Muḥammad Hāshim Thattvī (16921761; sd, مخدوم محمد هاشم ٺٺوي, ar, المخدوم محمد هاشم التتوي) was an
Islamic scholar
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of reli ...
,
author
An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states:
"''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...
,
philanthropist
Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the Public good (economics), public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private goo ...
, and a
spiritual leader
Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ...
who was considered a saint by his followers. He was the first ever translator of the Quran in
Sindhi language
Sindhi ( ; , ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where it has official status. It is also spoken by a further 1.7 million people in India, where it is a Scheduled languages of India ...
.
[Profile of Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi on maktabah.org website]
Published 15 December 2012, Retrieved 3 January 2018
Activities
He also ran the office of the Chief Justice and stayed the Governor of Sindh and connected areas of Punjab in the Kalhora era. He was also a feudal lord and tribe chieftain. He was the leading Islamic theologian and the Imam of the Grand Mosque at Thatta. He engaged himself in missionary duties and was famous among
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
s. He wrote ''Madah Nama Sindh'' (a book about Islam in Sindhi society and culture), ''Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah'' (a book based on the Hanafi theology), ''Al-Baqiyat as-Salihat'' (a biography of great Islamic figures) and other books. His religious dictums shaped Sindhi culture and Islamic tradition in Sindh. He was believed to be a leading expert authority on the Fatwa-e-Alamgiri. He belonged to the
Qadri
The Qadiriyya (), also transliterated Qādirīyah, ''Qadri'', ''Qadriya'', ''Kadri'', ''Elkadri'', ''Elkadry'', ''Aladray'', ''Alkadrie'', ''Adray'', ''Kadray'', ''Kadiri'', ''Qadiri'', ''Quadri'' or ''Qadri'' are members of the Sunni Qadiri ta ...
order of Sufism, and followed the
Hanafi
The Hanafi school ( ar, حَنَفِية, translit=Ḥanafiyah; also called Hanafite in English), Hanafism, or the Hanafi fiqh, is the oldest and one of the four traditional major Sunni schools ( maddhab) of Islamic Law (Fiqh). It is named aft ...
school of thought. He has a large following throughout the Muslim world specially in Sindh and Thatta district in specific.
[Profile of Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi on sindhidunya.com website]
Published 11 January 2016, Retrieved 3 January 2018
Family lineage
Thattvi descends from
Al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ( ar, الحارث بن عبد المطلب) was one of the uncles of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Abd al-Muttalib, of the Quraysh in Mecca, by his first wife, Sumra bint Jundab, who was ...
of the
Quraysh
The Quraysh ( ar, قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. Despite this, many of the Qur ...
tribe, to which the Islamic prophet
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...
also belonged.
Early life and education
Makhdoom belonged to a very traditional, religious and educated family and received basic education from his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor. His father taught him to memorise and recite the Quran. He further learned Persian language and Fiqh at home and travelled to
Thatta
Thatta ( sd, ٺٽو; ) is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and ...
the centre of education, poetry, spiritual grooming and culture of the time for receiving higher education. It was in the time of the
Kalhora dynasty
The Kalhora dynasty ( sd, ڪلهوڙا راڄ, translit=Kalhora Raj) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Sindhi Kalhora origin based in the region of Sindh in what is now Pakistan. They claimed an Arab origin. The dynasty ruled Sindh and parts of th ...
when Sindh was at its peak in reference to rich culture and economic progress. Scholars, poets, intellectuals were found in abundance and such people were very much obeyed, trusted and respected. Thatta had been entirely unique as in the year 1111 Hijri, it had 400 high schools and 1400 mosques and is considered a unique city even today.
Makhdoom Muhammad went to Makhdoom Zia uddin Thattvi to learn the science of ahadith and associated matters. It took him nine years to learn Persian and Arabic.
[ Meanwhile, his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor died on 1113 Hijri in the blessed month of Dhul-hajj and was buried in his place at Sehwan.
Makhdoom visited ]Makkah
Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow va ...
and Madinah
Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...
and learned exegesis, hadiths, religious fundamentals, tajwid and fiqh.[
]
Books
He wrote books in Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
, Sindhi and Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
including:
* ''Madah Nama Sindh'' (مدح نامه سنڌ): The book contains merits and values of Sindh and Sindhi society in the 18th century.[
* ''Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah''.
* al-Baqiyat as-Salihat (الباقيات الصالحات).
His authored books are included in the syllabus of ]Al-Azhar University
, image = جامعة_الأزهر_بالقاهرة.jpg
, image_size = 250
, caption = Al-Azhar University portal
, motto =
, established =
*970/972 first foundat ...
today as well.
Some of his books have recently been translated into Sindhi by Allama Muhammad Idrees Dahiri and Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi, including Madah Nama Sindh, al-Baqiyat as-Salihat and Khamsat at-Tahirah.[
]
Mausoleum and shrine
Thousands of devotees and followers visit his mausoleum and shrine every day which is located in Makli
Makli Necropolis ( ur, ; sd, مڪلي جو مقام) is one of the largest funerary sites in the world, spread over an area of 10 kilometres near the city of Thatta, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. The site houses approximately 500,000 to ...
, Thatta
Thatta ( sd, ٺٽو; ) is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and ...
, near the historical Makli graveyard. Many followers are buried alongside his shrine. Few of the names of the notables resting there are as follows:
Ubaidullah Sindhi
Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi (10 March 1872 – 21 August 1944) was a political activist of the Indian independence movement and one of its vigorous leaders. According to ''Dawn'', Karachi, Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi struggled for the independence ...
and Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi
Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi ( sd, پير حسام الدين راشدي) (September 20, 1911 – April 1, 1982) was a Pakistani historian and scholar. .
Urs - Death Anniversary
Makhdoom Hashim's urs
Urs (from ''‘Urs'') or ''Urus'' (literal meaning wedding), is the death anniversary of a Sufi saint, usually held at the saint's dargah (shrine or tomb). In most Sufi orders such as Naqshbandiyyah, Suhrawardiyya, Chishtiyya, Qadiriyya, etc ...
is celebrated every year on the 6th of rajab
Rajab ( ar, رَجَب) is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of the classical Arabic verb ''rajaba'' is "to respect" which could also mean "be awe or be in fear", of which Rajab is a derivative.
This month is re ...
at the shrine.
The day's proceedings involve recitation of the Quran, hymns and praises of Allah and Muhammad and the Prophet, and religious discourses are given by local orators and scholars.[254th death anniversary of renowned scholar Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi today]
Sindh Times (newspaper), Published 10 February 2017, Retrieved 3 January 2018
See also
Allah Baksh Sarshar Uqaili
Allah Baksh Sarshar 'Uqaili was a Sufi poet from the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Work
Allah Bux published his first book, ''Ramooz-un-Nisa'' in 1920, his second in 1923, ''Dawat-e-Islam'', in 1924 ''Manasik-e-Hajj'' and in 1929 ''Khalid bin ...
References
External links
*http://wikimapia.org/6133378/makhdoom-mohd-Hashim-Thattvi-tomb
*https://archive.org/details/QasidaYaSalikasindhiLanguage
*http://www.sindh.gov.pk/dpt/Usharzakaat/sehwan.htm
*http://www.scribd.com/doc/46505203/List-of-Books-in-English0
*http://jeaysindhqaumimahaz.blogspot.com/2010/11/chapter-2-era-and-political-environment.html
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makhdoom Syed Muhammad Hashim
1692 births
1761 deaths
Persian-language poets
Hanafi fiqh scholars
Hanafis
Maturidis
Indian Arabic-language poets
Mughal Empire poets
People from Thatta District
Sindhi-language poets
Quranic exegesis scholars
Qadiri order
Scholars from Sindh