The Malbork Voivodeship (Polish: ''Województwo malborskie''), after
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...
also referred to as the Malbork Land (Polish: ''Ziemia malborska''), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
from 1454/1466 until the
partitions
Partition may refer to:
Computing Hardware
* Disk partitioning, the division of a hard disk drive
* Memory partition, a subdivision of a computer's memory, usually for use by a single job
Software
* Partition (database), the division of ...
in 1772–1795. Together with the
Pomeranian and
Chełmno Voivodeships and the
Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia ( pl, Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie; german: Fürstbistum Ermland) was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area ...
it formed the historical province of
Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia ( pl, Prusy Królewskie; german: Königlich-Preußen or , csb, Królewsczé Prësë) or Polish PrussiaAnton Friedrich Büsching, Patrick Murdoch. ''A New System of Geography'', London 1762p. 588/ref> (Polish: ; German: ) was a ...
. Its capital was at
Marienburg (Malbork).
History
![K0nigl+BherzoglPreussen en](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/K0nigl%2BBherzoglPreussen_en.png)
After the
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians o ...
during the 13th century had conquered the
Prussian
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...
territories and incorporated them into the
Order's State, the castle of
Marienburg served as the seat of the
Grand Masters. Following the 1410
Battle of Grunwald
The Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Žalgiris or First Battle of Tannenberg was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respec ...
, the Knights once again could withstand the Polish
Siege of Marienburg. However, after the uprising of the
Prussian Confederation
The Prussian Confederation (german: Preußischer Bund, pl, Związek Pruski) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Kwidzyn (then officially ''Marienwerder'') by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia, to oppose the ...
in 1454 (in which Marienburg did not participate) and the outbreak of the
Thirteen Years' War with the
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
, they had to withdraw to
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was ...
and after their final defeat lost the castle and the surrounding territory in the 1466
Second Peace of Thorn
The Peace of Thorn or Toruń of 1466, also known as the Second Peace of Thorn or Toruń ( pl, drugi pokój toruński; german: Zweiter Friede von Thorn), was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 betwee ...
.
King
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV (in full Casimir IV Andrew Jagiellon; pl, Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk ; Lithuanian: ; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death. He was one of the ...
of Poland annexed the territory and established the
voivodeship
A voivodeship is the area administered by a voivode (Governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times and the area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval ...
of Marienburg, including the towns of
Elbing (Elbląg),
Stuhm
Sztum () (; formerly german: Stuhm) is a town in northern Poland in the region, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Sztum County, with some 10,141 inhabitants (2004).
History
Signs of settlement dating back to the Roman ...
(Sztum) and
Christburg (Kiszpork, later Dzierzgoń). Since the 1569
Union of Lublin
The Union of Lublin ( pl, Unia lubelska; lt, Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the pe ...
the Lands of the
Polish Crown
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includ ...
were part of the larger
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...
.
Marienburg Castle was occupied twice by troops of the
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries ( sv, Stormaktstiden, "the Era of Great Power"). The beginning of the empire is usually ta ...
: during the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
1626–1629 and again from 1656 to 1660 during the
Second Northern War
The Second Northern War (1655–60), (also First or Little Northern War) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655–60), the Tsardom of Russia (Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), 1656–58), Brande ...
. In 1772 the voivodeship was annexed by
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
in the
First Partition of Poland and became part of the newly established Province of
West Prussia
The Province of West Prussia (german: Provinz Westpreußen; csb, Zôpadné Prësë; pl, Prusy Zachodnie) was a province of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and 1878 to 1920. West Prussia was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 177 ...
the next year.
Zygmunt Gloger
Zygmunt Gloger (3 November 1845 in Tybory-Kamianka – 16 August 1910 in Warsaw) was a Polish historian, archaeologist, geographer and ethnographer, bearer of the Wilczekosy coat of arms. Gloger founded the precursor of modern and widely popul ...
in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of Malbork Voivodeship:
"The smallest of three voivodeships of Polish Prussia, it was divided into four counties: Sztum, Kiszpork, Elblag and Malbork. Local
starosta
The starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', german: link=no, Starost, Hauptmann) is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates. Th ...
s resided at
Kiszpork, Sztum,
Tolkmicko
Tolkmicko (pronounced , german: Tolkemit) is a town in northern Poland, on the Vistula Lagoon, about 20 km northeast of Elbląg. It is located in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in Elbląg County. Its population is 2,766 (2004).
History Middl ...
, and other locations.
Sejmik
A sejmik (, diminutive of ''sejm'', occasionally translated as a ''dietine''; lt, seimelis) was one of various local parliaments in the history of Poland and history of Lithuania. The first sejmiks were regional assemblies in the Kingdom of Pol ...
s and courts were not located at Malbork, but at Sztum, which itself was governed by the starosta of Kiszpork. At sejmiks, local nobility elected eight deputies to the Prussian
Sejm
The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland.
The Sejm has been the highest governing body of t ...
, e.g. two from each county (...) Malbork Voivodeship’s coat of arms was almost identical as
Chelmno Voivodeship's, with differences in color of the eagle. The Prussian Sejm took place alternatively at Malbork and
Grudziadz".
Administration
Voivodeship Governor (
Wojewoda
Voivode (, also spelled ''voievod'', ''voevod'', ''voivoda'', ''vojvoda'' or ''wojewoda'') is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the me ...
) seat:
*
Malbork
Malbork; ;
* la, Mariaeburgum, ''Mariae castrum'', ''Marianopolis'', ''Civitas Beatae Virginis''
* Kashubian: ''Malbórg''
* Old Prussian: ''Algemin'' is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. It is the seat of Malbork County and has a ...
Voivodes list:
*
Ścibor Bażyński/Stibor (Tiburcius) von Baysen 15 June 1467 – 1480
*
Mikołaj Bażyński/Niklas von Baysen 23 February 1481 – 27 March 1501
*
Maciej Raba 21 August 1512 – 1546
*
Achacy Czema 1546 – 24 May 1564
*
Fabian Czema 1566–1580
*
Fabian Czema (younger) 1581-22 August 1605
*
Jerzy Kostka 1605–1611
*
Stanisław Działyński 1611–1615
*
Jan Wejher 1615–1618
*
Stanisław Konarski
Stanisław Konarski, Sch.P. (actual name: Hieronim Konarski; 30 September 1700 – 3 August 1773) was a Polish pedagogue, educational reformer, political writer, poet, dramatist, Piarist priest and precursor of the Enlightenment in the Polish–Li ...
1618–1625
*
Samuel Żaliński 3 November 1625 – 6 October 1629
*
Samuel Konarski 30 November 1629 – 1641
*
Mikołaj Wejher 11 October 1641 – 20 May 1643
*
Jakub Wejher
Jakub Wejher (or Weyher, German ''Jakob Weiher'') (1609 – 1657), was a member of the Polish line of the Weyher family, a Count of the Holy Roman Empire and member of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth szlachta (nobility). His coat of arms ...
20 May 1643 – 21 February 1657
*
Stanisław Działyński 30 March 1657 – 1677
*
Jan Ignacy Bąkowski 1677–1679
*
Jan Gniński
Jan Gniński (died c.1685) was a Polish diplomat, Treasurer
A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk ...
1679
*
Franciszek Jan Bieliński Franciszek () is a masculine given name of Polish origin (female form Franciszka). It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, François, and Franz. People with the name include:
*Edward Pfeiffer (Franciszek Edward Pfeiffer) (1895–1964), Polish gen ...
1681–1685
*
Ernest Denhoff 1685–1693
*
Władysław Łoś 1694
*
Jan Jerzy Przebendowski 17 September 1697 – 9 February 1703
*
Piotr Kczewski 9 February 1703 – 20 November 1722
*
Piotr Przebendowski 21 November 1722 – 1755
*
Jakub Działyński 27 May 1756 – 17 September 1772
Regional council (
sejmik generalny
A sejmik (, diminutive of ''sejm'', occasionally translated as a ''dietine''; lt, seimelis) was one of various local parliaments in the history of Poland and history of Lithuania. The first sejmiks were regional assemblies in the Kingdom of Pol ...
):
*
Stuhm
Sztum () (; formerly german: Stuhm) is a town in northern Poland in the region, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Sztum County, with some 10,141 inhabitants (2004).
History
Signs of settlement dating back to the Roman ...
The Voivodeship was divided into four
powiat
A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powia ...
s (counties or administrative divisions):
*
Sztum County
__NOTOC__
Sztum County ( pl, powiat sztumski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sztum, which lies south-east of the regiona ...
, (Powiat Sztumski),
*
Kiszpork County, (Powiat Kiszporski),
*
Elbląg County
__NOTOC__
Elbląg County ( pl, powiat elbląski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local governme ...
, (Powiat Elbląski),
*
Malbork County
__NOTOC__
Malbork County ( pl, powiat malborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government ref ...
, (Powiat Malborski).
Sources
Malbork Voivodeship, description by Zygmunt Gloger
External links
{{coord, 54.039205, 19.027598, format=dms, display=title, type:landmark
Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Royal Prussia
1466 establishments in Europe
15th-century establishments in Poland
1772 disestablishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth