Margaret Powell

Margaret Powell (1907 – April 1984) was an English writer. Her book about her experiences in domestic service, ''Below Stairs'', became a best-seller and she went on to write other books and became a television personality. ''Below Stairs'' was an impetus for '' Upstairs, Downstairs'' and the basis of ''Beryl's Lot'', and is one of the inspirations of ''Downton Abbey''.

Early life and domestic service

Ellen Margaret Steer's father Harry was seasonally employed as a house painter, and her mother Florence was a charwoman. Her parents and her grandmother lived in three rooms in Hove, Sussex, and she had six siblings. When she was 13 and won a scholarship to grammar school, her parents could not afford to allow her to take it up.Kathryn Hughes
"Maid in England: Margaret Powell's Below Stairs recalls a life in service between the first and second world wars"
Rereading, ''The Guardian'', 19 August 2011.James Fenton
"The Abbey That Jumped the Shark"
''The New York Review of Books'', 8 March 2012.Elizabeth Lowry
"What the Help Really Saw: A true tale of a life in domestic service puts the lie to television's whitewashed versions"
Bookshelf, ''The Wall Street Journal'', 14 January 2012. She went to work in a laundry until she was 15 and became a maid, first locally and a year later in London. Since she had experience cooking at home and hated needlework, she became a kitchen maid instead of an under-housemaid, a slightly more prestigious position.

After "setingabout inding a husbandas if it were an extra household duty, like hulling five pounds of strawberries or mopping the linoleum floor", she escaped domestic service by marrying a milkman, Albert Powell.Jane McLoughlin
"Upstairs, Downstairs"
''The Christian Science Monitor'', 29 January 1974 (pay per view) When her three sons were in grammar school, towards the end of the Second World War, she became a maid once more. Eventually, "when I realised I had nothing to talk about with my eldest son, who was preparing to go to university", she took evening school courses in philosophy, history and literature, passed her O-levels at 58, and went on to A-levels, passing the English A-level in 1969."Authoress dies"
''The Glasgow Herald'', 26 April 1984.

Writing career and later life

She published her memoir, ''Below Stairs'', in 1968. It sold well, 14,000 copies in its first year, and was followed by other autobiographical books beginning the following year. She also wrote some novels. She became a popular guest on television talkshows. When she died in April 1984 at 76 after suffering from cancer, she left a substantial estate of £77,000.The Canadian Press
"Large Estate"
''The Leader-Post'' (Regina, Saskatchewan), 15 September 1984.

''Below Stairs''

''Below Stairs'' was one of a wave of working-class memoirs beginning in the 1950s, and is about class—she writes, "We always called them 'Them'"— Judith Newman
"Remains of the Days: Three Books Explore the Reality Behind the World of 'Downton Abbey'"
''The New York Times'' Sunday Book Review, 3 February 2012. but "defiantly individualistic" rather than socialist. Powell is bitter about the injustice of her situation, "very good at dramatising ... mortifying moments", and "throws the last shovel of dirt on the myth of the devoted help and their unfailing love and respect for the stately home". The book "prompted a storm of hurt letters". However, she has no time for politics and instead focusses on beating the odds: "Those people who say the rich should share what they've got are talking a lot of my eye and Betty Martin; it's only because they haven't got it they think that way ... I had it I'd hang on to it too". The ''Wall Street Journals reviewer in 2012 called her "admirably feisty" and "wittily scathing of the class-bound cant conditioning Britain in the early decades of the 20th century".

''Below Stairs'' inspired the television series '' Upstairs, Downstairs'', which was created by two actresses whose mothers had also been "in service". The series ''Beryl's Lot'' was based on it,Anthony Hayward
"Obituary: Kevin Laffan Creator of the long-running ITV soap opera 'Emmerdale Farm'"
Obituaries, ''The Independent''
at Highbeam; subscription required
and it was one of the inspirations of the series ''Downton Abbey'', which began in 2011. It was reissued that year in the UK as ''Below Stairs: The Bestselling Memoirs of a 1920s Kitchen Maid'' and in 2012 published for the first time in the US as ''Below Stairs: The Classic Kitchen Maid's Memoir That Inspired "Upstairs, Downstairs" and "Downton Abbey"''.

Selected publications and reissues

* ''Below Stairs''. London: Peter Davies, 1968.
* ''Below Stairs: the bestselling memoirs of a 1920s kitchen maid''. London: Pan Macmillan, 2011.
* ''Below Stairs: the classic kitchen maid's memoir that inspired "Upstairs, Downstairs" and "Downton Abbey"''. New York: St Martin's Press, 2012.
* ''Climbing the Stairs''. London: Peter Davies, 1969.
* ''Climbing the Stairs; From Kitchen Maid to Cook: the heartwarming memoir of a life in service''. London: Pan, 2011.
* ''The Margaret Powell Cookery Book''. London: Peter Davies, 1970
* ''Margaret Powell's London Season''. London: Peter Davies, 1971
* ''The Treasure Upstairs''. London: Peter Davies, 1970

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Powell, Margaret
1907 births
1984 deaths
English autobiographers
People from Hove
Writers from London
Deaths from cancer in England
Maids
English domestic workers
20th-century English novelists
English memoirists