The ''Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Étienne'', often abbreviated to MAS ("Saint-Étienne Weapons Factory" in English) was a French
state-owned
State ownership, also called government ownership and public ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise by the state or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownersh ...
weapons manufacturer in the town of
Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne (; frp, Sant-Etiève; oc, Sant Estève, ) is a city and the prefecture of the Loire department in eastern-central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
Saint-Étienne is the t ...
,
Loire
The Loire (, also ; ; oc, Léger, ; la, Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it drains , more than a fifth of France's land, while its average discharge is only half that of the Rhône ...
. Founded in 1764, it was merged into the French state-owned defense
conglomerate GIAT Industries
Nexter Systems (formerly known as GIAT Industries or ''Groupement des Industries de l'Armée de Terre'', Army Industries Group) is a French government-owned weapons manufacturer, based in Roanne, Loire.
Group organization
The Nexter group is ...
in 2001.
History
Saint-Étienne was well-known as a center of
sword
A sword is an edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a knife or dagger, is attached to a hilt and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter blade with a pointed ti ...
and
knife
A knife ( : knives; from Old Norse 'knife, dirk') is a tool or weapon with a cutting edge or blade, usually attached to a handle or hilt. One of the earliest tools used by humanity, knives appeared at least 2.5 million years ago, as evidenced ...
manufacturing beginning in the Middle Ages. In 1665, a Royal Arms Depot was created in Paris to store military weapons made in Saint-Étienne.
The ''Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Étienne'' was created by royal decree in 1764 under the supervision of the General Inspector of the Royal Arms Manufacture of
Charleville Charleville can refer to:
Australia
* Charleville, Queensland, a town in Australia
**Charleville railway station, Queensland
France
* Charleville, Marne, a commune in Marne, France
*Charleville-Mézières, a commune in Ardennes, France
** C ...
.
12,000 weapons were being produced each year when the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
began in 1789. The city was renamed Armsville during the Revolutionary period and production increased to arm the
French Revolutionary Army
The French Revolutionary Army (french: Armée révolutionnaire française) was the French land force that fought the French Revolutionary Wars from 1792 to 1804. These armies were characterised by their revolutionary fervour, their poor equipment ...
.
Subsequently, the
French Empire required a threefold increase in production to meet the needs of the
Grande Armée
''La Grande Armée'' (; ) was the main military component of the French Imperial Army commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars. From 1804 to 1808, it won a series of military victories that allowed the French Empi ...
in its conquest of Europe.
By 1838, during the
July Monarchy
The July Monarchy (french: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (french: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 F ...
, annual production was well over 30,000 firearms.
In 1864, the modern factory was built, new steam-powered machines were installed and the first military standardized bolt-action rifle, the
Chassepot
The Chassepot (pronounced ''SHAS-poh''), officially known as ''Fusil modèle 1866'', was a bolt-action military breechloading rifle. It is famous for having been the arm of the French forces in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. It replac ...
, was produced from 1866 on, then the
Gras rifle
The Fusil Modèle 1874 or Gras was the French Army's primary service rifle from 1874 to 1886. Designed by Colonel Basile Gras, the Gras was a metallic cartridge adaptation of the single-shot, breech-loading, black powder Chassepot rifle. It was de ...
after 1874.
The
MAC-designed Lebel rifle
The Lebel Model 1886 rifle (French: ''Fusil Modèle 1886 dit "Fusil Lebel"'') also known as the ''"Fusil Mle 1886 M93"'', after a bolt modification was added in 1893, is an 8 mm bolt-action infantry rifle that entered service in the French A ...
entered production in 1886. MAS later designed and manufactured the family of rifles chambered in
7.5×54mm French
The 7.5×54mm French, 7.5 French, or 7.5 MAS (designated as the 7,5 × 54 MAS by the C.I.P.) is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge. It was developed by France as an update to the 7.5×57mm MAS mod. 1924 cartridge. It replaced the obsolete 8 ...
, from the
MAS-36 through the
MAS-49/56, then later the
FAMAS
The FAMAS (''Fusil d'Assaut de la Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Étienne'', "Assault Rifle from the Saint-Étienne Weapon Factory") is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in France by MAS in 1978, a year after the Austrian Steyr ...
bullpup
A bullpup firearm is one with its firing grip located in front of the Chamber (firearms), breech of the weapon, instead of behind it. This creates a weapon with a shorter overall length for a given barrel length, and one that is often lighter, ...
assault rifle, which uses the
5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, but often pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and ...
round.
In 2001, weapons production ceased as MAS was absorbed into the Nexter Group. OPTSYS, a Nexter subsidiary specializing in optical equipment and protected vision for armored vehicles, is currently located in Saint-Étienne.
Arms produced by MAS
*
Pistolet modèle 1733
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 17,5 mm modèle 1777
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 17,5 mm modèle 1777 modifié an IX
*
Pistolet de cavalerie de 17,1 mm modèle an IX
A pistol is a handgun, more specifically one with the chamber integral to its gun barrel, though in common usage the two terms are often used interchangeably. The English word was introduced in , when early handguns were produced in Europe, an ...
*
Pistolet de 17,1 mm de cavalerie modèle an XIII
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 17,5 mm modèle 1816
*
Mousqueton de cavalerie modèle 1816
*
Mousqueton de cavalerie modèle 1816C
*
Mousqueton de cavalerie modèle 1822
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 17,5 mm modèle 1822
*
Fusil d'infanterie modèle 1822T
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 18 mm modèle 1822T bis
*
Fusil de rempart modèle 1828
*
Fusil de rempart de 21,8 mm modèle 1831
*
Fusil de voltigeur modèle 1842
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 17,5 mm modèle 1842
*
Fusil de marine modèle 1842 T
*
Fusil de dragon modèle 1842 T
*
Mousqueton de gendarmerie modèle 1842 T
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 18 mm modèle 1842 T
*
Carabine de Chasseurs a pied 1853
*
Carabine de Chasseurs a pied 1853 T
A carbine ( or ) is a long gun that has a gun barrel, barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridge (firearms), cartridg ...
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 17,8 mm modèle 1857
*
Fusil de marine modèle 1857
*
Fusil de dragon modèle 1857
*
Mousqueton de gendarmerie modèle 1857
*
Fusil à tabatière système 1857
*
fusil d'infanterie de 11 mm modèle 1866 Chassepot
*
revolver de 11 mm modèle 1873
*
revolver de 11 mm modèle 1874
*
fusil d'infanterie de 11 mm Gras modèle 1866-74
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry)
The lozenge in heraldry is a diamond-shaped rhombus charge (an object that can be placed on the field of the shield), usually somewhat narrower than it i ...
*
fusil d'infanterie de 11 mm Gras modèle 1874
*
fusil d'infanterie de 11 mm Gras modèle 1866-74 M80
*
fusil d'infanterie de 11 mm Gras modèle 1874 M80
*
fusil d'infanterie modèle 1874 M80 M14
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 8 mm modèle 1886 Lebel
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 8 mm modèle 1886/93, Lebel
*
Fusil de 8 mm modèle 1886 M93 de tireur d'élite
*
Mousqueton de cavalerie modèle 1890
*
Carabine de cuirassier 1890
*
Carabine de gendarmerie 1890
*
Mousqueton d’artillerie modèle 1892
*
Mousqueton d’artillerie modèle 1892 M16
*
Revolver de 8 mm modèle 1892
*
Canon de 75 Modèle 1897
The French 75 mm field gun was a quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898. Its official French designation was: Matériel de 75mm Mle 1897. It was commonly known as the French 75, simply the 75 and Soixante-Quinze (French ...
*
Fusil de 8 mm de tirailleurs indochinois modèle 1902, Berthier
*
Fusil de 8 mm de tirailleurs sénégalais modèle 1907, Berthier
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 8 mm modèle 07/15, Berthier
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 8 mm modèle 07/15 M16, Berthier
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 8 mm modèle 1916, Berthier
*
Fusil Automatique modèle 1917
The ''Fusil Automatique Modèle 1917'' ("Model 1917 Automatic Rifle"), also called the RSC M1917, was a gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle placed into service by the French Army during the latter part of World War I. It was chambered in 8mm Lebe ...
*
fusil semi automatique de 8 mm RSC modèle 1918
*
Pistolet mitrailleur de 9 mm MAS modèle 1924
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 7,5 mm modèle 07-15 M34
*
Mousqueton d'artillerie de 8 mm modèle 1916
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 7,5 mm modèle 1886 M93 M27
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light Flintlock#Muskets, flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry), a heraldic ordinary similar to a lozenge
*Gerald Fusil, creator of the Raid Gauloises adventure race
{{disambig ...
*
Mousqueton de cavalerie de 8 mm modèle 1886 M93 R35
*
Fusil d'infanterie de 7,5 mm modèle MAS 36
*
Pistolet mitrailleur de 7,65 mm modèle 1938
*
Pistolet automatique de 7,65 mm long modèle 1935 S
*
Fusil de 7,5 mm modèle MAS 36 CR 39
*
Fusil d'entraînement MAS 36 de 5,5mm (.22 LR)
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry)
The lozenge in heraldry is a diamond-shaped rhombus charge (an object that can be placed on the field of the shield), usually somewhat narrower than it i ...
*
Fusil d'entraînement MAS 45 de 5,5mm (.22 LR)
*
Carabine semi automatique de 5,5mm, 1946 (.22 LR)
*
Fusil juxtaposé MAS calibre 12, 1946
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light Flintlock#Muskets, flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry), a heraldic ordinary similar to a lozenge
*Gerald Fusil, creator of the Raid Gauloises adventure race
{{disambig ...
*
Carabine MAS 7×57mm, 1946
A carbine ( or ) is a long gun that has a gun barrel, barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridge (firearms), cartridg ...
*
Carabine MAS 10,75×68mm, 1946
*
Carabine MAS 8×60mm, 1946
*
Carabine MAS-Fournier 7×54mm, 1947
A carbine ( or ) is a long gun that has a gun barrel, barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridge (firearms), cartridg ...
*
Fusil semi automatique MAS 40
*
Fusil semi automatique MAS 44
*
Fusil semi automatique MAS 49
*
Carabine Mitrailleuse de 7,65 mm MAS modèle 1948
A carbine ( or ) is a long gun that has a gun barrel, barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridge (firearms), cartridg ...
*
Carabine Mitrailleuse de 7,65 mm MAS modèle 1949
*
Carabine Mitrailleuse de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1949
*
Carabine Mitrailleuse de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1950
*
Carabine Mitrailleuse de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1951
*
Pistolet mitrailleur de 9 mm MAS modèle 1948
*
Fusil de 7,5mm modèle MAS 36 LG 48
*
Fusil à répétition MAS modèle 36 modifié 51
*
Pistolet automatique modèle 1950
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,5 mm MAS modèle 1951
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,5 mm MAS modèle 1952
*
Arme Automatique modèle AA-52
*
Arme Automatique modèle AA NF1 de 7,62 mm
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1952
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,5 mm MAS modèle 1952, Bullpup
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light Flintlock#Muskets, flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry), a heraldic ordinary similar to a lozenge
*Gerald Fusil, creator of the Raid Gauloises adventure race
{{disambig ...
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1952
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1953
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1953, Bullpup
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light Flintlock#Muskets, flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry), a heraldic ordinary similar to a lozenge
*Gerald Fusil, creator of the Raid Gauloises adventure race
{{disambig ...
*
Fusil Mitrailleur de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1953
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry)
The lozenge in heraldry is a diamond-shaped rhombus charge (an object that can be placed on the field of the shield), usually somewhat narrower than it i ...
*
Fusil Automatique MAS 54 A, B & C
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1954
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1954, Bullpup
*
Fusil Mitrailleur de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1954
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1955
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1955, Bullpup
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1955
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1956
*
Fusil semi automatique MAS 49/56
*
MAC-58
The MAC-58 was a version of the French AA-52 machine gun using .50 BMG instead of 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges. A few prototypes were tested and one was retained for pre-serial production, but it never reached mass production due to the large qu ...
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle 1958
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS A.P. modèle 1959
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS A.P. modèle 1959 type P.M
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS A.P. modèle 1959 type F.M
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS A.P. modèle 1960
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light Flintlock#Muskets, flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry), a heraldic ordinary similar to a lozenge
*Gerald Fusil, creator of the Raid Gauloises adventure race
{{disambig ...
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS A.P. modèle 1961
*
Fusil Automatique de 7,62 mm MAS modèle T 62
*
Fusil a répétition de précision FR-F1
*
Fusil Automatique Heckler & Koch G3
*
Fusil Automatique Heckler & Koch HK 33 F
*
Fusil Automatique Tritube de 5,56mm
Fusil may refer to:
*Fusil, a light flintlock musket used by a fusilier
*Fusil (heraldry)
The lozenge in heraldry is a diamond-shaped rhombus charge (an object that can be placed on the field of the shield), usually somewhat narrower than it i ...
*
Fusil a répétition de précision FR_F2
*
Pistolet automatique MAS modèle G1
*
Fusil d'entraînement FA MAS à plomb de 4,5mm (.177)
*
Fusil semi automatique cal. 223 Remington, FA MAS
*
Fusil semi automatique cal. 222 Remington, FA MAS
*
Fusil automatique de 5,56 mm modèle F1, FA MAS
*
Fusil automatique de 5,56 mm modèle G1, FA MAS
*
Fusil automatique de 5,56 mm modèle G2, FA MAS
*
Fusil automatique de 5,56 mm modèle FELIN V1, FA MAS
*
Fusil automatique de 5,56 mm modèle FELIN V2, FA MAS
*
PAPOP, Poly Arme, Poly Projectile, 35mm/ 5,56mm, French ACR
*
Pistolet mitrailleur de 9 mm HK MP5 F
See also
*
Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault
The ''Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault'' ("Châtellerault Weapons Factory"), often abbreviated to MAC, was a French state-owned weapons manufacturer in the town of Châtellerault, Vienne. It was created by a royal decree of 14 July 1819 ...
*
Manufacture d´armes de Bayonne
*
Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Tulle
The ''Manufacture Nationale d’Armes de Tulle'', often abbreviated to MAT ("Tulle National Weapons Factory" in English) was a French state-owned weapons manufacturer in the town of Tulle, Corrèze. Founded in 1690, it was absorbed into the Frenc ...
Sources
* Danel, Raymond and Cuny, Jean. ''L'aviation française de bombardement et de renseignement (1918/1940)'', Docavia n°12, Editions Larivière.
* De Vries, G. and Martens, B.J. ''The MKb 42, MP43, MP44 and the Sturmgewehr 44'', Propaganda Photo Series, Volume IV, Special Interest Publicaties BV, Arnhem, The Netherlands, First Edition, 2001.
* Ezell, Edward Clinton. ''Small Arms of the World'', Arms & Armour Press, London, 1977, Eleventh edition.
* Ferrard, Stéphane. ''France 1940 l'armement terrestre'', ETAI, 1998.
* Gotz, Hans Dieter. ''German Military Rifles and Machine Pistols, 1871-1945'', Schiffer Publishing, West Chester, Pennsylvania, 1990.
* Huon, Jean. ''Les fusils d'assaut français'', Editions Barnett, 1998. .
* Pelletier, Alain. ''French Fighters of World War II'', Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas, 2002.
* Smith, W.H.B. ''Small Arms of the World : The Basic Manual of Military Small Arms'', Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pa., 1955.
* Wollert, Günter; Lidschun, Reiner; Kopenhagen, Wilfried. ''Illustrierte Enzyklopädie der Schützenwaffen aus aller Welt: Schützenwaffen heute (1945–1985)'', Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin, 1988.
* Deutsches Waffen Journal
* Visier
* Schweizer Waffen Magazin
* Internationales Waffen Magazin
* Cibles
* AMI
* Gazette des Armes
* Action Guns
* Guns & Ammo
* American Handgunner
* SWAT Magazine
* Diana Armi
* Armi & Tiro
Notes
#''"French autoloading rifles. 1898-1979 (Proud promise)'', by Jean Huon, 1995, Collector Grade Publications. . This volume ( in English )contains a detailed technical chapter describing the Lebel rifle and its ammunition. This volume primarily describes all French semi-automatic rifles since 1898, notably the Mle 1917 and Mle 1918 semi-automatic rifles, the Meunier (A6) rifle as well as the MAS 38-40 to MAS49 and 49/56 series.
#''"La Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Châtellerault(1819-1968)"'', Claude Lombard, 1987, Brissaud,162 Grande Rue, Poitiers, . This illustrated volume ( in French ) contains the production statistics for the Lebel rifle as well as complete technical accounts on the Gras, Kropatschek, Lebel and Berthier weapons and how they came to be designed and manufactured. This is regarded as the fundamental research volume on the subject. The author is a retired armament engineer who spent most of his career at Châtellerault and had full access to all the archives and the prototypes.
#''"Military rifle and machine gun cartridges"'', Jean Huon, 1988, Ironside International Publishers, Alexandria, VA, . This volume (in English) provides a detailed description of all the types of 8 mm Lebel ammunition, including the Balle D (a.m.). The 7 X 59 mm Meunier cartridge ( for the semi-automatic A6 Meunier rifle ) is also illustrated and described in detail.
#''"Standard Catalog of Military Firearms"'', Ned Schwing, 2003, Krause Publications, . Contains an informative and detailed page dedicated to the Lebel rifle (by David Fortier).
#''"The Chauchat Machine Rifle (Honour Bound) '', Gerard Demaison and Yves Buffetaut, 1995, Collector Grade Publications, , The 10 pages illustrated appendix at the end of this volume ( in English) exhaustively describes all the 8 mm Lebel ball ammunition types, plus the less well-known blank, tracer, armor-piercing, incendiary, dummy and proof rounds. This appendix was documented and authored by internationally known cartridge expert Dr Ph. Regenstreif.
#''Bolt Action Rifles'', Frank de Haas and Wayne Van Zwoll, 2003, Krause Publications, . An illustrated chapter in this volume reviews in depth the Lebel and Berthier rifles (and carbines).
External links
* http://armesfrancaises.free.fr/sommaire.html (in French), one of the best sites related to French small arms
Buddy Hinton MAS 44 MAS 49 Mas 49/56 Photo Collection Buddy Hinton FAMAS Photo Collection / World's Largest Revolver MAS 1873
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manufacture D'Armes De Saint-Etienne
Defence companies of France
Firearm manufacturers of France
Organizations based in Saint-Étienne
Monuments historiques of Loire (department)
Nexter Systems