Mambesak ('Shining Bird') was a
West Papuan folk-based musical group, formed in 1978 at
Cenderawasih University. Mambesak articulated Papuan political concerns (for example, opposition to environmental problems connected by the mining industry), and in 1984 the lead figure of the group
Arnold Ap was killed by the
Indonesian military in 1984. Mambesak inspired the formation of similar Papuan musical groups.
[Lohrey, Amanda. ]
Ground Swell: The Rise of the Greens
'. Quarterly essay, issue 8. Melbourne: Black Inc, 2002. p. 121
References
Indonesian musical groups
Folk music groups
Western New Guinea
Musical groups established in 1978
{{Indonesia-band-stub