Margaretha Kirch (b. ca. 1703, d. after 1744) was a German astronomer.

Early life

She was the daughter of the astronomers

Gottfried Kirch Gottfried Kirch (; also KircheKenneth Glyn Jones, ''The Search for the Nebulae'', Alpha Academic, 1975, p. 19. , Kirkius; 18 December 1639 – 25 July 1710) was a German astronomer and the first "Astronomer Royal" in Berlin and, as such, directo ...

and

Maria Margarethe Kirch Maria Margaretha Kirch (''née'' Winckelmann, in historic sources named Maria Margaretha Kirchin; 25 February 1670 – 29 December 1720) was a German astronomer. She was one of the first famous astronomers of her period due to her writing on ...

and the sister of

Christfried Kirch Christfried Kirch (24 December 1694, Guben – 9 March 1740, Berlin) was a German astronomer and almanac publisher. Life and work He was born in Guben, Germany the son of the astronomers Gottfried Kirch and Maria Margaretha Kirch. Christfrie ...

. She and her sister

Christine Kirch Christine Kirch (1696 in Guben, Germany – 6 May 1782), was a German astronomer. Life She was the daughter of the astronomers Gottfried Kirch and Maria Margarethe Kirch and the sister of Christfried Kirch. She and her sister Margaretha Kirch we ...

were educated in astronomy and worked as their parents' and, later, their brother's assistants. Few details are known about her life. She was seven years old when her father died. She never married. Like her sister Christine, she was taught astronomy at the age of 10, and both initially assisted her brother Christfried with his observations. Margaretha later made observations of the weather and the starry sky, which she recorded in a weather observation diary.

Work at the Berlin Observatory

In 1716, Kirch's brother accepted a permanent position in astronomy at the Academy of Sciences in Berlin and the Berlin Observatory. Kirch, her mother, and her sister worked with him at the Observatory of Berlin. Kirch and her sister Christine worked as assistants and made the astronomical observations and calculations for planetary ephemeris. After the Great Comet C/1743 X1 had passed the sun, Margaretha observed and drew a streaky splitting of the comet's tail on March 5, which was only observed on the following four days by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle and Gottfried Heinsius in Saint Petersburg, as well as the well-known astronomer Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux in Lausanne. In particular, her observation of March 7th is also recorded in an engraving. Like her mother and her sister, Kirch did not receive official recognition of their professional work at the observatory.

References

Sources * M. Ogilvie, J. Harvey, eds., ''The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science – Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century: Volume 1 A-K''. Routledge, New York and London 2000, , pp. 1774–1775. * R. Wielen, Thomas Hockey (Ed.): Bibliographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer, New York, 2007, , p. 638. * Citations {{DEFAULTSORT:Kirch, Margaretha 18th-century German astronomers Women astronomers 1703 births 18th-century deaths Year of death missing German women scientists 18th-century women scientists