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Marie Beatrice "Bea" Schol-Schwarz (12 July 1898 – 27 July 1969) was the
In memoriam of Dr Marie Beatrice Schol-Schwarz.
''Neth. J. Pl. Path.'' 76 (2): 52. Schwarz died on 27 July 1969, at the age of 71, in Baarn.
Marie Beatrice "Bea" Schol-Schwarz (12 July 1898 – 27 July 1969) was the Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
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* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
phytopathologist who discovered the causal fungus of Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...
. She first studied pathogens afflicting peanuts
''Peanuts'' is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz. The strip's original run extended from 1950 to 2000, continuing in reruns afterward. ''Peanuts'' is among the most popular and infl ...
and later the fungus '' Phialophora''.
Biography
Marie Beatrice Schwarz was born on 12 July 1898 inBatavia
Batavia may refer to:
Historical places
* Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands
* Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Jakarta, Indonesia).
She studied at the Utrecht University
Utrecht University (UU; nl, Universiteit Utrecht, formerly ''Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht'') is a public research university in Utrecht, Netherlands. Established , it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2018, it had an enrollme ...
in the Netherlands
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, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, where she was Johanna Westerdijk's first PhD student. During her studies in 1922, she discovered the causal fungus of Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...
. Schwarz spent most of her early professional life studying pathogens afflicting the groundnut ''Arachis hypogaea
The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and la ...
'' at the agricultural research station in Bogor.
The elm tree ''Ulmus'' × ''hollandica'' 'Bea Schwarz' was named for her in recognition of her research into the cause of Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...
.
Marrying in 1926, she retired from research to raise a family. When the East Indies were invaded by the Japanese army in 1942, Schwarz and her husband were interned in separate camps, her husband dying soon afterwards. After liberation, Schwarz and her two sons returned to the Netherlands, where she joined the Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures (Central Bureau for Fungus Cultures) in Baarn
Baarn () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, near Hilversum in the province of Utrecht.
The municipality of Baarn
The municipality of Baarn consists of the following towns: Baarn, Eembrugge, Lage Vuursche.
The town of Baarn
...
, studying various fungi and writing a monograph on the genus ''Epicoccum
''Epicoccum'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae
The Didymellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The have a world-wide distribution.
Recent phylogenetic examination of some of the larger genera of the ...
''.
After her second retirement, she continued to study the genus '' Phialophora'' despite her rapidly failing health. Shortly before her death in 1969, she was made an Officer in the Order of Orange Nassau
The Order of Orange-Nassau ( nl, Orde van Oranje-Nassau, links=no) is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands.
The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has ...
in recognition of her contribution to phytopathology Kerling, L. C. P. (1970In memoriam of Dr Marie Beatrice Schol-Schwarz.
''Neth. J. Pl. Path.'' 76 (2): 52. Schwarz died on 27 July 1969, at the age of 71, in Baarn.
Eponymy
Theelm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North ...
cultivar 'Bea Schwarz' was named for Dr. Schwarz.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schol-Schwarz, Marie Beatrice 1898 births 1969 deaths Dutch mycologists Dutch phytopathologists Dutch women scientists People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies Utrecht University alumni Women phytopathologists Women in forestry 20th-century women scientists 20th-century agronomists