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Marine Mammal Regulations (MMR) is a set of rules that govern the taking (fishing, hunting) and treatment of
marine mammal Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their reli ...
s in
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. The regulations are part of the Fisheries Act. The Marine Mammal Regulations s are divided into nine "parts": *Part I - General *Part II -
Cetacean Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel them ...
s *Part III -
Walrus The walrus (''Odobenus rosmarus'') is a large pinniped, flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. The walrus is the only living species in ...
*Part IV -
Seal Seal may refer to any of the following: Common uses * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, or "true seal" ** Fur seal * Seal (emblem), a device to impr ...
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History

The "Seal Protection Regulations" were established under the Fisheries Act by the Government of Canada in the mid-1960s. The regulations were combined with other Canadian marine mammals regulations in 1993, into the "Marine Mammal Regulations". A proposed amendment in 2012 would have required boats to stay at least 50 meters away from belugas in Churchill and Seal River, 400 meters away from threatened or endangered cetaceans (including belugas) in parts of the St. Lawrence, 200 meters from cetaceans in other parts of the St. Lawrence, 100 meters away from cetaceans in other Canadian waters, and 100–300 meters from walruses, though Canada did not expect to add spending for enforcement. The proposal was still pending in 2015, supported by some environmental groups for western orcas, and opposed by tour operators for Churchill and Seal River belugas, because of different situations in the two areas.


See also

* Ward v. Canada (Attorney General)


References

{{reflist


External links


Marine Mammal Regulations (SOR/93-56)
at
Department of Justice Canada The Department of Justice (french: Ministère de la Justice) is a department of the Government of Canada that represents the Canadian government in legal matters. The Department of Justice works to ensure that Canada's justice system is as fair, ...
*Site fo
comparison
of regulations over time, at Canadian Legal Information Institute
Fisheries Act (R.S., 1985, c. F-14)
at Department of Justice Canada Regulation in Canada