Marie Louis Victor Galippe (29 May 1848 – February 1922,

Auteuil Auteuil may refer to: Places * Auteuil, Oise, a commune in France * Auteuil, Paris, a neighborhood of Paris ** Auteuil, Seine, the former commune which was on the outskirts of Paris * Auteuil, Quebec, a former city that is now a district within ...

) was a French

microbiologist A microbiologist (from Ancient Greek, Greek ) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of Microorganism, microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, f ...

and an eminent

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

. He conducted experiments on

microbiology Microbiology () is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, prot ...

in human life and also published notes on a variety of subjects including

dental hygiene Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene) and cleaning between the teeth. It is important that oral hygiene be carried out ...

. Born to a

pharmacist A pharmacist, also known as a chemist (Commonwealth English) or a druggist (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), is a healthcare professional who prepares, controls and distributes medicines and provides advice and instructi ...

in Grandvilliers, he studied at the Ecole Supérieure de Pharmacie and became a pharmacist before going on to study medicine. He demonstrated by experimenting on himself that

copper sulphate Copper sulfate may refer to: * Copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4, a common compound used as a fungicide and herbicide * Copper(I) sulfate Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu2 SO4. I ...

was not as toxic as thought. He later made studies on

bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classificat ...

and specialized in dental health. Victor_Galippe

Among his other studies, Galippe examined bacteria present in various parts of cultivated food plants and found them to be nearly always present. He tried growing vegetables with

sewage Sewage (or domestic sewage, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people. It is typically transported through a sewer system. Sewage consists of wastewater discharged from residenc ...

and then cut the plant parts above ground and tested them for bacteria by culturing them. Galippe discovered that the bacteria in the sewage entered all the plant tissues except for the

garlic Garlic (''Allium sativum'') is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus ''Allium''. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, Allium fistulosum, Welsh onion and Allium chinense, Chinese onion. It is native to South A ...

. Galippe also examined micro-organisms that were preserved in fossil bearing

amber Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

. Galippe recovered bacteria from

gallstone A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder from precipitated bile components. The term cholelithiasis may refer to the presence of gallstones or to any disease caused by gallstones, and choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of mi ...

s and hypothesized that they were produced by bacteria. This theory of bacterial causation of gallstones however has little support though viable bacteria have been found within stones even in later studies.

References

External links

Note sur la présence du cuivre dans les céréales, la farine, le pain et diverses autres substances alimentaires

Note sur la présence du cuivre dans l'extrait de quinquina

A propos de la stomatite dite aphteuse ; Sur la culture des microzymas de Béchamp
1848 births 1922 deaths French microbiologists {{France-med-bio-stub