundie'' (created 1627) in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. The

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

for the Duke's eldest son and heir is ''Marquess of Lorne'', shortened from ''Marquess of Kintyre and Lorne''.

Hereditary offices

* Hereditary Master of the Royal Household in Scotland * Hereditary High Justiciar of Argyll *

Admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...

of the Western Coasts and Isles *

Hereditary Keeper Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic informa ...

of the Royal Castles of: Carrick, Dunoon, Dunstaffnage, Tarbert * Hereditary High Sheriff of Argyllshire *Member Queen's Body Guard for Scotland The Duke of Argyll is also the chief of the Scottish clan of Campbell and in this capacity is known as "MacCailein Mòr", which is Gaelic, for "The Great MacColin" referring to Cailean Mór (Colin the Great) of Lochawe (Colin of Lochow) who was killed in fighting with Alexander, Lord of Lorne in 1296. Since

James IV James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 until his death at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. He inherited the throne at the age of fifteen on the death of his father, James III, at the Battle of Sauchi ...

's reign, the Duke has also held the position of

Coat of arms

The heraldic blazon for the coat of arms of the dukedom is: ''Quarterly: 1st and 4th gyronny of eight or and sable (for Campbell); 2nd and 3rd argent, a lymphad, sails furled and oars in action sable, flags and pennants flying gules (for Lorne)''. File:Coat of arms of the duke of Argyll.png, Armorial achievement Image:Arms of Campbell, Duke of Argyll.svg, Heraldic shield

List of title holders

Lords Campbell (1445)

Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell (Classical Gaelic ''Donnchadh mac Cailein'', and also called Donnchadh na-Adh ( en, Duncan the fortunate) of Loch Awe, (died 1453), was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was an important figure in Scottish ...

(d. 1453) **Archibald Campbell, Master of Campbell (d. c. 1431–1440) (eldest son of the 1st Lord, died before his father was created a Lord of Parliament) * Colin Campbell, 2nd Lord Campbell (c. 1433–1493) (created Earl of Argyll in 1457)

Earls of Argyll (1457)

* Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll (c. 1433–1493) (only son of the Master) * Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll (d. 1513) (eldest son of the 1st Earl) * Colin Campbell, 3rd Earl of Argyll (c. 1486–1529) (eldest son of the 2nd Earl) * Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll (c. 1507–1558) (only son of the 3rd Earl) * Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll (c. 1537–1573) (elder son of the 4th Earl, died without issue) * Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll (c. 1541/1546–1584) (younger son of the 4th Earl) * Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll (c. 1576–1638) (elder son of the 6th Earl) * Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl of Argyll (1607–1661) (created Marquess of Argyll in 1641)

Marquesses of Argyll (1641)

Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll, Chief of Clan Campbell (March 160727 May 1661) was a Scottish nobleman, politician, and peer. The ''de facto'' head of Scotland's government during most of the conflict of the 1640s and ...

(1607–1661) (elder son of the 7th Earl, was tried for high treason,

attainted In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditary ...

and all his honours forfeit in 1661)

Earls of Argyll (1457; restored 1663)

Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll (26 February 1629 – 30 June 1685) was a Scottish peer and soldier. The hereditary chief of Clan Campbell, and a prominent figure in Scottish politics, he was a Royalist supporter during the latter stage ...

(c. 1629–1685) (elder son of the 1st Marquess, was restored in 1663 to his father's honours, excepting his Marquessate. He was later tried for high treason and all his honours forfeit in 1681) * Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl of Argyll (1658–1703) (Elder son of the 9th Earl, restored to his father's honours in 1685, created Duke of Argyll in 1701)

Dukes of Argyll (1701)

* Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll (1658–1703) (eldest son of the 9th Earl, was restored to his father's honours in 1685) *

John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll Field Marshal John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, 1st Duke of Greenwich, (10 October 1680 – 4 October 1743), styled Lord Lorne from 1680 to 1703, was a Scottish nobleman and senior commander in the British Army. He served on the contine ...

, 1st Duke of Greenwich (1680–1743) (eldest son of the 1st Duke, died without male issue) * Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll (1682–1761) (second and youngest son of the 1st Duke, died without legitimate issue) * John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll (1693–1770) (eldest son of John Campbell, second son of the 9th Earl and younger brother of the 1st Duke) * John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll (1723–1806) (elder/est son of the 4th Duke) **George John Campbell, Earl of Campbell (1763–1764) (eldest son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy) *

George William Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll George William Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll, (22 September 1768 – 22 October 1839), styled Earl of Campbell from 1768 to 1770 and Marquess of Lorne from 1770 to 1806, was a Scottish Whig politician and nobleman. Background Argyll was the e ...

(1768–1839) (second son of the 5th Duke, died without issue) * John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll (1777–1847) (third and youngest son of the 5th Duke) **John Henry Campbell (1821–1837) (eldest son of the 7th Duke, died young) * George John Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (1823–1900) (second and younger son of the 7th Duke, created Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892) * John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (S) and 2nd Duke of Argyll (UK) (1845–1914) (eldest son of the 8th Duke, married The Princess Louise, daughter of Queen Victoria, but died without issue) * Niall Diarmid Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll (S) and 3rd Duke of Argyll (UK) (1872–1949) (only son of Lord Archibald Campbell, second son of the 8th Duke, died unmarried) * Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll (S) and 4th Duke of Argyll (UK) (1903–1973) (grandson of Lord Walter Campbell, third son of the 8th Duke) * Ian Campbell, 12th Duke of Argyll (S) and 5th Duke of Argyll (UK) (1937–2001) (eldest son of the 11th Duke) * Torquhil Ian Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll (S) and 6th Duke of Argyll (UK) (b. 1968) (only son of the 12th Duke) The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, Archibald Frederick Campbell, Marquess of Lorne (b. 2004).

Lords Kintyre (1626)

*James Campbell, 1st Earl of Irvine, 1st Lord Kintyre (1626–1645) * Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 2nd Lord Kintyre (1607–1661) ''For further succession see above''

Campbell baronets, of Lundie (1627)

*Colin Campbell, 1st Baronet (b. 1599) (only son of the younger son of the 6th Earl) *Colin Campbell, 2nd Baronet (d. 1696) (only son of the 1st Baronet, died without issue) * Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll (1658–1703) ''For further succession see above''

Family tree

Current line of succession

Ian Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll (1903-1973) ** Coronet of a British Duke

Ian Campbell, 12th Duke of Argyll (1937-2001) *** Coronet of a British Duke

Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll Torquhil Ian Campbell, 13th and 6th Duke of Argyll (born 29 May 1968), styled as Earl of Campbell before 1973 and as Marquess of Lorne between 1973 and 2001, is a Scottish peer. The family's main seat is Inveraray Castle, although the Duke and ...

(b. 1968) **** (1) Archibald Friedrich Campbell, Marquess of Lorne (b. 2004), known as Archie Lorne **** (2) Lord Rory James Campbell (b. 2006) ** (3) Lord Colin Ivar Campbell (b. 1946)

References

External links

Clan Campbell Society (North America)Duke of Argyll (archived) 1st Hamrun Scout Group — Duke of Argyll's Own
*

Literary references

The 2nd duke features prominently in novel The Heart of Midlothian by Sir Walter Scott {{DEFAULTSORT:Argyll Dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland 1701 establishments in Scotland 1892 establishments in the United Kingdom Noble titles created in 1701 Noble titles created in 1892 People associated with Argyll and Bute Dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom British landowners