''Mangani'' is the name of a fictional species of

great ape The Hominidae (), whose members are known as the great apes or hominids (), are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: '' Pongo'' (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); '' Gorilla'' (the ...

s in the

Tarzan Tarzan (John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional character, a feral child raised in the African jungle by the Mangani great apes; he later experiences civilization, only to reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer. Creat ...

novels of

Edgar Rice Burroughs Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, best known for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in ...

, and of the invented language used by these

ape Apes (collectively Hominoidea ) are a superfamily of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and Europe in prehistory, and counting humans are found global ...

s. In the invented language, ''Mangani'' (meaning "great-ape") is the apes' word for their own kind, although the term is also applied (with modifications) to

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

s. The Mangani are represented as the apes who foster and raise Tarzan.

As a species of ape

The ''Mangani'' are described by Burroughs as approximately man-sized, and appear to be a species intermediate between

gorilla Gorillas are primarily herbivorous, terrestrial great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa. The genus ''Gorilla'' is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, and either four or five su ...

s and

chimpanzee The chimpanzee (; ''Pan troglodytes''), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of Hominidae, great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close rel ...

s. He also described them as “man-like apes which the natives of the Gobi speak of in whispers; but which no white man ever had seen efore Tarzan�� (''

Jungle Tales of Tarzan ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' is a collection of twelve loosely connected short stories by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, comprising the sixth book in order of publication in his Tarzan (book series), series of twenty-four books about the ti ...

'': "The Battle for Teeka") implying a connection to the Almas or

Yeti The Yeti ()"Yeti"
. ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. is an ape-like creature purported t ...

. There have been several attempts to identify the fictional ''Mangani'' with an actual primate species. Science fiction author

Philip José Farmer Philip José Farmer (January 26, 1918 – February 25, 2009) was an American author known for his science fiction and fantasy fiction, fantasy novels and short story, short stories. Obituary. Farmer is best known for two sequences of novels, t ...

speculated they might be a variety of

australopithecines The australopithecines (), formally Australopithecina or Hominina, are generally any species in the related genera of ''Australopithecus'' and ''Paranthropus''. It may also include members of '' Kenyanthropus'', '' Ardipithecus'', and '' Praean ...

such as ''

Australopithecus ''Australopithecus'' (, ; or (, ) is a genus of early hominins that existed in Africa during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. The genera ''Homo'' (which includes modern humans), ''Paranthropus'', and ''Kenyanthropus'' evolved from some ''Aus ...

'' in his pseudo-biography of Tarzan, '' Tarzan Alive''. Walt Disney Pictures' 1999 animated feature film ''

'', its sequel ''

Tarzan & Jane ''Tarzan & Jane'' is a 2002 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. Released on July 23, 2002, it is a direct-to-video spin-off to the Disney's 1999 animated feature film ''Tarzan'', and uses three then-una ...

''and prequel''

Tarzan II ''Tarzan II'' (also known as ''Tarzan 2'' and ''Tarzan 2: The Legend Begins'') is a 2005 American animated direct-to-video adventure comedy film, and the third Disney's ''Tarzan'' film after '' Tarzan and Jane'', though it chronologically takes ...

'', and the television series '' The Legend of Tarzan'' based on it, portray the apes who raised Tarzan as gorillas, though in the books gorillas, called ''Bolgani'' by the ''Mangani'', are explicitly stated to be a separate species. As described by Burroughs, ''Mangani'' are organized in tribal bands ruled by dominant males, or "kings", which subsist by foraging for fruit, grubs, insects, and sometimes meat, in localized territories. Tribes are generally identified by the names of their kings. Burroughs portrays the ''Mangani'' (and indeed most jungle animals) as susceptible to occasional bouts of madness in which they will lash out violently and unpredictably at other living creatures in their vicinity. Tarzan is raised in the tribe of

Kerchak Kerchak is a fictional ape character in Edgar Rice Burroughs's original '' Tarzan'' novel, '' Tarzan of the Apes'', and in movies and other media based on it. History In the novel ''Tarzan of the Apes'', Kerchak is the "king" of a tribal band of ...

, based in the coastal jungle of equatorial Africa, as shown in ''

Tarzan of the Apes ''Tarzan of the Apes'' is a 1912 novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, and the first in the Tarzan series. The story was first printed in the pulp magazine '' The All-Story'' in October 1912 before being released as a novel in June 191 ...

'' and ''

''. As an adult he comes to lead this tribe; later, he becomes accepted in other tribes of ''Mangani'', such as the tribe of Molak in '' The Beasts of Tarzan''. Tarzan continued to associate occasionally with his original tribe until cast out in ''

Tarzan and the Golden Lion ''Tarzan and the Golden Lion'' is an adventure novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the ninth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The story was first published as a seven part serial in ''Argosy All-St ...

'', as the result of a Tarzan impersonator having murdered one of its members. Altogether, ''Mangani'' appear in 15 of the Tarzan books; the first through seventh (''

'', ''

The Return of Tarzan ''The Return of Tarzan'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the second in his Tarzan (book series), series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The story was first published in the pulp magazine ''New Story Mag ...

'', '' The Beasts of Tarzan'', ''

The Son of Tarzan ''The Son of Tarzan'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the fourth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. It was written between January 21 and May 11, 1915, and first published in the magazine ...

'', '' Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar'', ''

'', ''

Tarzan the Untamed ''Tarzan the Untamed'' is a book by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the seventh in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. It was originally published as two separate stories serialized in different pulp magazine ...

''), the ninth (''

''), the 11th and 12th (''

Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle'' is an American animated series created by the Filmation studio for Saturday mornings on CBS, starting in 1976. This was the first animated series about the jungle hero. There are 36 episodes produced over four seas ...

'', ''

Tarzan and the Lost Empire ''Tarzan and the Lost Empire'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the twelfth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The story was first published as a serial in '' Blue Book Magazine'' from October ...

''), the 14th (''

Tarzan the Invincible ''Tarzan the Invincible'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the fourteenth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine '' Blue Book'' from October, ...

''), the 18th (''

Tarzan and the Leopard Men ''Tarzan and the Leopard Men'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the eighteenth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The story was serialized in ''The Blue Book Magazine'' from August 1932 to Jan ...

''), the 20th (''

Tarzan and the Forbidden City ''Tarzan and the Forbidden City'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the twentieth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. Previous to its publication in book form, it was serialized during 1938 in ...

''), the 23rd (''

Tarzan and the Madman ''Tarzan and the Madman'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the twenty-third in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. Written from January to February 1940, the story was never published in Burroughs ...

''), and the 26th ('' Tarzan: The Lost Adventure'').

Known Mangani tribes

A list of tribal groups of ''Mangani'' and individual named ''Mangani'' associated with them as portrayed in the Tarzan novels follows, together with the titles of the books in which they appear or are referenced. Individuals associated with more than one tribe may be listed more than once. Tribe of Go-lat * Go-lat ("Black-eye") (m.), king – ''

'' * Zu-tag ("Big-neck") (m.) – ''Tarzan the Untamed'' Tribe of Kerchak (later of Tarzan, Terkoz, Karnath, Pagth) * Chulk ("?") (m.) – '' Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar'' * Gazan ("Red-skin") (m.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Gobu ("Black-male") (m.) – ''Tarzan and the Golden Lion'' * Go-yad ("Black-ear") (m.), later of the tribe of Toyat – ''

''; ''

'' * Gozan ("Black-skin") (m.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Gunto ("?-purple") (m.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes''; ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Kala ("Milk-light") (f.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes''; ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Kama ("Milk-child") (f.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Karnath ("?") (m.), king after Tarzan – ''

'' *

("?") (m.), king – ''Tarzan of the Apes''; ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Mamka ("?-milk") (f.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Mumga ("?-red") (f.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Mungo ("?-black") (m.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes'' * Neeta ("Duck-little") (f.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes''; ''Tarzan and the Golden Lion'' * Numgo ("?-black") (m.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Pagth ("?") (m.), king after Karnath – ''Tarzan and the Golden Lion'' * Taglat ("Neck-nose") (m.) – ''Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar'' * Tana ("Warrior-light") (f.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes'' * Taug ("Tall-bottom") (m.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Teeka ("?") (f.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' * Terkoz ("?") (m.), king between Tarzan's stints as king – ''Tarzan of the Apes'' * Thaka ("?") (m.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes,'' ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' *

Tublat Tublat is a fictional ape character in Edgar Rice Burroughs's original Tarzan novel, ''Tarzan of the Apes'' and one of its sequels, ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'', as well as animated films, television series and other media based on them. History I ...

("Broken-nose") (m.) – ''Tarzan of the Apes''; ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan'' Tribe of Mal-gash (also called the tribe of Ho-den and the Servants of God) * Fernando (m.), ''mangani'' name unknown – ''

'' * Mal-gash ("Yellow-Tooth") (m.), king – ''Tarzan and the Madman'' * Sancho (m.), ''mangani'' name unknown – ''Tarzan and the Madman'' Tribe of Molak * Akut ("Light-hole") (m.), later solitary – ''The Beasts of Tarzan''; ''

'' * Molak ("Short-?") (m.), king – ''The Beasts of Tarzan'' Tribe of Toyat * Gayat or Ga-yat ("Red-eye") (m.) – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle''; ''Tarzan and the Lost Empire''; ''

''; ''

'' * Go-yad ("Black-ear") (m.), formerly of the tribe of Kerchak – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle''; ''Tarzan and the Lost Empire'' * M'walot ("Blue-face") (m.) – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle'' * Toyat or To-yat ("Purple-eye") (m.), king – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle''; ''Tarzan the Invincible'' * Zutho or Zu-tho ("Big-mouth") (m.), later king of the tribe of Zutho, later of the tribe of Ungo – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle''; ''Tarzan and the Lost Empire''; ''Tarzan the Invincible''; ''Tarzan and the Leopard Men''; ''

''; ''Tarzan and the Madman'' Tribe of Ungo (possibly the same as the later tribe of Zutho) * Ga-un ("Red-?") (m.) – ''Tarzan and the Forbidden City''; ''Tarzan and the Madman'' * Ungo ("Jackal") (m.), king – ''Tarzan and the Forbidden City''; ''Tarzan and the Madman'' * Zutho or Zu-tho ("Big-mouth") (m.), formerly of the tribe of Toyat, formerly king of the tribe of Zutho – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle''; ''Tarzan and the Lost Empire''; ''Tarzan the Invincible''; ''Tarzan and the Leopard Men''; ''Tarzan and the Forbidden City''; ''Tarzan and the Madman'' Tribe of Zutho (split from the earlier tribe of Toyat, possibly the same as the later tribe of Ungo) * Zutho or Zu-tho ("Big-mouth") (m.), king, formerly of tribe of Toyat, later of the tribe of Ungo – ''Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle''; ''Tarzan and the Lost Empire''; ''Tarzan and the Leopard Men''; ''Tarzan the Invincible''; ''Tarzan and the Forbidden City''; ''Tarzan and the Madman'' Tribe of Zu-yad * Go-lot ("Black-face") (m.) – '' Tarzan: the Lost Adventure'' * Zu-yad ("Big-ear") (m.), king – ''Tarzan: the Lost Adventure'' Rogue (tribeless) ''Mangani'' * Toog ("?") (m.) – ''Jungle Tales of Tarzan''

As a language

The ''Mangani'' language is represented in the books as a primal universal language shared by many primate species in addition to the ''Mangani'' themselves, including monkeys (''

'' and others), gorillas, Indonesian

orangutan Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. They are now found only in parts of Borneo and Sumatra, but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China. Classified in the genus ...

s (''

Tarzan and the Foreign Legion ''Tarzan and the Foreign Legion'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the twenty-second in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The book, written June–September 1944 while Burroughs was living in Ho ...

''), and the more man-like Sagoths of

Pellucidar Pellucidar is the fictional internal surface of a Hollow Earth invented by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories. In a crossover event, Tarzan, who was also created by Burroughs, visits Pellucidar. The ...

(''

Tarzan at the Earth's Core ''Tarzan at the Earth's Core'' is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, serialized in September 1929 to March 1930, the thirteenth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan and the fourth in his series set ...

''). In the later Tarzan novels, Tarzan converses in ''Mangani'' with his monkey companion

Nkima Nkima is a fictional character in Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan novels, and in adaptations of the saga to other media, particularly comics. His name comes from either the word N'kima ('monkey' in the Mbugu language, a regional dialect of Swahili ...

more often than with the ''Mangani'' themselves. In the crossover novel '' King Kong vs. Tarzan'', the giant, prehistoric ape

King Kong King Kong, also referred to simply as Kong, is a fictional giant monster resembling a gorilla, who has appeared in various media since 1933. The character has since become an international pop culture icon,Erb, Cynthia, 1998, ''Tracking Kin ...

possibly also understands the language; although it is left ambiguous whether he actually understood it or was copying what Tarzan said in ''Mangani''. Other jungle animals are described as having their own bestial languages, but also as being able to understand ''Mangani'' to varying degrees. Whether the ''Mangani'' in turn understand any other animal languages is uncertain; Tarzan, at least, comprehends to some extent at least a few. In ''

'', before learning any spoken ''human'' languages, he avers "I speak only the language of my tribe—the great apes who were Kerchak's; and a little of the languages of Tantor, the elephant, and Numa, the lion, and of the other folks of the jungle I understand." The ''Mangani'' language as described by Burroughs is made up largely of grunts and growls representing nouns and various basic concepts. The bestial quality of the speech, however, does not come through in the rather large lexicon of ''Mangani'' words Burroughs actually provides. The ''depicted'' language can be thought of as bearing a relationship to the ''described'' language similar to that between the movies' euphonious "

Tarzan yell The Tarzan yell or Tarzan's jungle call is the distinctive, ululating yell of the character Tarzan as portrayed by actor Johnny Weissmuller in the films based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs starting with '' Tarzan the Ape Man' ...

" and the books' terrifying "victory cry of the bull ape" from which it supposedly derives; the example in each instance falls short of embodying the description. The word "mangani" is a compound, with ''man'' meaning "great" or "large" and ''gani'' meaning "ape" (or perhaps "people"). With modifications, the term is also applied to humans, ''gomangani'' ("dark-great-ape") for black-skinned humans and ''tarmangani'' ("light-great-ape") for white-skinned humans, suggesting that the Mangani regard human beings as variations on their own type. Notably, gorillas do not seem to be regarded as "''man''" ''gani'', but as a different type of "ape," ''bolgani'' ("flat" or "earth-bound ape"). Some examples (with translation) of Burroughs' ''Mangani'' words follow. * ''Tarzan'' = White-skin * ''Mangani'' = Great Apes (also refers to humans) ** ''tarmangani'' = "Great White Apes," i.e., white-skinned people, such as Tarzan himself ** ''gomangani'' = "Great Black Apes," i.e., dark-skinned people, * ''bolgani'' = "Flat arth-boundApes," i.e., gorillas. * ''nala'' = up * ''tand-nala'' = down * ''Kreegah bundolo'' = "Beware (I) kill!" For example,

might cry out to warn of danger, "Kreegah bundolo! White men come with hunt sticks. * ''Kagoda'' = "Surrender" (depending upon the inflection used, the word can be a demand for surrender or a concession of surrender) * ''Numa'' = Lion * ''Kanugani'' = False Apes (referring to the

anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to ...

apes Zira and Cornelius in the crossover ''

Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes ''Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes'' is a 2016 comic book miniseries combining the Tarzan and ''Planet of the Apes'' media franchises. written by David Walker and Tim Seeley, art by Fernando Dagnino and colour work by Sandra Molina Plot In an al ...

'') *''Tantor'' = elephant

''Mangani'' in other media

Attempts to portray the ''Mangani'' outside the medium of their origin have varied. The Tarzan comic strip and comic books generally have no difficulty in visualizing them according to Burroughs' vision, though the Tarzan comic books published by

Malibu Comics Malibu Comics Entertainment, Inc. (launched as Malibu Graphics) was an American comic book publisher active in the late 1980s and early 1990s, best known for its Ultraverse line of superhero titles. Notable titles published by Malibu included ''Th ...

in the early 1990s suggested the Mangani were a variety of

Bigfoot Bigfoot (), also commonly referred to as Sasquatch (), is a large, hairy Mythic humanoids, mythical creature said to inhabit forests in North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest.Example definitions include: *"A large, hairy, manlike ...

or Sasquatch. In the live-action Tarzan films they have generally been represented by a token individual,

Cheeta Cheeta (sometimes billed as Cheetah, Cheta, and Chita) is a chimpanzee character that appeared in numerous Hollywood Tarzan films of the 1930s–1960s, as well as the 1966–1968 television series, as the ape sidekick of the title character, Ta ...

, a chimpanzee. The chief exception is the 1984 '' Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes'', which adheres closely to Burroughs' description; in this film, adult ''Mangani'' are portrayed by human actors in ape costumes, while the roles of immature ''Mangani'' are taken by chimpanzees. However, the Mangani language is not used in the film, with subtitles or otherwise, and as a result the name "Tarzan" is used nowhere in the film, except in the title. Walt Disney Pictures' 1999 animated feature film ''

'', its sequels ''

'' and ''

'', and the television series '' The Legend of Tarzan'' based on it, portray the apes who raised Tarzan as gorillas. The only use of the term ''Mangani'' in the television series is as the proper name of an individual ghostly white ape who possesses mystical powers. The

2016 2016 was designated as: * International Year of Pulses by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly. * International Year of Global Understanding (IYGU) by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Internationa ...

live-action film '' The Legend of Tarzan'' featured the ''Mangani'' as a distinct species of gorilla-like ape, describing them as being more aggressive and dangerous compared to gorillas. The ''Mangani'' themselves were

computer-generated images Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is a specific-technology or application of computer graphics for creating or improving images in art, printed media, simulators, videos and video games. These images are either static (i.e. still images) or d ...

using

motion capture Motion capture (sometimes referred as mocap or mo-cap, for short) is the process of recording high-resolution motion (physics), movement of objects or people into a computer system. It is used in Military science, military, entertainment, sports ...

technology. Poems in Mangani have been written by members of the

Oulipo Oulipo (, short for ; roughly translated as "workshop of potential literature", stylized ''OuLiPo'') is a loose gathering of (mainly) French-speaking writers and mathematicians who seek to create works using constrained writing techniques. It wa ...

group, like

Jacques Jouet image:Jacques Jouet salon du Livre 2012 (cropped).jpg, Jacques Jouet in 2012. Jacques Jouet (born 9 October 1947) is a French writer and has been a participating member of the Oulipo literary project since 1983. He is a poet, novelist, short stor ...

Jacques Roubaud Jacques Roubaud (; 5 December 1932 – 5 December 2024) was a French poet, writer, and mathematician. Life and career Jacques Roubaud taught mathematics at University of Paris X Nanterre and poetry at EHESS. A member of the Oulipo group, he h ...

, or

Hervé Le Tellier Hervé Le Tellier (; born 21 April 1957) is a French writer and linguistics, linguist, and a member of the international literary group Oulipo (Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle, which translates roughly as "workshop of potential literature") ...

Other uses

* In an episode of ''

The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers ''The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers'' is an underground comic about a fictional trio of stoner characters, created by the American artist Gilbert Shelton. The Freak Brothers first appeared in ''The Rag'', an underground newspaper published in ...

'', Fat Freddy roars "Kreegah!" before robbing a grocery store. * Dogbert reacts to

Dilbert ''Dilbert'' is an American comic strip written and illustrated by Scott Adams, first published on April 16, 1989. It is known for its satire, satirical office humor about a White-collar worker, white-collar, micromanagement, micromanaged offic ...

's descent into savagery after he has been home telecommuting too long with "Kreegah! Bundolo!" in a February 1995 ''

'' strip. *"Kreegah Bundola" is one of a few names for the

Frank Zappa Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American guitarist, composer, and bandleader. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed Rock music, rock, Pop music, pop, jazz, jazz fusion, orchestra ...

song whose most popular title seems to be "Let's Move to Cleveland". It is also utilized in

Bruce Coville Bruce Farrington Coville (, born May 16, 1950) is an author of young adult fiction. Coville was first published in 1977 and has written over 100 books. Biography Coville was born on May 16, 1950, in Syracuse, New York, where he resided . Bruc ...

's "Allbright" series as Grakker's "violence" module boot-up sound bite (from Aliens Ate My Homework). It was uttered by a hunger-crazed

Fat Freddy ''The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers'' is an Underground comix, underground comic about a fictional trio of Cannabis culture, stoner characters, created by the American artist Gilbert Shelton. The Freak Brothers first appeared in ''The Rag'', an ...

in an episode of ''

''. *In Portuguese, "Kreegah bundolo" was translated as "''Krig-Ha, Bandolo!''", and used as the name of an

album An album is a collection of audio recordings (e.g., music) issued on a medium such as compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl (record), audio tape (like 8-track cartridge, 8-track or Cassette tape, cassette), or digital distribution, dig ...

by the Brazilian rocker

Raul Seixas Raul Santos Seixas (; 28 June 1945 – 21 August 1989) was a Brazilian rock musician foundational to the genre.allmusic Biography/ref> ''Rolling Stone'' Brazil named Seixas among the greatest artists in Brazilian music. Throughout his career, S ...

. *In the Mexican comic '' El Santos vs. la Tetona Mendoza'' by cartoonists and , el Santos uses the "Mexican-ized" expression "Kriga Bundolo" when furious or flexing muscles.

Notes

References

General

* Straight Dope Science Advisory Board.
What kind of ape was Tarzan raised by?
" Nov. 29, 2001.

Lexicons

* Bozarth, David Bruce.

* Coogan, Peter.
English-Mangani/Mangani-English Dictionary
(pdf) * Stephan, Ed.

* Stephan, Ed.

* Whatsits Galore.

{{Tarzan Tarzan characters Fictional apes Fictional languages Fictional elements introduced in 1914

As a species of ape

Known Mangani tribes

As a language

''Mangani'' in other media

Other uses

See also

Notes

References

General

Lexicons