Manticora (beetle)

''Manticora'' (often misspelled ''Mantichora'' (Latin term for "manticore") following an unjustified spelling change in 1837) is a genus of tiger beetles that is endemic to Africa. Its members are the largest of the family. All species are darkly colored and flightless. Males usually have exaggerated mandibles compared to the females, used for clasping during copulation.

Taxonomy

This genus was among the first formally described by a pupil of Carl Linnaeus, Johan Christian Fabricius, in 1781. The name ''Manticora'' comes from the ancient Persian for the legendary man-eating manticore. The first species of ''Manticora'' described was '' M. tuberculata'', originally described by Charles De Geer in 1778 in the Linnean genus ''Carabus'', to which it is only distantly related as presently defined. When Fabricius established ''Manticora'' he designated the species ''Manticora maxillosa'', a junior synonym of ''M. tuberculata'', as the type species.

Subsequently, numerous authors have described a number of additional species, subspecies, and variants, and the exact delimitation of taxa is highly disputed, with experts claiming as few as five species and as many as 13, though it seems the latter number is highly artificial, and not based upon objective criteria or DNA analyses.South African National Biodiversity Institute: assessment of ''Manticora'' conservation status
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Species

''Manticora'' contains the following species (under the most ambitious scheme; alternative classifications only recognize as few as 5 taxa):

* '' Manticora congoensis'' Péringuey, 1888 (the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola)
* '' Manticora gruti'' Boucard, 1892 (Namibia)
* '' Manticora holubi'' Mareš, 2002 (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia)
* '' Manticora hrdyi'' Mares, 2019 (Zambia)
* '' Manticora imperator'' Mares, 1976 (Angola, Zambia, and Botswana)
* ''Manticora latipennis'' Waterhouse, 1837 (Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa)
* ''Manticora livingstoni'' Laporte, 1863 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Botswana, and Namibia)
* ''Manticora mygaloides'' J.Thomson, 1857 (Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa)
* ''Manticora scabra'' Klug, 1849 (Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa)
* '' Manticora sichelii'' J.Thomson, 1857 (Angola, Botswana, and South Africa)
* ''Manticora skrabali'' Mares, 2000 (Namibia and South Africa)
* ''Manticora tibialis'' Boheman, 1848 (Botswana and South Africa)
* '' Manticora tuberculata'' (DeGeer, 1778) (South Africa)
* ''Manticora tyrannus'' Mares, 2019 (Zambia)
* ''Manticora werneri'' Mares, 2000 (Namibia and South Africa)

Manticoras in folklore and popular culture

In African folklore manticoras are evil creatures, often accused of being responsible for many bad things. According to legend they are doombringers. Some tribes even personify Death as a manticora whose mandibles are an equivalent to the European scythe of death (Mareš, Lapáček, 1980).

In Jules Verne's novel ''Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen'', it is a Manticora beetle which helps Cousin Bénédict to escape from imprisonment, when the aforementioned, unguarded in a garden, follows the beetle. Since the beetle escapes from him by flying, it is possible that it is one of Verne's "scholar's jokes" (that is, a joke which only a scientist may recognize; see the entry Jules Verne) (Neff, 1978).

See also

*Manticore

References

(Beetles of Africa)


(BioLib, Biological Library, a link to a page upon the Manticora genus
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* Ing Jaroslav Mareš, Vlastimil Lapáček, ''Nejkrásnější brouci tropů'' ''(The most beautiful tropical beetles)'', Prague, (1980)
* Ondřej Neff, ''Podivuhodný svět Julese Vernea'' ''(The Extraordinary World of Jules Verne)'', Prague, (1978)
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Cicindelidae
Beetles of Africa