Maria Lipp (6 April 1892 in

Stolberg (Rhineland) Stolberg (, Ripuarian: ) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has a long history as an industrial town and belongs to the district Aachen and the lower district court of Eschweiler. Geography Stolberg is located approximately 5&nbs ...

– 12 December 1966 in

Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...

) was a German organic chemist. She was the first female doctoral student, professor, and ordinary professor at the

RWTH Aachen University RWTH Aachen University (), also known as North Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, Technical University of Aachen, University of Aachen, or ''Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hoch ...

Life

Lipp was born in Stolberg (Rheinland) as the daughter of Karl Savelsberg and Friederike de Nys. She was later adopted by the chemist

Julius Bredt Julius Bredt (March 29, 1855 – September 21, 1937) was a German organic chemist. He was the first to determine, in 1893, the correct structure of camphor. Bredt also discovered that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a brid ...

. In 1913, she started studying chemistry at the

TH Aachen RWTH Aachen University (), also known as North Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, Technical University of Aachen, University of Aachen, or ''Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hoch ...

. She completed her diploma with distinction in 1917 and was the first female doctoral student at the

. She completed her doctorate (Dr.-Ing.) with distinction in 1918 and her habilitation in organic chemistry again at the

in 1923. In 1925, she married Peter Lipp, a professor for organic chemistry at the

. She became an extraordinary professor at the

in 1938. During the Second World War, the institute for organic chemistry at the

was destroyed. This complicated her research until after the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. Her husband died in 1947. From 1949 to 1960, she was an ordinary professor for organic chemistry. In 1960, she became an emeritus professor. Her cousin Gertrud Savelsberg was an economist.

Research

Lipp's research focused on organic chemistry.

Awards

In 1962, she was awarded the

Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellect ...

for her accomplishments to rebuild the organic chemistry institute at the

after the

. A street in Aachen is named after her.

Selected publications

* Maria Lipp, Richard Anschütz, Adolf Butenandt: ''Chemie der Kohlenstoffverbindungen oder organische Chemie – Carbocyclische Verbindungen, Naturstoffe und Freie Organische Radikale''; Zweiter Band, Erste Hälfte: ''Alicyclische Verbindungen und Naturstoffe'', 1935 * ''Darstellung reaktionsfähiger Verbindungen des Camphansystems und Versuche zu deren Fluorierung'', Köln: Westdt. Verl., 1957 * Franz Dallacker, Karl-Werner Glombitza, Maria Lipp: ''Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, IV. Reaktionen des 4.5-Methylendioxy-phthalaldehyds'', in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Volume 643, 1961 * Franz Dallacker, Karl-Werner Glombitza, Maria Lipp: ''Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, V. Über die Synthese des 4.5-Methylendioxyisophthalalkohols und über polymere Methylendioxyphenyl-Verbindungen'', in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Volume 643, 1961 * Franz Dallacker, Jozef Thoma, Maria Lipp: ''Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, X. Darstellung und Reaktionen von -Hydroxy-ketonen'', in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Volume 663, 1963 * Franz Dallacker, Horst Pauling, Maria Lipp: ''Über Reaktionen der Terebinsäure'', in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Volume 663, 1963 * Franz Dallacker, Klaus Ulrichs, Maria Lipp: ''Anwendung der Wittig-Reaktion auf bi- und tricyclische Terpene'', in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Volume 667, 1963

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lipp, Maria 20th-century German chemists German women chemists Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 20th-century German women scientists People from Stolberg (Rhineland) RWTH Aachen University alumni Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University 1892 births 1966 deaths