Dom Dom or DOM may refer to: People and fictional characters * Dom (given name), including fictional characters * Dom (surname) * Dom La Nena (born 1989), stage name of Brazilian-born cellist, singer and songwriter Dominique Pinto * Dom people, an et ...

Manuel de Moura Corte-Real, 2nd Marquis of Castel Rodrigo, (Archaic Portuguese: ''Manoel de Moura e Côrte-Real''), (1590 – 28 January 1651), was

Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands The governor ( nl, landvoogd) or governor-general () of the Habsburg Netherlands was a representative appointed by the Holy Roman emperor (1504-1556), the king of Spain (1556-1598, 1621-1706), and the archduke of Austria (1716-1794), to administ ...

from 1644 to 1647.

Life

Manuel de Moura e Corte Real was the second of three marquises named Castelo Rodrigo. Although the family served the

King of ''King Of...'' is a British comedy panel show that aired on Channel 4 from 17 June to 8 July 2011 and hosted by Claudia Winkleman Claudia Anne Irena Winkleman (born 15 January 1972) is an English television presenter, radio personality, fi ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

, it was

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

and its roots were in

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

. His father's family traced its origin to the reconquest of Moura (

Alentejo Alentejo ( , ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond () the Tagus river" (''Tejo''). Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alent ...

, Portugal) from the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

, during the

Reconquista The ' (Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid ...

in 1165, but its fortune was established in the late sixteenth century, when Cristóvão de Moura (1528–1613), the first Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo backed the claims of the Spanish king,

Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...

, to the throne of

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

in the

1580 Portuguese succession crisis The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 ( pt, Crise de sucessão de 1580) came about as a result of the deaths of young King Sebastian I of Portugal in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578 and his successor and great-uncle Henry I in 1580. As ...

that led to the

Iberian Union pt, União Ibérica , conventional_long_name =Iberian Union , common_name = , year_start = 1580 , date_start = 25 August , life_span = 1580–1640 , event_start = War of the Portuguese Succession , event_end = Portuguese Restoration War , ...

. His mother was the head of the

Corte-Real family The Corte-Real (also Côrte-Real and Corte Real) are a Portuguese family of noble origins in the 14th century, originating in Tavira. The family is famous for its involvement in the Portuguese discoveries during the Age of Exploration, in the 1 ...

. Manuel de Moura e Corte Real married Leonor de Melo. His oldest surviving son and heir, Francisco de Moura, destined to become the third Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo was born in 1610. Like his father, he eventually became

governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

of the

Southern Netherlands The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, were the parts of the Low Countries belonging to the Holy Roman Empire which were at first largely controlled by Habsburg Spain (Spanish Netherlands, 1556–1714) and later by the A ...

. Manuel entered the service of the Habsburg crown in 1615 as Gentleman of the Chamber of the future

Philip III of Portugal Philip IV ( es, Felipe, pt, Filipe; 8 April 160517 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: ''Rey Planeta''), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered f ...

. When the prince succeeded to the throne as Philip IV in 1621, Castelo Rodrigo was kept on the sidelines by his jealous rival

Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, 1st Duke of Sanlúcar, 3rd Count of Olivares, GE, known as the Count-Duke of Olivares (taken by joining both his countship and subsequent dukedom) (6 January 1587 – 22 July 1645), was a Spanish royal favourit ...

, still insecure in his position as favorite. Castelo Rodrigo was transferred back to Lisbon to arm a fleet in 1627, but was recalled to court temporarily in 1630, when Olivares decided to put his rival to use in the service of Habsburg diplomacy. Castelo Rodrigo was appointed ambassador to

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, where he was a patron to Borromini and the sculptor

François Duquesnoy François Duquesnoy or Frans Duquesnoy (12 January 1597 – 18 July 1643) was a Flanders, Flemish Baroque sculptor who was active in Rome for most of his career. His idealized representations are often contrasted with the more emotional character ...

. Castelo Rodrigo's embassy came to an end with the revolt of Portugal in December 1640. He remained unswervingly loyal to the Spanish Habsburg crown, suffering extensive losses of family lands in Portugal, Even so, it was impolitic to have a Portuguese serving as a Spanish ambassador during the revolt, and Olivares was not completely sure of Castelo Rodrigo's loyalty. In 1642, he was sent to

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, where he served until May 1644. From June 1644 he served in Brussels as adjunct governor of the Netherlands. He worked for the cause of peace between the United Provinces and

, and was instrumental in the preliminary negotiations which set in motion the peace conference of

Münster Münster (; nds, Mönster) is an independent city (''Kreisfreie Stadt'') in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also a state distr ...

. He served as Philip IV's trusted minister until his recall in 1647. Castelo Rodrigo arrived in Madrid on 14 January 1648, where he is recorded in 1649 in the position of

Mayordomo mayor {{short description, High Steward of Spain The Mayordomo mayor (High Steward) was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the person and rooms of the King of Spain. The Office of “Mayordomo mayor” wa ...

in the royal palace. A portrait formerly ascribed to Velázquez shows him bearing his age with dignity . He died in Madrid in 1651 at the age of 61.

Sources

* * * * * * Santiago Martínez Hernández, "Aristocracia y anti-olivarismo: el proceso al marqués de Castelo Rodrigo, embajador en Roma, por sodomía y traición (1634-1635)", in: José Martínez Millán, Manuel Rivero Rodríguez and Gijs Versteegen (edd.), ''La Corte en Europa: Política y Religión (siglos XVI-XVIII)'', Ediciones Polifemo, Madrid 2012, vol. II, pp. 1147–1196. * David García Cueto, "Mecenazgo y representación del marqués de Castel Rodrigo durante su embajada en Roma", in: ''Roma y España, un crisol de la cultura europea en la Edad Moderna'', edited by Carlos José Hernando Sánchez, SEACEX, Madrid 2007, Vol. 2, 2007, pp. 695–716. * Joseph Connors, “Borromini and the Marchese di Castel Rodrigo,” in ''The Burlington Magazine'', 133, 1991, pp. 434-440. * Joseph Connors, "The Portuguese Genealogy of Wenceslas Hollar and the Lost Lisbon Monuments by François Duquesnoy", in ''Print quarterly'', 36, 2019, pp. 17-30.

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moura, Manuel de 1590 births 1651 deaths Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands Manuel 02 Knights of the Order of Alcántara Knights of the Military Order of Christ Portuguese diplomats Ambassadors of Spain to Austria Spanish people of the Eighty Years' War 17th-century Portuguese people Moura Manuel Portuguese nobility