Manus MacCloskey (April 24, 1874 – May 11, 1963) was a

brigadier general Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed ...

in the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...

. He served in the Philippines, participated in the

China Relief Expedition The China Relief Expedition was an expedition in China undertaken by the United States Armed Forces to rescue United States citizens, European nationals, and other foreign nationals during the latter years of the Boxer Rebellion, which lasted f ...

, and commanded the

12th Field Artillery Regiment The 12th Field Artillery Regiment is a unit of the United States Army. Distinctive insignia Description and symbolism The unit's insignia is a gold color metal and enamel device 1 inch (2.54 cm) in height overall consisting of a ...

during World War I. After retiring from the military, he organized the Civilian Conservation Corps in North Carolina and later served as superintendent of Cook County Hospital in Chicago.

Early life

He was born in

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...

on April 24, 1874. MacCloskey graduated from the

United States Military Academy The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a fort, since it sits on strategic high groun ...

in 1898.

Military career

left, MacCloskey (center) with his staff in the Forest of Argonne in October 1918 After his commissioning, he joined the Fifth Field Artillery on April 26, 1898. In 1916, he commanded Fort Myer He served in the Philippines and participated in the

. During

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, he organized and commanded the

. MacCloskey fought in the Battle of Verdun, the Battle of Château-Thierry (1918), the Battle of Belleau Wood, and the Battle of Soissons (1918). From January 1921 to June 30, 1924, he served with the General staff at Headquarters, Sixth Corps Area. He later served at Fort Sheridan and

Fort Bragg Fort Bragg is a military installation of the United States Army in North Carolina, and is one of the largest military installations in the world by population, with around 54,000 military personnel. The military reservation is located within Cum ...

. He retired from military service on April 30, 1938.

Civilian career

In 1933, he organized the

Civilian Conservation Corps The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a voluntary government work relief program that ran from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men ages 18–25 and eventually expanded to ages 17–28. The CCC was a major part of ...

(CCC) in North Carolina. He served as superintendent of Cook County Hospital in Chicago from 1938 to 1947.

Awards and honors

Awards he received during his career include the

Distinguished Service Medal Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a high award of a nation. Examples include: *Distinguished Service Medal (Australia) (established 1991), awarded to personnel of the Australian Defence Force for distinguished leadership in action * Distinguishe ...

, the

Silver Star The Silver Star Medal (SSM) is the United States Armed Forces' third-highest military decoration for valor in combat. The Silver Star Medal is awarded primarily to members of the United States Armed Forces for gallantry in action against an e ...

with oak leaf cluster, and the

Purple Heart The Purple Heart (PH) is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those wounded or killed while serving, on or after 5 April 1917, with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, w ...

with oak leaf cluster. He also received the

Order of the Crown of Italy The Order of the Crown of Italy ( it, Ordine della Corona d'Italia, italic=no or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861. It was awarded in five degrees for civi ...

, rank Officer for his World War I service.

Personal life and family

He married Sara Monro on August 14, 1901. They had two children: Monro MacCloskey, who attained the rank of brigadier general in the

United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal ...

, and Sara, who was known as Sally.

Death

He died on May 11, 1963, in Washington, DC. He is buried at

Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery is one of two national cemeteries run by the United States Army. Nearly 400,000 people are buried in its 639 acres (259 ha) in Arlington, Virginia. There are about 30 funerals conducted on weekdays and 7 held on Sa ...

Legacy

In 1977, MacCloskey's personal papers were donated to the

University of Pittsburgh The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a public state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus, home to the universit ...

archives by Monro MacCloskey.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maccloskey, Manus Military personnel from Pittsburgh Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Silver Star American military personnel of the Spanish–American War United States Army generals of World War I United States Army generals 1874 births 1963 deaths Burials at Arlington National Cemetery United States Army Field Artillery Branch personnel