Mangkunegara II, also known as Prince Adipati Prangwedana I, Prince Surya Mataram, Prince Surya Mangkubumi, (born Bendara Raden Mas Sulama, 5 January 1768 – 17 January 1836) was the second ruler of

Mangkunegaran The Duchy of Mangkunegaran ( id, Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) is a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia. It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in F ...

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

in the eighteenth century who succeeded to the throne of his grandfather, Mangkunegara I. His reign lasted from 1796 to 1835. Mangkunegara II was the son of

Crown Prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wi ...

Arya Prabumijaya I, who was the son of Mangkunegara I. Upon his death in 1835, he was the last

male Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to ...

descendant Prince Sambernyawa to be named the

Duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are rank ...

Family

Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara II came from Prabumijaya I family, born to

Arya Prabumijaya I and

Princess Princess is a regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a king or prince. Princess as a subs ...

Alit. He was a grandson of both Mangkunegara I and Pakubuwana III, paternally and maternally respectively. This dynasty had a tradition of being strongly militaristic. He became Duke in Mangkunegaran, replacing his grandfather who had died in 1795. As a youth in the care of his grandfather, Mangkunegara I had been prepared for the succession to the royal throne which had been diverted from his father Crown Prince Arya Prabumijaya I who died before his father Mangkunegara I. Boundary disputes with neighboring areas increased tensions which led to open warfare. With the experiences of his youth in the direct care of his grandfather, Mangkunegara II subsequently grew to become a leader in the legendary style of his grandfather. He was the last ruler of

from

Patrilineal Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritan ...

descendant of Mangkunegara I.

Government

While Mangkunegara II was ruler in the Duchy of

, his administration was preoccupied with war and territorial expansion. Mangkunegara's administration tended to be active and expansive. It played a role in dealing with the

colonial power Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...

and relations with the other powers in Java.

Expanding the empire

During the reign of Mangkunegara II,

expanded from 4,000 to 5,500 households. In the year 1808, the

Legion Mangkunegaran Legiun Mangkunegaran was an Army corps in Java, Indonesia. It originated in 1757 as the court army of Prince Sambernyawa of Mangkunegaran. After colonisation of Java by the Netherlands it was reorganised by Herman Willem Daendels and Mangkunegara I ...

was formed with 1,150 armed personnel to strengthen the position of

. The use of the word "Legion" for the army reflects the

absorption of new ideas from Europe through

Daendels Herman Willem Daendels (21 October 1762 – 2 May 1818) was a Dutch revolutionary, general and politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811. Early life Born in Hattem, Netherlands, on 21 Octobe ...

, who served as Governor-General in Dutch East Indies.

Regions

The Duchy of

administration consisted of regions which include Malangjiwan,

Wonogiri Wonogiri Regency is a regency () in the southeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,822.36 km2, and its population was 928,904 at the 2010 Census and 1,096,138 at the 2020 Census. The capital and largest t ...

and Karanganyar.

Mediate Conflict In Yogyakarta

Power situation beginning Java, 1800

Government Mangkunegara II experienced success in reducing conflict in Yogyakarta as well as forming a new government in Yogyakarta that was called the Duchy of Pakualaman. Territory taken from

Yogyakarta Sultanate The Sultanate of Yogyakarta ( jv, ꦏꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦡꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀, Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat ; ) is a Javanese monarchy in Yogyakarta Special Region, in the Republic o ...

, the first Duke of the Duchy, Prince Natakusuma was appointed

Paku Alam I Paku Alam I, originally known as Natakusuma, was the first Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman, rewarded for helping the British quell conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. Pakualaman became a small hereditary Duchy within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, ...

with the title Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya on March 13, 1813. During the reign of Mangkunegara II, Sultan who reigned in Yogyakarta was

Hamengkubuwono II Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro, was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810, 1811–12Daendels stood down HBII in favour of his son Hamengkubuwono III and fina ...

. Sultan of Yogyakarta in his government experienced coup attempt from foreigners, so the government of

became full of tension and conflict. Yogyakarta was less ready in read-century changes involving foreign powers / Europe on the island of Java, which is different from

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...

in Java.

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

ruling authorities could play a role as the conquests of the ruling power.

serving ruler of Java as a strategy to obtain the desired destination. In 1807

came to fix administrative Java and Java and the archipelago with such new rules to the authorities particularly local authorities including the kings of Java.

Pakubuwana IV Pakubuwono IV (also transliterated Pakubuwana IV) (31 August 1768 – 1 October 1820) was the fourth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, ...

from Surakarta, who had refused but quickly read the situation and accepted it.

quickly read the changing times and responded immediately to partnering

with the establishment of modern and well trained Armed Forces

was too late in reading the changes so accepted the risk of deterioration of the Kingdom.

European powers in Java

In contrast to the

, European powers who came in 1800 the military as it has the coercive power of the same pembangkangan. Sama from Europe, the European powers who came were the Revolutionary forces, always ready to fight-fighter. In the Sultan's Palace fragmented situation in the group broke down the strength of each one with a lainnya. Ada group Natakusuma with his son Natadiningrat group in addition to Crown Prince (candidate

Hamengkubuwono III Hamengkubuwono III (also spelled Hamengkubuwana III, February 20, 1769 – November 3, 1814) was the third sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 1810 to 1811 and from 1812 to 1814. His eldest son was Diponegoro, and his son and successor Hamengkub ...

) by Captain Yogyakarta region namely China

Tan Jiem Sing Tan or TAN may refer to: Businesses and organisations * Black and Tans, a nickname for British special constables during the Irish War of Independence. By extension "Tans" can now also colloquially refer to English or British people in general, es ...

(later titled Tumenggung Secadiningrat). One more is the group that because of his position Patih Danurejo a compromise between the Sultan and the Governor

then required a governor to serve two interests of rulers; Sultanate and the Governor of the Netherlands. The conflict between groups that invited the government in Batavia fell into the area with his army.

European Intervention in Java

In the two periods of the Governor-General (

and Raffles), Yogyakarta suppressed with military force to compel

from the throne. In December 1810 Daendels with troops, 4200 soldiers stormed Yogyakarta. Daendels removed

and then raised the son of the Crown of Yogyakarta as

and returned to Batavia with the Prince Natakusuma as Tawana. Pada month replacement in July 1812 with 2,000 soldiers stormed the Raffles Yogyakarta. At the same time-Sepehi Gurkha Soldiers who came to Java with the British plan involved a rebellion against British rule because of circulating rumors that they will be sold to the Netherlands and they abandoned

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

so as to enlarge the number of troops hit Yogyakarta then Raffles contacting their Prince Prangwadana of

to exert Legion Mangkunegaran back up troops Natakusuma. The strength of Europe who came to Java is the force that can compel because it comes with a very memadai. Terhadap combat forces that extend the power were not reluctant to act tough even if they have to dissolve the authority and traditional rulers in

. The first victim with the advent of

Banten Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Ja ...

. By

Sultanate Banten dissolved.

Destabilization of the Sultan's Palace

At the time, Raffles ruled

and replaced Janssens, Sultanate

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...

threatened dibubarkan. Campur Mangkunegaran hands with Legion Mangkunegaran were successful in preventing the dissolution of the Sultanate with the completion of the founding of the Duchy

Paku Alaman The Duchy of Pakualaman ( jv, ꦏꦢꦶꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦦꦏꦸꦮꦭꦩ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀, Kadipatèn Pakualaman; also written Paku Alaman; Dutch-spelling: Pakoe-alaman) is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta.} It was ...

. Solution founding of the Duchy of

is compromised to prevent the emergence of a kingdom with two rulers. Compromise is the perfect solution because there is no accuracy to get rid of

and replace him with Prince Natakusuma and also there is no accuracy to maintain

to get rid of Prince Natakusuma. Examples from the past who managed to defuse conflicts that go on are the division of power. March 17, 1813, Yogyakarta, split into two powers. Along with the division (still, time Raffles)

got an extra entry in his control area.

Compromise Power in Yogyakarta

The power struggle in

ended with Prince Natakusuma inducted as a Paku Alam, who was attended by Mangkunegara II in the inaugural event but this is just the beginning of the role of Paku Alaman in the present conflict in Yogyakarta. Purna already sharing Mataram into two palaces and two Duchys.

References

External links

* Peter Carey, ''The Power of Prophecy:Prince Dipanagara and The End of An Old Older in Java 1785–1855'' * MC.Ricklefs, ''Jogjakarta Under Sultan Mangkubumi'', 1755–1792, History of Java Distribution * MC. Ricklefs, 1991. History of Modern Indonesia (terj.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press * Djumadi, Thojip, Magazines ''LOVE'', Jakarta, March 7, 1982 * Susilantini, Enda., Mumfangati, Titi., Suyami., Concept Central authorship KGPAA.Mangkunegara IV, Project Assessment and Development Centre for Cultural Values, the Directorate of History and Traditional Values, Directorate General of Culture. * Moedjanto, G., 1987, ''The concept of Power of Java: Its application by the Kings of Mataram'', London: Canisius * Purwadi. 2007. ''History Java Kings''. Yogyakarta: Media Studies * Soekanto, Dr.,''About Jogjakarta 1755–1825'' (Treaty Giyanti Dipanegara-War), Djakarta: Mahabharata, Amsterdam, 1952. {{DEFAULTSORT:Mangkunegara 02 Princes of Mangkunegaran 1768 births 1835 deaths People from Surakarta 18th-century Indonesian people 19th-century Indonesian people