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Marilyn Ann Friedman (born April 7, 1945) is an American philosopher. She holds the
W. Alton Jones William Alton Jones (April 19, 1891 – March 1, 1962), was president of the oil and gas conglomerate Cities Service Company (now CITGO). He was an influential industrialist, philanthropist, and close personal friend of President of the United St ...
Chair of Philosophy at
Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided the school its initial $1-million ...
.


Education

In 1967, she received an A.B. in political science from
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis (WashU or WUSTL) is a private research university with its main campus in St. Louis County, and Clayton, Missouri. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington. Washington University is r ...
. In 1968, she moved to
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
for political reasons and resided there for a decade. By 1974 she received a Ph.D. in philosophy from the
University of Western Ontario The University of Western Ontario (UWO), also known as Western University or Western, is a Public university, public research university in London, Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on of land, surrounded by resident ...
in
London, Ontario London (pronounced ) is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city had a population of 422,324 according to the 2021 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximate ...
, Canada. In 1964, while Friedman was taking a year off from college, she was persuaded by what she refers to as "a kind of political ignorance and apathy" by political chaos.


Career

Friedman's full-time teaching career began in 1973 at
Denison University Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. The college was first called the Granville Literary and ...
, where she spent four years teaching . Since then she has also taught in the U.S. and Canada, ranging from small private liberal arts college to a large state university, such as University of Western Ontario,
Bowling Green State University Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is a public research university in Bowling Green, Ohio. The main academic and residential campus is south of Toledo, Ohio. The university has nationally recognized programs and research facilities in the ...
,
Purdue University Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money ...
, and Washington University in St. Louis. By the mid-1980s, autonomy had become her main academic focus. "Many feminists thought that the moral ideal of autonomy represented male but not female modes of moral reasoning," said Friedman. "Most people saw autonomy as a separation of self from loved ones—a kind of selfishness. I see it in terms of self-determination, and I didn't think it had to carry specifically masculine associations." Friedman considers the impact of familial and community relationships on autonomy and considers critical reflection as a way to diminish oppression. She has also explored such topics as: the nature of close interpersonal relationships, women in poverty, care and justice, partiality and impartiality,
autonomy In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ...
,
gender identity Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender. Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it. In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent, and consistent with the i ...
, and
multicultural education Multicultural education is a set of educational strategies developed to provide students with knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups. It draws on insights from multiple fields, including ethnic studies and wom ...
. Friedman gained tenure in 1993, twenty years after she first began teaching. In 2009 she joined the faculty at Vanderbilt University, working in social and political philosophy, ethics, and feminist theory.


Publications

Friedman's first book, ''What Are Friends For? Feminist Perspectives on Personal Relationships on Moral Theory'', discusses friendship, care ethics, partiality, and impartiality. Her 2003 book ''Autonomy, Gender, Politics'', defends the ideals of autonomy against various analyses and applies that model to issues like
domestic violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner ...
and multicultural political relationships.Tennant, Kristin. "Philosopher Explores Autonomy as Self Determination ." Washington University in St. Louis Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jul 2013

Friedman is also the editor of ''Women and Citizenship'', which contains essays by leading feminist scholars, and has co-edited ''Feminism and Community'', ''Mind and Morals: Essays on Ethics and Cognitive Science'', and ''Rights and Reason: Essays in Honor of Carl Wellman''. Her articles have appeared in anthologies, as well as the
Journal of Philosophy ''The Journal of Philosophy'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal on philosophy, founded in 1904 at Columbia University. Its stated purpose is "To publish philosophical articles of current interest and encourage the interchange of ideas, e ...
, Ethics, Hypatia, and others.


Awards and recognition

Throughout Friedman's career, she has earned several research fellowships and directed a woman's studies program. Her fields of special interest are female terrorists,
women's rights Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, ...
, and
cultural diversity Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural evolution. The term "cultural diversity" can also refer to having different cu ...
. Friedman's interests include a project on female terrorists, and she has covered topics such as whether virtue is required for happiness, how to engage in blaming people in a responsible manner, and how to understand abused women who are convicted of failing to protect their children from the same abusers who are abusing them.


Personal life

Friedman was raised in the city of
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
by parents who were poorly educated, working class Jewish immigrants. She is married to philosopher Larry May,Larry May (born 1952)
/ref> and has one daughter.


References


External links

*"W. Alton Jones Chair of Philosophy." Vanderbilt University Department of Philosophy. Vanderbilt University. Web. 25 Jul 2013

*"Professor Marilyn Friedman." Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics. N.p.. Web. 25 Jul 2013

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friedman, Marilyn 1945 births American philosophers Feminist philosophers Living people University of Western Ontario alumni Vanderbilt University faculty Jewish feminists American women philosophers Jewish women writers Jewish philosophers