Manuel Miguel de Lardizábal y Uribe (23 December 1739–25 December 1820) was a

Novohispanic New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Amer ...

penologist Penology (from "penal", Latin '' poena'', "punishment" and the Greek suffix ''-logia'', "study of") is a sub-component of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice of various societies in their attempts to repress criminal activities ...

who was an academician of the Real Academia Española de la Lengua from 1775 to 1820. He seems to have been the successor to chair ''C'' of his father in law, Academician from 1746 to 1775 Francisco Antonio de Angulo. King

Charles III of Spain it, Carlo Sebastiano di Borbone e Farnese , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Philip V of Spain , mother = Elisabeth Farnese , birth_date = 20 January 1716 , birth_place = Royal Alcazar of Madrid, Spain , death_d ...

tried in 1764 to bring back a law of 1734 by his father King

Philip V of Spain Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724, and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746. His total reign of 45 years is the longest in the history of the Spanish mon ...

whereby even thieves operating in Madrid could be tried and executed even if no murder was involved in the thieving. The royal council pointed out to him that either victims or witnesses would default collaboration with Justice by the general popular feeling that the punishment could be disproportionate with people robbing only money, jewels, etc. while saving the lives of the persons being robbed. The King was thus obliged to keep his ideas on public order to himself and/or educated listeners. Further, lawyer Acevedo published in 1770 a dissertation against torture, as being in conflict with Nature Rights and public decency within the Social Body. The lawyer politician from

Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...

Manuel de Roda Manuel de Roda y Arrieta (5 February 1708 – 30 August 1782) was a Spanish diplomat and politician. He was Ambassador in Rome under King Ferdinand VI of Spain and then nominated by King Charles III of Spain, half-brother of Ferdinand VI and for ...

y Arrieta, managed to get Charles III and his Royal Council deliberating around changes into the Penal Legislation, whereby capital punishment and/or extensive terms rotting in prisons could better be modified to convicts performing useful works needed by the public interest. These moves, prior to 1776, where the king and his royal council echoed letters of intent dated 1776 through reflections on the significant works by

Cesare Beccaria Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (; 15 March 173828 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist and politician, who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age ...

, brought about the publication in 1782 by Manuel de Lardizábal of his ''Discurso sobre las penas contrahido a las leyes criminales de España para facilitar su reforma''. He cites Frenchman

Montesquieu Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (; ; 18 January 168910 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher. He is the principa ...

, Guillaume-François Le Trosne, with his ''Réflexions sur la réforme de la legislation universelle'', :fr:Guillaume-François Le Trosne the German

Samuel von Pufendorf Samuel Freiherr von Pufendorf (8 January 1632 – 26 October 1694) was a German jurist, political philosopher, economist and historian. He was born Samuel Pufendorf and ennobled in 1694; he was made a baron by Charles XI of Sweden a few months b ...

, the Dutch

Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius (; 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot () and Hugo de Groot (), was a Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian, jurist, poet and playwright. A teenage intellectual prodigy, he was born in Delft ...

, the Italian Beccaria, and the reflections on the degradation applying torture of the Frenchman

Joseph Michel Antoine Servan Joseph Michel Antoine Servan (November 3, 1737 – 1807) was a French publicist and lawyer. He was born at Romans (Dauphiné). After studying law he was appointed ''avocat-general'' at the '' parlement'' of Grenoble at the age of twenty-seven. In ...

References

*https://web.archive.org/web/20080526002202/http://www.euskosare.org/komunitateak/ikertzaileak/ehmg_2_mintegia/txostenak/miguel_lardizabal_uribe/ *María Cristina Torales Pacheco, (Univ. Interamericana, México): ''"Los vascos en la Nueva España del siglo XVIII"'', en Boletín de la Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País, España XLIX, 1993, p. 81–97. *María Cristina Torales Pacheco, (Univ. Interamericana, México): ''"Ilustrados en la Nueva España, los socios de la Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País, (abrev. RSBAP), México"'', - Colegio de San Ignacio Loyola-UIA; 2001, 517 pp. *Carlos Gonzalez Echegaray. "''Miguel de Lardizábal, Diputado por Indias y Regente de España”'', en Los Vascos en la Hispanidad, Bilbao, Diputación de Vizcaya, 1964, p. 103–109. *Cesare Beccaria, ''Dei delitti e delle pene'', Fondo de Cultura Económica Ed., 328 pages, , (2007), Mexico. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lardizabal y Uribe, Manuel de 1744 births 1820 deaths Philosophers of law Writers from Tlaxcala Members of the Royal Spanish Academy 18th-century Spanish writers 18th-century male writers 18th-century Mexican writers