feudal domain A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept or ...

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

Shinano Province or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, whi ...

Honshū , historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island separa ...

Komoro Castle 270px, Plan of Komoro Castle. The red square = Remains of Tenshukaku is a Japanese castle located in the city of Komoro, central Nagano Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Komoro Castle was home to a junior branch of the Makino c ...

Nagano Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Nagano Prefecture has a population of 2,052,493 () and has a geographic area of . Nagano Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the ...

Uesugi clan The is a Japanese samurai clan which was at its peak one of the most powerful during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (14th to 17th centuries). Appert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon,'' p. 79./ref> At its height, the clan had three main branch ...

Sengoku period The was a period in History of Japan, Japanese history of near-constant civil war and social upheaval from 1467 to 1615. The Sengoku period was initiated by the Ōnin War in 1467 which collapsed the Feudalism, feudal system of Japan under the ...

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Cour ...

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fellow ...

Battle of Sekigahara The Battle of Sekigahara (Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 (Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu prefecture, Japan, at the end of ...

Kōfu Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The domain was centered at Kōfu Castle what is now the city of Kōfu, Yamanashi.

Aoyama Munetoshi was a ''daimyō'' during early-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was '' Inaba-no-kami.'' Biography Aoyama Munetoshi was the eldest son of Aoyama Tadatoshi, the ''daimyō'' of Iwatsuki Domain (Musashi Province) and later Ōtaki Domain (Kazusa ...

Osaka jōdai were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Those appointmented to this prominent office were exclusively ''fudai daimyōs''.Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 326. Conven ...

Isesaki Domain was a Han (Japan), feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kōzuke Province (modern-day Gunma Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Isesaki ''jin'ya'' in what is now part of the city of Isesaki, Gunma. Isesaki ...

Suruga Province was an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture. Suruga bordered on Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces; and was bordered by the Pacific Ocean through Suruga Bay to the south. Its abbrevia ...

Nishio Tadanari was a daimyō of the early to mid Edo period, Japan, who ruled the Tanaka and Komoro domains, and was finally transferred to Yokosuka Domain in Tōtōmi Province, where his descendants ruled until the Meiji Restoration. Biography Nishio Tadan ...

Yokosuka Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tōtōmi Province. It was centered at Yokosuka Castle in what is now the Matsuo district of the city of Kakegawa in Shizuoka Prefecture.Matsudaira clan from 1679 to 1702. In 1702, Makino Yasushige was transferred to Komoro from Yoita Domain in

Echigo Province was an old province in north-central Japan, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. It bordered on Uzen, Iwashiro, Kōzuke, Shinano, and Etchū Provinces. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Echigo''" in . It corresponds today to Niigata ...

. This at last brought stability to the administration of the domain, as the Makino clan continued to rule until the

Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...

. During the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...

, the 10th ''daimyō'', Makino Yasumasu quickly supported the imperial side, and participated in the

Battle of Hokuetsu The was a battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, which occurred in 1868 in the northwestern part of Japan, in the area of modern Niigata Prefecture. Background The Boshin War erupted in 1868 between troops favourable to the restora ...

and was assigned to guard

Usui Pass The is a mountain pass that lies between Nagano and Gunma prefecture in Japan. It has served as one of the major transportation routes in central Japan since at least the eighth century. Road The pass on the ancient Tōsandō highway was des ...

. However, in September 1869 he was forced to suppress an attempted coup d’etat within his own domain. In July 1871, with the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

, Komoro Domain briefly became Komoro Prefecture, and was merged into the newly created

Nagano Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Nagano Prefecture has a population of 2,052,493 () and has a geographic area of . Nagano Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the ...

.

Bakumatsu period holdings

As with most domains in the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) s ...

, Komoro Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...

'', based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*

Shinano Province or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, whi ...

**16 villages in Chiisagata District **46 villages in Saku District

List of daimyō

*

Makino Yasushige

was the 3rd Makino ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

'' of Yoita Domain in

Echigo Province was an old province in north-central Japan, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. It bordered on Uzen, Iwashiro, Kōzuke, Shinano, and Etchū Provinces. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Echigo''" in . It corresponds today to Niigata ...

and the 1st Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro Domain under the

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

. Ieshige was the fifth son of

Honjō Munesuke Honjō or Honjo may refer to: Places * Honjō, Akita * Honjō, Nagano * Honjō, Ōita * Honjō, Saitama * Honjo, Tokyo * Honjo Stadium * Honjo, Yutaro People * , Japanese samurai * , Japanese general *, Japanese immunologist Fictional charact ...

of

Ashikaga Domain Ashikaga (足利) may refer to: * Ashikaga clan (足利氏 ''Ashikaga-shi''), a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Minamoto clan; and that formed the basis of the eponymous shogunate ** Ashikaga shogunate (足利幕府 ''Ashikaga bakufu''), a ...

and his mother was a princess of the Nijō clan. In 1688 he was adopted by Makino Yasumichi, and became ''daimyō'' of Yoita on the latter's retirement the following year. In 1702, he received an increase in ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...

'' of 5000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

'', and was transferred to Komoro. HIs wife was a daughter of Ogasawara Tadakata of Kokura Domain. He died in 1723.

Makino Yasuchika

was the 2nd Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasuchika was the eldest son of Makino Yasushige. He was received in formal audience by

Shogun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

Tokugawa Yoshimune was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lineage Yoshimune ...

in 1720, and became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1722. In 1725 he visited his domain for the first time. In 1731 he was appointed '' bugyō'' to oversee ceremonies at

Nikkō Tōshōgū is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 80,239 in 36,531 households, and a population density of 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . It is a popular destination for Japanese and ...

. In 1742, the domain suffered from severe damage due to storms and he applied for a loan of 2000 '' ryō'' from the shogunate. In 1751, he turned to the parent house of the Makino clan at Nagaoka Domain for financial assistance. His wife was a daughter of Rokugō Masaharu of

Honjō Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Akita Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Honjō Castle in what is now the city of Yurihonjō, Akita. History Much of Dewa Province was controlled by the powerfu ...

. He died in 1758.

Makino Yasumitsu

was the 3rd Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasumitsu was the eldest son of Makino Yasuchika and was born in Komoro. He became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1758. In 1762 he was appointed a '' sōshaban'', holding that position until his retirement in 1784. He retired to Edo, where he devoted his days to poetry, painting and drinking until his death in 1801. His wife was a daughter of

Makino Sadamichi was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid-Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". Universität Tübingen (in German). The Makino were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans which were hereditary ...

of

Nobeoka Domain is a city located in the north of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 119,521 and a population density of 138 persons per km². The total area is . History The city was officially founded on F ...

.

Makino Yasuyori

was the 4th Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasuyori was the eldest son of Makino Yasumitsu and became ''daimyō'' on his father's retirement in 1784. In 1786 he was appointed ''Osaka kaban''. He died at the clan's Edo residence at Koishikawa in 1794 at the age of 45. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Chikamitsu of Kitsuki Domain.

Makino Yasutomo

was the 5th Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasutomo was the eldest son of Makino Yasuyori and became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1794. In 1798 he was appointed a ''Sōshaban''. However, he was sickly and could only walk with a cane. He died of

beriberi Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1). A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. The two main types in adults are wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system, r ...

in Edo in 1800 at the age of 27. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Nobuhiro of Akashi Domain.

Makino Yasunaga

was the 6th Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasunaga was the eldest son of Makino Yasutomo and became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1800. In 1802 he established a han school. He received the

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

of ''Naizen-no-kami'' in 1814. He retired citing illness in 1819, but lived to 1868. He never took a formal wife.

Makino Yasuakira

was the 7th Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasuakira was the second son of Makino Yasutomo and became ''daimyō'' on his brother's retirement in 1819. He received the

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

of ''Naizen-no-kami'' in 1822. He died at the clan's Edo residence at Koishikawa in 1827 at the age of 28. His wife was a daughter of

Torii Tadateru was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early Edo period who ruled the Shimomura, Minakuchi, and Mibu Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tsuga District of Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Toch ...

of

Mibu Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tsuga District of Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Mibu Castle in what is now part of the town of Mibu, Tochigi. Mibu w ...

; however, he had no male heir.

Makino Yasunobu

was the 8th Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. His name is also sometimes transliterated as "Yasunori". Yasunobu was the sixth son of

Makino Tadakiyo was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". University of Tübingen (in German). The Makino were identified as one of the '' fudai'' or insider ''daimyō'' clans which were h ...

of

Nobeoka Domain is a city located in the north of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 119,521 and a population density of 138 persons per km². The total area is . History The city was officially founded on F ...

and was adopted as heir to

Makino Yasuakira was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Komoro Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Komoro in Nagano Prefecture.Ishikawa Fusasuke of

Kameyama Domain Kameyama may refer to: *Emperor Kameyama (1249–1305), emperor of Japan 1259–1274 *Kameyama, Mie, a city in Mie prefecture, Japan People with the surname *Keishi Kameyama is a Japanese billionaire businessman, chairman of the internet comp ...

; however, he had no male heir.

Makino Yasutoshi

was the 9th Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasutoshi was born in Hibiya,

Edo Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...

as the sixth son of

Makino Sadamoto History Makino was established in 1937 by Tsunezo Makino in Japan, developing Japan's first numerical control, numerically controlled (NC) milling machine in 1958 and Japan's first milling machine, machining centre in 1966. The North America ...

of Kasama Domain and was adopted as posthumous heir to Makino Yasunobu in 1832. At the time, the domain was suffering greatly form the Great

Tenpō famine The Tenpō famine (天保の飢饉, ''Tenpō no kikin''), also known as the Great Tenpō famine (天保の大飢饉, ''Tenpō no daikikin'') was a famine that affected Japan during the Edo period. Considered to have lasted from 1833 to 1837, it wa ...

, and also from a

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) c ...

epidemic. Yasunobu brought doctors with smallpox vaccine from Edo, and led the effort vaccinate the population by having his own children vaccinated first to set an example. From 1855, he attempted to institute numerous rural reforms based on the teachings of

Ninomiya Sontoku , also known as Ninomiya Kinjirō (二宮金次郎), was a Japanese agriculturalist. He lost his parents when he was a boy, but through hard work and diligence, he rebuilt his fallen family at the age of 20. Later, he rebuilt approximately 600 v ...

and to create stockpiled against future bad harvests. He also encouraged the development of a '' washi'' paper industry. In 1858, he was appointed a '' wakadoshiyori'', and was a strong supporter of the '' Tairō'' Ii Naosuke. He died in 1863 at the age of 46. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Nobuhide of

Kameyama Domain Kameyama may refer to: *Emperor Kameyama (1249–1305), emperor of Japan 1259–1274 *Kameyama, Mie, a city in Mie prefecture, Japan People with the surname *Keishi Kameyama is a Japanese billionaire businessman, chairman of the internet comp ...

. After her death, he remarried to a daughter of Kutsuki Tsunaeda of

Fukuchiyama Domain 250px, Kutsuki Moritsuna, final ''daimyō'' of Fukuchiyama was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tanba Province in what is now the west-central portion of modern-day Kyoto Prefecture. It was centered ...

.

Makino Yasumasa

150px, Makino Yasumasa was the 10th (and final) Makino ''daimyō'' of Komoro. Yasutoshi was the second son of Makino Yasutoshi and was received in formal audience by Shogun

Tokugawa Iemochi (July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. ...

in 1859. He became ''daimyō'' on his father's death in 1863 and from 1864 his courtesy title was promoted to ''Tōtōmi-no-kami''. However, among his retainers, there was a strong faction which supported his younger brother Nobunosuke (later Honda Tadanao, ''daimyō'' of

Okazaki Domain was a feudal domain of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period, Japan located in eastern Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Okazaki Castle in what is now the city of Okazaki, Aichi. It was ruled by a number of ...

), and was forced to suppress an attempted coup. He also faced possible overthrow when he sided with the imperial faction in the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...

and ordered his forces against the pro-Tokugawa army at the

Battle of Hokuetsu The was a battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, which occurred in 1868 in the northwestern part of Japan, in the area of modern Niigata Prefecture. Background The Boshin War erupted in 1868 between troops favourable to the restora ...

, as this placed the domain in direct conflict with its parent house at Nagaoka Domain. In September 1869, he also had to suppress a revolt by followers of the failed Mito rebellion within his domain. Later in 1869, he was appointed imperial governor of Komoro by the new

Meiji government The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan. Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji o ...

. On the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

in July 1871, he changed his name to Yasutomi (康民). He retired from public life in 1883 and died in 1918.

References

*''The content of this article was largely derived from that of the corresponding article on Japanese Wikipedia.'' *

External links

Komoro Domain on "Edo 300 HTML"

Notes

{{Authority control Domains of Japan History of Nagano Prefecture Shinano Province Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan Makino clan Nishio clan Ogyū-Matsudaira clan Sakai clan

History