Marcus Manuel Hartog (19 August 1851, London – 21 January 1924, Paris) was an English educator, natural historian, philosopher of biology and

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

in Cork, Ireland. He contributed to multiple volumes of the ''Cambridge Natural History''.

Life

Hartog was born in London 1851, the second son of the Professor Alphonse Hartog (died 1904) and

Marion Marion may refer to: People *Marion (given name) *Marion (surname) *Marion Silva Fernandes, Brazilian footballer known simply as "Marion" *Marion (singer), Filipino singer-songwriter and pianist Marion Aunor (born 1992) Places Antarctica * Mari ...

(née Moss, 1821–1907), younger brother of

Numa Edward Hartog Numa Edward Hartog (20 May 1846 – 19 June 1871) was a Jewish British mathematician who attracted attention in 1869 for graduating from Cambridge University as Senior Wrangler and Smith's Prizeman but as a Jew had not been admitted to a fello ...

and elder brother of Sir

Philip Joseph Hartog Sir Philip Joseph Hartog (2 March 1864 – 27 June 1947) was a British chemist and educationalist who undertook this role in England and India. Early life and education Hartog was born in London on 2 March 1864, the third son of Alfonse and ...

, Academic Registrar of London University and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dacca. His two younger sisters were the pianist and composer

Cécile Hartog Cécile Sarah Hartog (1857–1940) was an English composer and pianist, born in London. She was the daughter of French school teacher, author and editor Marion Moss Hartog, and her siblings were the artist Héléna Arsène Darmesteter, natur ...

and the portrait painter Héléna Arsène Darmesteter, Marcus Hartog was educated at the

North London Collegiate School North London Collegiate School (NLCS) is an independent school with a day school for girls in England. Founded in Camden Town, it is now located in Edgware, in the London Borough of Harrow. Associate schools are located in South Korea, Jeju I ...

, University College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took a first class in the National Science Tripos in 1874, and went out in the same year to Ceylon as assistant to the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens — a post that he held for three years. On his return he became a demonstrator, and afterwards a lecturer in natural history at Owens College, Manchester. In 1882 he began an association of more than 40 years with the educational life of Cork. For 27 years he was Professor of Natural History at

Queen's College, Cork University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork (UCC) ( ga, Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh) is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, and located in Cork (city), Cork. The university was founded in 1 ...

(1882–1907), and in 1909 proceeded to the chair of Zoology in what had become University College Cork. When in 1921 he vacated the appointment, he was made Emeritus Professor. Hartog was a

Lamarckian Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime. It is also calle ...

. He argued for the inheritance of acquired characteristics and identified as a

vitalist Vitalism is a belief that starts from the premise that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things." Wher ...

. He supported the non-Darwinian evolutionary ideas of Samuel Butler and wrote a supportive introduction to his book ''Unconscious Memory''. McClung, C. E. (1913)
''Reviewed Work: Problems of Life and Reproduction by Marcus Hartog''
''

Science Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...

'' 38 (984): 666-668. He argued that

cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell (biology), cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukar ...

occurs due to a new force he termed "mitokinetism". Hartog died in Paris on 21 January 1924.

Selected publications

Hartog contributed articles to the ''

Dictionary of National Biography The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') was published on 23 September ...

'' and the ''

Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various time ...

'', as well as writing many articles for scientific journals.
''Problems of Life and Reproduction''
(1913)
''The True Mechanism of Mitosis''
(1914)

Family

In 1874 in Paris, France, Hartog married Blanche Levy, daughter of R. Levy, of Paris, and had issue.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hartog, Marcus Manuel 1851 births 1924 deaths 19th-century British botanists 19th-century British zoologists 20th-century British botanists 20th-century British zoologists Alumni of University College London Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Academics of Queens College Cork Academics of University College Cork English Jews English people of French descent Lamarckism People educated at North London Collegiate School Philosophers of biology Vitalists