Paul Cézanne - Madame Cézanne em Vermelho

Marie-Hortense Fiquet Cézanne (22 April 1850 – 1922) was a French artists' model. She is best known for her marriage to

Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a ...

and the 27 portraits, mostly in oil, he painted of her between 1869 and the late 1890s.

Life

She was born in Saligney, France on 22 April 1850. In 1869, she met Cézanne at an art school in Paris called

Académie Suisse The Académie Suisse was a very popular, informal, art school founded by Martin François Suisse (1781–1859)From Filae.com, 23 juin 2021 Source: Registres journaliers d'inhumation des cimetières parisiens Les documents d'origine sont consult ...

. This art school was used by a number of major artists as a place to meet each other and to paint the models who worked there. Fiquet's main job was as a bookseller or bookbinder, but she combined this with part-time work as a model. They started a relationship and when the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1871, they left Paris together for

L'Estaque L'Estaque is a village in southern France, just west of Marseille. Administratively, it belongs to the commune of Marseille. Overview Many artists of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist periods visited or resided there or in the surrounding ...

in the south of France. Afraid of offending his father, Louis-Auguste Cézanne, a well-to-do banker, and compromising his allowance, he went to great lengths to conceal his liaison with Fiquet. The existence of their child Paul, born in 1872, was kept from Louis-Auguste for some years.Lindsay Fiquet and Cézanne married on 28 April 1886, in the presence of the artist's parents, though by that time he had publicly said that he no longer had any feelings for her. Described by one scholar as "high-maintenance", Fiquet was to live separately from her husband for much of their married life.Laura Gascoigne
''Carpenter of Colour''

The Spectator ''The Spectator'' is a weekly British magazine on politics, culture, and current affairs. It was first published in July 1828, making it the oldest surviving weekly magazine in the world. It is owned by Frederick Barclay, who also owns ''The ...

, 8 July 2006 After the death of Louis-Auguste Cézanne that same year, Cézanne and his wife separated, the artist moving in with his sister and mother and declaring, "My wife only cares for Switzerland and lemonade". The psychological distance between husband and wife appears to be reflected in the portraits where she gives the impression of being self-absorbed. She eventually settled in Paris. Although he continued to paint his wife until the 1890s, he disinherited her. After her husband's death in 1906, their one child, Paul (1872–1947) inherited his father's entire estate. The settlement that Hortense received from her son was squandered through gambling.

In literature

Hortense may have provided inspiration for a character in ''

L'Œuvre ''L'Œuvre'' is the fourteenth novel in the '' Rougon-Macquart'' series by Émile Zola. It was first serialized in the periodical ''Gil Blas'' beginning in December 1885 before being published in novel form by Charpentier in 1886. The title, t ...

'', an

Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, also , ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of ...

novel which appeared in serial form the year before the Cézannes' marriage. Zola was a friend to Cézanne from their schooldays, although the novel caused some tension between them. In the novel, Christine, also a model, marries a painter. However the book is not biographical in the strict sense; while the fictional painter bears some relation to Cézanne, Christine poses nude, a far cry from Cézanne's chaste portraits of Fiquet, and more reminiscent of '' Le déjeuner sur l'herbe'' by

Édouard Manet Édouard Manet (, ; ; 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. Born ...

.This painting was posed by Manet's wife Suzanne.

Gallery

File:Madame Cézanne dans un fauteuil rouge, par Paul Cézanne.jpg, ''Madame Cézanne in a red armchair'', 1877.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works ...

File:Paul Cézanne - Madame Cézanne au jardin.jpg, ''Madame Cézanne in a Garden'', 1879-1880,

Musée de l'Orangerie The Musée de l'Orangerie ( en, Orangery Museum) is an art gallery of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings located in the west corner of the Tuileries Garden next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. The museum is most famous as the ...

File:Paul Cézanne 123.jpg, ''Portrait of Mme Cézanne'', c. 1885,

Berggruen Museum The Berggruen Museum (also known as the Berggruen Collection) is a collection of modern art classics in Berlin, which the collector and dealer Heinz Berggruen, in a "gesture of reconciliation", gave to his native city. The most notable artists ...

File:Paul Cézanne - Portrait of Madame Cézanne.jpg, ''Portrait of Madame Cézanne'', 1885,

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin Fr ...

File:Cézanne-MadameCézanne-Aix.jpg, ''Portrait of Marie-Hortense Fiquet,'' 1885–1887,

Musée Granet The Musée Granet is a museum in the quartier Mazarin, Aix-en-Provence, France devoted to painting, sculpture and archeology. In 2011, the museum received 177,598 visitors. History The museum, adjacent to the Church of Saint-Jean-de-Malte, first o ...

File:Paul Cézanne Madame Cézanne.JPG, ''Madame Cézanne,'' c. 1886,

Oil on canvas Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying oil as the binder. It has been the most common technique for artistic painting on wood panel or canvas for several centuries, spreading from Europe to the rest of ...

The Detroit Institute of Arts The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), located in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, has one of the largest and most significant art collections in the United States. With over 100 galleries, it covers with a major renovation and expansion project complete ...

File:Paul Cezanne Portrait de Madame Cezanne.jpg, ''Portrait of Madame Cézanne'', (1885–1887) Barnes collection File:Paul Cézanne 132.jpg, '' Portrait of Madame Cézanne with Loosened Hair'', c. 1883 – 1887,

File:Paul Cézanne - Madame Cézanne in Blue - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Madame Cézanne in Blue'', 1890,

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. With the recent completion of an eight-year campus redevelopment project, including the opening of the Nancy and Rich Kinder Build ...

File:Paul Cézanne 125.jpg, ''Madame Cézanne in the Greenhouse'', 1891–1892.

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

File:Paul Cézanne 124.jpg, ''Portrait of Mme Cézanne in a yellow armchair'', 1893–1895 File:Paul Cézanne - Madame Cézanne with Green Hat (Madame Cézanne au chapeau vert) - BF141 - Barnes Foundation.jpg, ''Woman in a Green Hat. Madame Cézanne'', 1894–1895.

Barnes Foundation The Barnes Foundation is an art collection and educational institution promoting the appreciation of art and horticulture. Originally in Merion, the art collection moved in 2012 to a new building on Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia, Pen ...

File:GUGG Madame Cézanne.jpg , ''Madame Cézanne'', 1885–87.

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is the permanent home of a continuously exp ...

References

Sources

Garb, Tamar Tamar Garb is Durning Lawrence Professor in the Department of History of Art at University College London. A researcher of French art of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Garb has published numerous catalogue essays and books t ...

. ''The Painted Face, Portraits of Women in France 1814–1914''. Yale University Press, 2007. * Lindsay, Jack. ''Cézanne: His Life and Art''. Greenwich, Connecticut: New York Graphic Society, 1969

External links