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Malanyu () is a
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...
approximately west of the city of
Zunhua Zunhua () is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Tianjin to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan. Historic sites include the Eastern Qing Tombs (Qing Dongling). Ad ...
,
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, an ...
, which administrates the town, and about 120 kilometers from the
Forbidden City The Forbidden City () is a Chinese palace, palace complex in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, at the center of the Imperial City, Beijing, Imperial City of Beijing. It is surrounded by numerous opulent imperial gardens and temples includ ...
in Beijing. It hosts the Eastern Qing Tombs, a site that is the final resting place of some of the Qing emperors and empresses. The 78-square-kilometer site, known more widely as the Eastern Qing Tombs, is the burial place for 5 emperors, 15 empresses and 136 imperial concubines within 15 tombs, including the
Shunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A Deliberative Council of Prince ...
(1638–1661), the
Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...
(1654–1722), the
Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 t ...
(1711–1799), and
Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese nob ...
(1835–1908).


History


Ming Dynasty

Malanyu is home to the Yongwang Tower zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/> zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html"__"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty">Ming_ The_Ming_dynasty_(),_officially_the_Great_Ming,_was_an_Dynasties_in_Chinese_history,_imperial_dynasty_of_China,_ruling_from_1368_to_1644_following_the_collapse_of_the_Mongol_Empire,_Mongol-led_Yuan_dynasty._The_Ming_dynasty_was_the_last_ort_...
-era_tower.


__Qing_Dynasty_

While_on_a_hunting_trip,_
zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html"__"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty">Ming_ The_Ming_dynasty_(),_officially_the_Great_Ming,_was_an_Dynasties_in_Chinese_history,_imperial_dynasty_of_China,_ruling_from_1368_to_1644_following_the_collapse_of_the_Mongol_Empire,_Mongol-led_Yuan_dynasty._The_Ming_dynasty_was_the_last_ort_...
-era_tower.


__Qing_Dynasty_

While_on_a_hunting_trip,_Shunzhi_Emperor">Emperor_Shunzhi_of_the_
zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html"__"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty">Ming_ The_Ming_dynasty_(),_officially_the_Great_Ming,_was_an_Dynasties_in_Chinese_history,_imperial_dynasty_of_China,_ruling_from_1368_to_1644_following_the_collapse_of_the_Mongol_Empire,_Mongol-led_Yuan_dynasty._The_Ming_dynasty_was_the_last_ort_...
-era_tower.


__Qing_Dynasty_

While_on_a_hunting_trip,_Shunzhi_Emperor">Emperor_Shunzhi_of_the_Qing_dynasty">Qing_Dynasty_ The_Qing_dynasty_(_),_officially_the_Great_Qing,,___was_a__Manchu-led__imperial_dynasty_of_China_and_the_last_orthodox_dynasty_in_Chinese_history._It_emerged_from_the__Later_Jin_dynasty_founded_by_the_Jianzhou_Jurchens,_a__Tungusic-speak_...
,_allegedly_awestruck_by_the_area's_beauty,_declared_that_he_wished_to_be_buried_there._His_successor,_
zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html"__"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty">Ming_ The_Ming_dynasty_(),_officially_the_Great_Ming,_was_an_Dynasties_in_Chinese_history,_imperial_dynasty_of_China,_ruling_from_1368_to_1644_following_the_collapse_of_the_Mongol_Empire,_Mongol-led_Yuan_dynasty._The_Ming_dynasty_was_the_last_ort_...
-era_tower.


__Qing_Dynasty_

While_on_a_hunting_trip,_Shunzhi_Emperor">Emperor_Shunzhi_of_the_Qing_dynasty">Qing_Dynasty_ The_Qing_dynasty_(_),_officially_the_Great_Qing,,___was_a__Manchu-led__imperial_dynasty_of_China_and_the_last_orthodox_dynasty_in_Chinese_history._It_emerged_from_the__Later_Jin_dynasty_founded_by_the_Jianzhou_Jurchens,_a__Tungusic-speak_...
,_allegedly_awestruck_by_the_area's_beauty,_declared_that_he_wished_to_be_buried_there._His_successor,_Kangxi_Emperor">Emperor_Kangxi_ The_Kangxi_Emperor_(4_May_1654–_20_December_1722),_also_known_by_his_temple_name_Emperor_Shengzu_of_Qing,_born_Xuanye,_was_the_third_emperor_of_the_Qing_dynasty,_and_the_second_Qing_emperor_to_rule_over_China_proper,_reigning_from_1661_to_1_...
,_began_the_construction_of_tombs_on_the_site,_now_known_as_the__Eastern_Qing_Tombs,_in_1663._Emperor_Kangxi,_along_with_a_team_of_both_
zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html"__"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty">Ming_ The_Ming_dynasty_(),_officially_the_Great_Ming,_was_an_Dynasties_in_Chinese_history,_imperial_dynasty_of_China,_ruling_from_1368_to_1644_following_the_collapse_of_the_Mongol_Empire,_Mongol-led_Yuan_dynasty._The_Ming_dynasty_was_the_last_ort_...
-era_tower.


__Qing_Dynasty_

While_on_a_hunting_trip,_Shunzhi_Emperor">Emperor_Shunzhi_of_the_Qing_dynasty">Qing_Dynasty_ The_Qing_dynasty_(_),_officially_the_Great_Qing,,___was_a__Manchu-led__imperial_dynasty_of_China_and_the_last_orthodox_dynasty_in_Chinese_history._It_emerged_from_the__Later_Jin_dynasty_founded_by_the_Jianzhou_Jurchens,_a__Tungusic-speak_...
,_allegedly_awestruck_by_the_area's_beauty,_declared_that_he_wished_to_be_buried_there._His_successor,_Kangxi_Emperor">Emperor_Kangxi_ The_Kangxi_Emperor_(4_May_1654–_20_December_1722),_also_known_by_his_temple_name_Emperor_Shengzu_of_Qing,_born_Xuanye,_was_the_third_emperor_of_the_Qing_dynasty,_and_the_second_Qing_emperor_to_rule_over_China_proper,_reigning_from_1661_to_1_...
,_began_the_construction_of_tombs_on_the_site,_now_known_as_the__Eastern_Qing_Tombs,_in_1663._Emperor_Kangxi,_along_with_a_team_of_both_Manchu_people">Manchu_ The_Manchus_(;_)_are_a__Tungusic_East_Asian_ethnic_group_native_to_Manchuria_in_Northeast_Asia._They_are_an_officially_recognized__ethnic_minority_in_China_and_the_people_from_whom_Manchuria_derives_its_name._The_Later_Jin_(1616–1636)_and___...
_and_ zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html"__"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html"_;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty">Ming_ The_Ming_dynasty_(),_officially_the_Great_Ming,_was_an_Dynasties_in_Chinese_history,_imperial_dynasty_of_China,_ruling_from_1368_to_1644_following_the_collapse_of_the_Mongol_Empire,_Mongol-led_Yuan_dynasty._The_Ming_dynasty_was_the_last_ort_...
-era_tower.


__Qing_Dynasty_

While_on_a_hunting_trip,_Shunzhi_Emperor">Emperor_Shunzhi_of_the_Qing_dynasty">Qing_Dynasty_ The_Qing_dynasty_(_),_officially_the_Great_Qing,,___was_a__Manchu-led__imperial_dynasty_of_China_and_the_last_orthodox_dynasty_in_Chinese_history._It_emerged_from_the__Later_Jin_dynasty_founded_by_the_Jianzhou_Jurchens,_a__Tungusic-speak_...
,_allegedly_awestruck_by_the_area's_beauty,_declared_that_he_wished_to_be_buried_there._His_successor,_Kangxi_Emperor">Emperor_Kangxi_ The_Kangxi_Emperor_(4_May_1654–_20_December_1722),_also_known_by_his_temple_name_Emperor_Shengzu_of_Qing,_born_Xuanye,_was_the_third_emperor_of_the_Qing_dynasty,_and_the_second_Qing_emperor_to_rule_over_China_proper,_reigning_from_1661_to_1_...
,_began_the_construction_of_tombs_on_the_site,_now_known_as_the__Eastern_Qing_Tombs,_in_1663._Emperor_Kangxi,_along_with_a_team_of_both_Manchu_people">Manchu_ The_Manchus_(;_)_are_a__Tungusic_East_Asian_ethnic_group_native_to_Manchuria_in_Northeast_Asia._They_are_an_officially_recognized__ethnic_minority_in_China_and_the_people_from_whom_Manchuria_derives_its_name._The_Later_Jin_(1616–1636)_and___...
_and_Han_Chinese">Han_ Han_may_refer_to: __Ethnic_groups_ *_Han_Chinese,_or_Han_People_():_the_name_for_the_largest__ethnic_group_in_China,_which_also_constitutes_the_world's_largest_ethnic_group.___ **_Han_Taiwanese_():_the_name_for_the_ethnic_group_of_the_Taiwanese_p_...
_planners,_planned_out_the_site,_which_includes_a_number_of_pathways,_towers,_temples,_pavilions,_arches,_and_sculptures._Emperor_Kangxi,_after_his_reign,_was_buried_at_the_site_with_his_concubines.


__1928_Robbery_

In_1928,_the_Eastern_Qing_Tombs_were_robbed_in_a_Looting_of_the_Eastern_Mausoleum.html" ;"title="Han_Chinese.html" "title="Manchu_people.html" "title="Kangxi_Emperor.html" "title="Qing_dynasty.html" "title="Shunzhi_Emperor.html" ;"title=":zh:永旺塔">zh_a_Ming_dynasty.html" "title=":zh:永旺塔">zh.html" ;"title=":zh:永旺塔.html" ;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh">:zh:永旺塔.html" ;"title="nowiki/>:zh:永旺塔">zh a Ming dynasty">Ming The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
-era tower.


Qing Dynasty

While on a hunting trip, Shunzhi Emperor">Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing dynasty">Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
, allegedly awestruck by the area's beauty, declared that he wished to be buried there. His successor, Kangxi Emperor">Emperor Kangxi The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...
, began the construction of tombs on the site, now known as the Eastern Qing Tombs, in 1663. Emperor Kangxi, along with a team of both Manchu people">Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
 and Han Chinese">Han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...
 planners, planned out the site, which includes a number of pathways, towers, temples, pavilions, arches, and sculptures. Emperor Kangxi, after his reign, was buried at the site with his concubines.


1928 Robbery

In 1928, the Eastern Qing Tombs were robbed in a Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum">large-scale looting orchestrated by local warlord Sun Dianying, and his subordinate, Tan Wenjiang. Despite widespread outrage at the looting, even by top Chinese officials, Sun faced no reprocussions.


Administrative divisions

Malanyu is divided into 1 neighborhood committee, 25 administrative villages, 30 natural villages zh.html"_;"title=":zh:自然村落.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:自然村落">zh">:zh:自然村落.html"_;"title="nowiki/>:zh:自然村落">zh


__Demographics_

Malanyu_is_one_of_the_two_Majority_minority.html" "title=":zh:自然村落">zh.html" ;"title=":zh:自然村落.html" ;"title="nowiki/>:zh:自然村落">zh">:zh:自然村落.html" ;"title="nowiki/>:zh:自然村落">zh


Demographics

Malanyu is one of the two Majority minority">minority-majority A majority-minority or minority-majority area is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, and/or religious minorities (relative to the whole country's population) make up a majority of the local population. Term ...
 towns in Zunhua, with Han Chinese constituting only 13% of the town's population. While most of the people in Malanyu are ethnically Manchu, there are also significant Mongols, Mongol and Hui people, Hui populations.


References

Township-level divisions of Hebei Tangshan {{Tangshan-geo-stub