The Maribor prison massacres were a series of
massacres perpetrated by the Germans against the ethnic
Slovenian
Slovene or Slovenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe
* Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia
* Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
population in the city of
Maribor
Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other #Name, historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Styria (Slovenia), Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, th ...
, which had been annexed by
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, in present-day
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
. The Germans systematically murdered a total of 689 political prisoners from Maribor and surrounding areas as a retaliatory measure in response to Partisan activity. Those that were shot had been arrested for supplying the Partisan forces with food, weapons, and other aid.
Background
Maribor as most of
Slovene Lands
The Slovene lands or Slovenian lands ( sl, Slovenske dežele or in short ) is the historical denomination for the territories in Central and Southern Europe where people primarily spoke Slovene. The Slovene lands were part of the Illyrian provinc ...
had been part of the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 unt ...
since 1918. In 1941 Nazi Germany
attacked and defeated Yugoslavia, quickly establishing an occupation system. Maribor together with Slovenian Styria was annexed to Nazi Germany and a brutal process of Germanisation began.
Massacres
The massacres of ethnic Slovenians in Maribor range from 1941 and all the way to April 1945. The first massacre was perpetrated on 24 August 1941 and the last one only a month before the end of the war. The worst single massacre occurred on 2 October 1942, when the Germans murdered 143 Slovenian civilians.
Aftermath
After the war and the liberation of Maribor and Slovenia,
Erwin Rösener
Erwin Friedrich Karl Rösener (2 February 1902 – 4 September 1946) was a German ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) commander during the Nazi era. During World War II, he was responsible for mass executions of civilians in Slovenia. Rösener was put on trial ...
was put on trial and found guilty of the Maribor prison massacres among others. He was
hanged
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging in ...
on 4 September 1946.
See also
*
List of massacres in Slovenia
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Slovenia or its territory (numbers may be approximate):
See also
* List of massacres in Yugoslavia
{{Europe topic , List of massacres in
Slovenia
Massacres
Massacres
A mass ...
References
{{reflist
Massacres in Slovenia
Maribor
Axis war crimes in Yugoslavia
Massacres committed by Nazi Germany
World War II massacres
Slovenia in World War II