Maria Janitschek ''née'' Tölk (July 22, 1859 in

Mödling Mödling () is the capital of the Austrian Mödling (district), district of the same name located approximately 14 km south of Vienna. Mödling lies in Lower Austria's industrial zone (Industrieviertel). The Mödlingbach, a brook which rises ...

(near Vienna) - April 28, 1927 in Munich) was a German writer of Austrian origin. She wrote under the pseudonym of ''Marius Stein''.

Life

Born the illegitimate child of a military officer, she was raised by her mother Anna Tölk in impoverished circumstances and educated in a Hungarian convent school. When she was 19, she moved with her mother to

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where she published her first articles as a journalist under the pseudonym Marius Stein. The newspapers ''Moderne Dichtung'' and ''Wiener Rundschau'' numbered among her employers. At age 23 she married Hubert Janitschek, a professor of art history. The couple lived in Strassburg and Leipzig. Her husband died in 1893 and Maria moved to Berlin and later to Munich.

Work

Her first published books were collections of poetry and short stories. These appealed to the interests of the bourgeois women's movement in the topics of their works: the problems of marriage and love for women, treated in a manner that at the time was very liberal. In 1889 she published her first volume of poems ''Irdische und unirdische Träume'' (Earthly and Unearthly Dreams), which included the highly criticized poem "Ein modernes Weib" (A Modern Wife). Germany banned her short story collection ''Die neue Eva'' in 1909. She considered

Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, also , ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of ...

Henrik Ibsen Henrik Johan Ibsen (; ; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director. As one of the founders of modernism in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as "the father of realism" and one of the most influential playw ...

, and

Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...

to be her role models. Her works often have strong female characters who become merciless avengers when wrongs are done to them. In her epic works, she explored the dualism between the sensible and the emotional side of people.

Selected writings

* ''Legenden und Geschichten«, ? 1885 * ''Irdische und unirdische Träume'', ? 1889 * ''Atlas'', Novella, Berlin 1893 * ''Buch der Freiheit'', Anthology, Ed Karl Henckell (later included in ''Texte von Maria Janitschek''), Berlin 1893 * ''Im Sommerwind'', poem, Leipzig 1895 * ''Ninive'', Novel, Leipzig 1896 * ''Vom Weibe - Charakterzeichnungen'', Berlin 1896 * ''Der Schleifstein - ein Lebensbild'', Leipzig 1896 * ''Sonnenblumen'', Anthology, Ed. Karl Henckell (later included in ''Texte von Maria Janitschek''), Stuttgart 1896 * ''Gelandet'', Leipzig 1897 * ''Kreuzfahrer'', Short Story, Leipzig 1897 * ''Die Amazonenschlacht'', Novel, Leipzig 1897 * ''Ueberm Thal'' in: ''Nord und Süd - Eine deutsche Monatsschrift'', Ed. Paul Lindau, Breslau 1898, Vol. 84 * ''Frauenkraft'' Novellen, Berlin 1900 * ''Vom Weibe - Charakterzeichnungen'', Berlin 1901 * ''Auf weiten Flügeln'', Novellas, Leipzig 1902 * ''Die neue Eva'', Novellas, Leipzig/Berlin 1902 * ''Maiblumen'', (Aus Aproditens Garten #1), Leipzig 1902 * ''Feuerlilie'', (Aus Aproditens Garten #2), Leipzig 1902 * ''Pfingstsonne'', Novella, Breslau 1903 * ''Mimikry - Ein Stück modernes Leben'', Novel, Leipzig 1903 * ''Esclarmonde - Ihr Lieben und Leiden'', Stuttgart 1906 * ''Eine Liebesnacht'', Novel, ? 1908 * ''Lustige Ehen - eine Geschichte, in der sich alle kriegen'', Leipzig 1910 * ''Olympier überm Tal'', Two Novellas, (Deutsche Volkskultur in Wort, Bild und Klang #5) Berlin ca. 1910 * ''Die Sterne des Herrn Ezelin'', Novel, Leipzig 1915 * ''Der rote Teufel'', Novel, Leipzig 1916 * ''Wildes Blut'', Berlin 1916 * ''Im Finstern'', Novel, Leipzig ca. 1920 * ''Kinder der Puszta'', Novel, ? 1920 * ''Saat und Ernte - Die deutsche Lyrik um 1925'', in ''Selbstauswahlen der Dichter und Dichterinnen'' (Maria Janitschek), mit kurzen Eigenbiographien und Angabe ihrer Werke, Ed. Albert Sergel, Berlin/Vienna 1924

Bibliography

* Petra Budke and Jutta Schulze: ''Schriftstellerinnen in Berlin 1871 - 1945. Ein Lexikon zu Leben und Werk''. Orlanda Frauenverlag, Berlin 1995, . * Theresia Klugsberger and Sigrid Schmid-Bortenschlager: ''Wider die Eindeutigkeit. Maria Janitschek''. In: Karin Tebben (Ed): ''Deutschsprachige Schriftstellerinnen des Fin de siècle''. Diss. Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1999, , P. 181-196.

External links

* *
Janitschek's Poem ''Ein modernes Weib'' from 1889
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20120819191610/http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bio_janitschek.htm Biography and Material from the Ariadne Project of the Austrian National Libriary {{DEFAULTSORT:Janitschek, Maria 1859 births 1927 deaths German women writers People from Mödling Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Germany