Manuel Arturo Izquierdo Peña is a Colombian

anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...

who has contributed to the knowledge of the

Muisca The Muisca (also called Chibcha) are an indigenous people and culture of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia, that formed the Muisca Confederation before the Spanish conquest. The people spoke Muysccubun, a language of the Chibchan langu ...

and other pre-Columbian cultures, among others San Agustín, Colombia. His main work has been on

archaeoastronomy Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy) is the interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky, how they used these phenomena and what role the sky played in their cultur ...

of the

Muisca calendar The Muisca calendar was a lunisolar calendar used by the Muisca. The calendar was composed of a complex combination of months and three types of years were used; rural years (according to Pedro Simón, Chibcha: ''chocan''), holy years (Duquesne, Sp ...

Biography

Izquierdo Peña obtained his degree in anthropology from the

Universidad Nacional de Colombia The National University of Colombia () is a national public research university in Colombia, with general campuses in Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales and Palmira, and satellite campuses in Leticia, San Andrés, Arauca, Tumaco, and La Paz, Ces ...

in 1997Curriculum Vitae Manuel Arturo Izquierdo Peña
/ref> and published his thesis titled ''Prospección arqueoastronómica en la cultura de San Agustín'' ("Archeoastronomical prospection in the San Agustín culture") in 1998. In 2008 he published his MSc. thesis at the

Université de Montréal The Université de Montréal (UdeM; ; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte-de ...

titled ''The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia'' in which he analyzed the Muisca calendar, a complex

lunisolar calendar A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures, combining lunar calendars and solar calendars. The date of Lunisolar calendars therefore indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar year, that is the position of the Sun in the Ea ...

used by the Muisca of the

Altiplano Cundiboyacense The Altiplano Cundiboyacense () is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Alti ...

.Izquierdo Peña, 2009 In this publication and later workIzquierdo Peña, 2014 Izquierdo Peña analyzed the work by

Muisca scholars The Muisca (also called Chibcha) are an indigenous people and culture of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia, that formed the Muisca Confederation before the Spanish conquest. The people spoke Muysccubun, a language of the Chibchan langu ...

José Domingo Duquesne José Domingo Duquesne ( Bogotá, 23 February 1748 - idem, 30 August 1822) was a Colombian clergyman, theologist, scientist and writer. Polyglot Duquesne spoke Spanish, French, Latin, Greek, Italian and Chibcha.Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, p ...

, Vicente Restrepo and

Pedro Simón ''Fray'' Pedro Simón ( San Lorenzo de la Parrilla, Spain, 1574 - Ubaté, New Kingdom of Granada, ca. 1628) was a Spanish franciscan friar, professor and chronicler of the indigenous peoples of modern day Colombia and Venezuela, at the time for ...

on the Muisca calendar. He also described the Choachí Stone, a rock art pice found in the village of

Choachí Choachí is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Eastern Province of the department of Cundinamarca. The municipality borders La Calera in the north, Ubaque in the south, in the east Fómeque and westward of Choachí is the Colombian cap ...

in the 1940s that functioned as a calculator for the use of the complex calendar.Izquierdo Peña, 2014, 1:09:00

Publications

* 2014 - ''Calendario Muisca'' ("Muisca calendar") * 2009 - ''The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia'' * 2001 - ''Astronomia para Todos'' ("Astronomy for everyone") * 2000 - ''Arqueoastronomia en Colombia'' ("Archeoastronomy in Colombia") * 1999 - ''Los Astrónomos de Piedra'' ("The rocky astronomers") * 1998 - ''Sistema de simulacion de Paisajes para Arqueoastronomia'' ("Simulation system of landscapes for archeoastronomy")

Liborio Zerda Liborio Zerda ( Bogotá, Republic of New Granada, 10 July 1834 (other sources state 1830 or 1833)José Domingo Duquesne José Domingo Duquesne ( Bogotá, 23 February 1748 - idem, 30 August 1822) was a Colombian clergyman, theologist, scientist and writer. Polyglot Duquesne spoke Spanish, French, Latin, Greek, Italian and Chibcha.Colombian astronomers Colombian anthropologists 21st-century anthropologists Archaeoastronomers Muisca scholars Living people National University of Colombia alumni Université de Montréal alumni Year of birth missing (living people)

Biography

Publications

See also