Marguerite Augusta Gautier-van Berchem (born Marguerite Augusta Berthout van Berchem; 11 April 1892 – 23 January 1984) was a Swiss
archaeologist
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
and
art historian
Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today ...
from a
patrician family, who specialised both in
early Christian art
Early Christian art and architecture or Paleochristian art is the art produced by Christians or under Christian patronage from the earliest period of Christianity to, depending on the definition used, sometime between 260 and 525. In practice, id ...
and early
Islamic art
Islamic art is a part of Islamic culture and encompasses the visual arts produced since the 7th century CE by people who lived within territories inhabited or ruled by Muslim populations. Referring to characteristic traditions across a wide ra ...
. She was also an active member of the
International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC; french: Comité international de la Croix-Rouge) is a humanitarian organization which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, and it is also a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signato ...
(ICRC) and was one of the first women to hold a senior position there.
Life
Family background and education
Marguerite's father
Max van Berchem
Edmond Maximilien Berthout van Berchem (16 March 1863, Geneva – 7 March 1921, Vaumarcus) commonly known as Max van Berchem, was a Swiss Philology, philologist, epigraphist and historian. Best known as the founder of Arabic epigraphy in the W ...
(1863–1921) was an
orientalist and historian who undertook scientific expeditions to
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
,
Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
, and
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
. He is known as a pioneer of
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
epigraphy
Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...
, who initiated the ''Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum'', an important collection of Arabic inscriptions. Marguerite's paternal grandparents were Alexandre (1836–1872), who inherited the ''
Château de Crans
Château de Crans is a manor house in the municipality of Crans in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
See also
* List of castles in Switzerland
* Château
A château (; plural: chât ...
'' in
Crans-près-Céligny
Crans (until 2021 Crans-près-Céligny French for ''Crans near Céligny'') is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
History
Crans-près-Céligny is first mentioned in 1008 as ''Cranos''.
Geography
Crans ...
from his maternal family, and Mathilde (née Sarasin,1838–1917), who inherited the ''
Château des Bois'' (also called ''Turretin'') in
Satigny
Satigny is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It is the largest municipality of the canton by land area and the largest wine-producing municipality of the country. Its territory contains the majority of the Mandement area, a desi ...
. Both were ''rentiers'', who received an income from their assets.
Their families were part of a patrician class that "turned to
bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets.
Because ...
ing and
philanthropic
Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material ...
activities at the end of the 19th century, after losing control of the major public offices in Geneva."
On 11 June 1891, Max van Berchem married the 21-year-old Lucile Elisabeth Frossard de Saugy.
On 11 April 1892, Marguerite was born.
In the winter of 1892/93, Max and Alice van Berchem travelled together to Egypt, Palestine and Syria for several months, but it is unclear whether they took Marguerite with them on that journey.
Elisabeth died on 2 June 1893 in Satigny, shortly after their return to Geneva, when Marguerite was just over one year old.
![Château de Crans horizontal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crans_horizontal.jpg)
The widower remarried, to an Alice Naville, and had six more children with her: five daughters and one son. In the extensive letter correspondences of Max van Berchem, Marguerite was the only one of his seven children whom he writes about specifically.
Marguerite van Berchem grew up primarily in the family palace of ''Château de Crans'' on a vineyard overlooking
Lake Geneva
, image = Lake Geneva by Sentinel-2.jpg
, caption = Satellite image
, image_bathymetry =
, caption_bathymetry =
, location = Switzerland, France
, coords =
, lake_type = Glacial lak ...
and "she received an excellent education in
Modern language
A modern language is any human language that is currently in use. The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such a ...
s, music and archaeology and was attracted to the
East
East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth.
Etymology
As in other languages, the word is formed from the fa ...
".
Due to her privileged background, she was sent on to study archaeology at the prestigious
''École du Louvre et des Hautes Etudes'' in Paris.
World War I
![ICRC V-P-HIST-03557-02](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/ICRC_V-P-HIST-03557-02.JPG)
Shortly after the outbreak of the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
in 1914, the ICRC, under its president
Gustave Ador
Gustave Ador (23 December 1845 – 31 March 1928) was a Swiss politician. In 1919, he became President of the Confederation.
Biography
Origins
Ador was born in Cologny, a municipality of Geneva. He was the grandson of Jean Pierre Ador, an immi ...
, established the
International Prisoners-of-War Agency (IPWA) to trace
POWs
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610.
Belligerents hold prisoners of war ...
and to re-establish communications with their respective families. Many of the staff were women.
This group included female pioneers such as
Marguerite Cramer,
Lucie Odier,
Suzanne Ferrière
Anne Suzanne "Lili" Ferrière (22 March 1886, Geneva – 13 March 1970, Geneva) was a Swiss Dance education, dance teacher of Dalcroze eurhythmics and a Humanitarianism, humanitarian Activism, activist from a prominent Genevan family. As only t ...
, and also van Berchem:
"Marguerite van Berchem selflessly devoted her time and effort to the work at hand, and was soon appointed head of the German Service, a position she filled with skill and efficiency."
Between the World Wars
In early 1921, van Berchem's father died from pneumonia at the age of just 58.
Following what was apparently her father's wish, she focused her interest on
mosaic
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...
s. She lived in Italy for 14 years, and left at the outbreak of World War II. Based on her research there she published in 1924 a book about Christian mosaics from the fourth to the tenth centuries, with drawings made by her younger half-sister Marcelle, and in collaboration with
Étienne Clouzot (1881–1944).
In the second half of the 1920s, she was encouraged by the
architectural historian
An architectural historian is a person who studies and writes about the history of architecture, and is regarded as an authority on it.
Professional requirements
As many architectural historians are employed at universities and other facilities ...
Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell to study of the mosaics of the
Dome of the Rock
The Dome of the Rock ( ar, قبة الصخرة, Qubbat aṣ-Ṣakhra) is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, a site also known to Muslims as the ''al-Haram al-Sharif'' or the Al-Aqsa Compound. Its initial ...
in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
and of the
Great Mosque of Damascus
The Umayyad Mosque ( ar, الجامع الأموي, al-Jāmiʿ al-Umawī), also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus ( ar, الجامع الدمشق, al-Jāmiʿ al-Damishq), located in the old city of Damascus, the capital of Syria, is one of the ...
. As an Inspector of Monuments in the
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
The Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) was a joint British, French and Arab military administration over Levantine provinces of the former Ottoman Empire between 1917 and 1920, set up on 23 October 1917 following the Sinai and Pale ...
(OETA), Cresswell had entertained friendly relations with Max van Berchem, whom he admired.
The results of Marguerite van Berchem's research on the two religious sites, where her father had done epigraphic studies, were published in 1932, as an independent part under her own name in the first volume of Cresswell's seminal work ''Early Muslim Architecture.''
At the same time, van Berchem kept volunteering for the ICRC. In 1934, for instance, she accompanied her fellow pioneering colleagues Marguerite Frick-Cramer and Lucie Odier to
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
, where they represented the organisation at the
Fifteenth International Red Cross Conference.
World War II
![Note rédigée par Marguerite van Berchem le 23 octobre 1944](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Note_r%C3%A9dig%C3%A9e_par_Marguerite_van_Berchem_le_23_octobre_1944.png)
After her return to Geneva van Berchem joined the
Central Agency for Prisoners of War of the ICRC, the successor of the IPWA. which was based on the
1929 Geneva Convention. In 1940/41, she played a key role in the creation of a service dedicated to handle the cases of the many POWs from the
French colonies
From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over , the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. During the 19th and 20th centuri ...
, who could thus receive family news and parcels.
To master the challenges from this task, she recruited a team of specialists who had lived in the colonies.
From 1943, she also directed the auxiliary sections of the Agency, which by the end of the war had more than one thousand volunteers in 24 cities across Switzerland.
On 23 October 1944 van Berchem wrote to the ICRC member
Albert Lombard, asking for permission to continue work despite the fact that contact between the colonial service and its French partner organisations was cut off in autumn of 1944, stating that "the work undertaken in Geneva for indigenous people has an impact beyond that of the other national services of the Agency because it is addressed to people that have been much abused by whites."
Post-WWII
![Sedrata vestiges](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Sedrata_vestiges.jpg)
One year after the end of the Second World War, van Berchem stressed in a publication her conviction that "differences in
race
Race, RACE or "The Race" may refer to:
* Race (biology), an informal taxonomic classification within a species, generally within a sub-species
* Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, and/or s ...
,
language
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
and religion are no reasons that should divide the peoples, but that there are laws and profound links which may make this
diversity
Diversity, diversify, or diverse may refer to:
Business
*Diversity (business), the inclusion of people of different identities (ethnicity, gender, age) in the workforce
*Diversity marketing, marketing communication targeting diverse customers
* ...
a great wealth."
Still in 1946, van Berchem undertook a journey to
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
and
Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
. In
Algiers
Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...
, her interest was sparked by
stucco
Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and a ...
s at the
National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art
The National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art (' in French) is an art museum in Algiers, Algeria.
History
According to Museum with No Frontiers, the National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art is the oldest museum in Algeria and Africa. T ...
. The artworks were from
Sedrata, a historical site some south of Algiers near the
oasis
In ecology, an oasis (; ) is a fertile area of a desert or semi-desert environment'ksar''with its surrounding feeding source, the palm grove, within a relational and circulatory nomadic system.”
The location of oases has been of critical imp ...
of
Ouargla
Ouargla ( Berber: Wargrən, ar, ورقلة) is the capital city of Ouargla Province in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria. It has a flourishing petroleum industry and hosts one of Algeria's universities, the University of Ouargla. The commune ...
in the Algerian
Sahara
, photo = Sahara real color.jpg
, photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972
, map =
, map_image =
, location =
, country =
, country1 =
, ...
, which had been a prospering
Berber
Berber or Berbers may refer to:
Ethnic group
* Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa
* Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages
Places
* Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile
People with the surname
* Ady Berber (1913–196 ...
city during the 10th and 11th centuries. French archaeologists had excavated parts of it at the end of the 19th century, but the ruins were covered by the
desert sands
''Desert Sands'' is a 1955 American adventure film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Danny Arnold, George W. George and George F. Slavin. The film stars Ralph Meeker, Marla English, J. Carrol Naish, John Carradine, Ron Randell, John Smit ...
and largely forgotten again.
![Italia - Roma 2013 - panoramio (79)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Italia_-_Roma_2013_-_panoramio_%2879%29.jpg)
In 1948, van Berchem returned to Rome, where she served as the ''de facto'' founding director of the (ISR). The Swiss Federal Council had decided in the previous year to establish the cultural institute, which took its seat under van Berchem's leadership in the
Villa Maraini on the
Pincian Hill
The Pincian Hill (; it, Pincio ; la, Mons Pincius) is a hill in the northeast quadrant of the historical centre of Rome. The hill lies to the north of the Quirinal, overlooking the Campus Martius. It was outside the original boundaries of th ...
and was opened in 1949.
Following this episode, van Berchem undertook a second trip to Algeria in 1949 and another year later a first reconnaissance mission to Sedrata.
This was followed by two systematic archaeological expeditions: in the course of the first one, which took place from the end of 1950 to the beginning of 1951, she used
aerial archaeology
Aerial archaeology is the study of archaeological remains by examining them from a higher altitude. In present day, this is usually achieved by satellite images or through the use of drones.
Details
Aerial Archaeology involves interpretation an ...
to examine the extent of the site, including its streets and channels. A hydro-survey was conducted as well. Limited excavations discovered a large building that was decorated with columns and arches. The second campaign, which took place from late 1951 to early 1952, discovered a residential complex with finely decorated stucco panels. Some fifty boxes of finds were sent to Algiers. However, van Berchem had to give up the project altogether after the beginning of the
Algerian Revolution
The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence,( ar, الثورة الجزائرية '; '' ber, Tagrawla Tadzayrit''; french: Guerre d'Algérie or ') and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November ...
in 1954. A large part of her findings were published posthumously in 2017.
![Wall panel - Panneau mural - Algeria - After 908 - Louvre - MAO 349](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Wall_panel_-_Panneau_mural_-_Algeria_-_After_908_-_Louvre_-_MAO_349.jpg)
In 1951, van Berchem was elected a member of the ICRC,
joining her cousin
René van Berchem, a banker, who was an ICRC member from 1946 to 1955.
In contrast, Marguerite van Berchem remained a regular member for 18 years.
During her tenure, she undertook missions to a number of countries, e.g. to
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne,
सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...
and
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
.
In 1966, she married the banker Bernard Gautier.
In July 1969, Gautier-van Berchem – at the age of 77 – undertook yet another mission for the ICRC, when she and an ICRC delegate visited three Palestinians who were detained in a
Zürich
Zürich () is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 43 ...
prison for the
El Al Flight 432 attack
El Al Flight 432 was a Boeing 720-058B (a shortened Boeing 707-120B) that was attacked by a squad of four armed Palestinian militants, members of the Lebanese-based militant organization Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, while it w ...
. The Israeli plane was attacked by four members of the militant organization
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( ar, الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, translit=al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn, PFLP) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and revolutionary soci ...
, while it was preparing for takeoff at the
Zurich International Airport
Zürich Airport (), french: Aéroport de Zurich, it, Aeroporto di Zurigo, rm, Eroport da Turitg is the largest international airport of Switzerland and the principal hub of Swiss International Air Lines. It serves Zürich, Switzerland's larg ...
in
Kloten
Kloten is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (german: Glatttal).
History
Kloten is first mentioned in 1155 as ''Chlotun''.
Geography
Kloten is located in the Gl ...
. One crew member and one assailant were killed, while several Israelis were severely injured.
Death
![Grave-MargueriteGautierVanBerchem-Cologny RomanDeckert25052021](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Grave-MargueriteGautierVanBerchem-Cologny_RomanDeckert25052021.jpg)
Gautier-van Berchem died on 23 January 1984 at the age of 91. Upon her death, the former vice-president of the ICRC
Jean Pictet
Jean Simon Pictet (2 September 1914, Geneva – 30 March 2002, Meyrin) was a Swiss citizen, jurist, legal practitioner working in international humanitarian law. First as a secretary-jurist, and then as a senior executive and Vice-President of the ...
, wrote in an
obituary
An obituary ( obit for short) is an article about a recently deceased person. Newspapers often publish obituaries as news articles. Although obituaries tend to focus on positive aspects of the subject's life, this is not always the case. Ac ...
which was published by the ''Journal de Genève,'' which said:
"A native of Geneva, she admirably embodied this ‹Geneva spirit›, thoughtful and reserved, willingly rebellious
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority.
A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...
and caustic, but also generous and capable of igniting good causes. She was the heiress to this scientific
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...
and humanist
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and agency of human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
The meaning of the term "humani ...
tradition, which, aristocratic or popular, is the common heritage of all Genevans."
Her husband, Bernard Gautier, died in 1984 also. Their graves are at the ''Ancien Cimetière de
Cologny
Cologny () is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
History
Cologny is first mentioned in 1208 as ''Colognier''.
The oldest trace of a settlement in the area is a Neolithic lake side village which ...
'', where her father is buried as well.
Legacy
In 1973, Gautier-van Berchem, who did not have immediate heirs of her own, donated the Villa Saladin-van Berchem to the
Swiss Confederation
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. Though it had been the property of the Saladin family for seven generations, Gautier-van Berchem had not inherited it from that part of her family, but purchased it in 1955. Since she did not want the estate, which was built in 1715 at the ''Plateau de Frontenex'' in
Cologny
Cologny () is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
History
Cologny is first mentioned in 1208 as ''Colognier''.
The oldest trace of a settlement in the area is a Neolithic lake side village which ...
overlooking
Lake Geneva
, image = Lake Geneva by Sentinel-2.jpg
, caption = Satellite image
, image_bathymetry =
, caption_bathymetry =
, location = Switzerland, France
, coords =
, lake_type = Glacial lak ...
, to fall into foreign hands, she gave it to the government under the condition that the state of the architectural ensemble would stay inalienable.
The villa has served since then as the residence of the permanent representative of Switzerland to the
United Nations Office at Geneva
The United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG, french: Office des Nations Unies à Genève) in Geneva, Switzerland, is one of the four major offices of the United Nations where numerous different UN agencies have a joint presence. The main UNOG ...
.
Selected works
![Stamp of Algeria - 1967 - Colnect 242575 - Excavations of Sedrata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Stamp_of_Algeria_-_1967_-_Colnect_242575_-_Excavations_of_Sedrata.jpeg)
* ''Mosaïques Chrétiennes du'' ''IVme au'' ''Xme Siècles'', with Etienne Clouzot. Geneva 1924
*''The Mosaics of the Dome of the Rock at Jerusalem and of the Great Mosque at Damascus.'' In: Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell: ''Early Muslim Architecture'' Vol. 1. Oxford 1932, pp. 152–252
*''Les Sections auxiliaires du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge'', Geneva 1947
*''Deux campagnes de fouilles à Sedrata en Algérie''. In: ''Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'' 1952, pp. 242–246
*''Sedrata. Un chapitre nouveau de l'histoire de l'art Musulman. Campagnes de 1951 et 1952'', in: ''Ars Orientalis,'' Vol. 1 (1954), pp. 157–172
*''Sedrata et les anciennes villes berbères du Sahara dans les récits des explorateurs du XIXème siècle'', in: ''Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale'', Vol. 59 (1960), pp. 289–308
*''Palmettes, rosaces et bordures dans les décors de Sedrata, L.A. Mayer Memorial Volume (1895–1959)'', in: ''Eretz Israël: Archæological, Historical and Geographical Studies'', Vol. 7 (1964), pp. 6–16.
*''Le palais de Sedrata dans le désert saharien''. In: ''Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture, in honour of Professor K.A.C. Creswell''. Cairo 1965, pp. 8–29
*''Anciens décors de mosaïques de la salle de prière dans la Mosquée des Omayyades à Damas''. In: ''Mélange offerts à M. Maurice Dunand'' (= ''Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph'' 46). Beirut 1970, pp. 287–304
*''La Jérusalem musulmane dans l'œuvre de Max van Berchem,'' with Solange Ory, Lausanne 1978
*''Muslim Jerusalem In The Work Of Max van Berchem'', with Solange Ory, Fondation Max van Berchem, Geneva 1982
*
References
External links
The Max van Berchem FoundationCorrespondencebetween
Carl Jacob Burckhardt
Carl Jacob Burckhardt (September 10, 1891 – March 3, 1974) was a Swiss diplomat and historian. His career alternated between periods of academic historical research and diplomatic postings; the most prominent of the latter were League of Na ...
and Marguerite van Berchem, 1943–1961, from Burckhardt's bequest at the library of the
University of Basel
The University of Basel (Latin: ''Universitas Basiliensis'', German: ''Universität Basel'') is a university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest surviving universit ...
Correspondencesbetween Marguerite van Berchem and
Halil Edhem Eldem
Halil Edhem Eldem, also known as Halil Edhem Bey (1861–1938) was an Ottoman conservative politician, archaeologist and writer during the Second Constitutional Era. He was the son of Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1819–1893) was ...
in the period between 1929 and 1937, with
Miecislas de Dukszta in 1948 and with
Raymond de Saussure
Raymond de Saussure (; 2 August 1894 – 29 October 1971) was a Swiss psychoanalyst, the first president of the European Psychoanalytical Federation.H. Vermorel, 'Raymond de Saussure. First president of the European Psychoanalytical Federation', ...
in the years between 1943 and 1952 in the archives of the Bibliothèque de Genève
Marguerite van Berchemin the Dodis data bank of the
Diplomatic Documents of SwitzerlandPortrait photofrom later years in the audio visual archives of the ICRC.
A comprehensive list of her publications containing 31 titles can be found in the catalogue of the Max van Berchem Foundation's library(PDF).
*Images
Agence internationale des prisonniers de guerre. Service des recherches. Service des disparusan
Agence internationale des prisonniers de guerre
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gautier-van Berchem, Marguerite
1892 births
1984 deaths
Writers from Geneva
Red Cross personnel
20th-century Swiss historians
Swiss archaeologists
Swiss women archaeologists
Swiss women historians
Swiss art historians