Make wall (also known as Möldre wall) is a sandstone outcrop on the bank of the
Piusa River
The Piusa (russian: Пиуза ''Piuza'' or ''Pimzha'') is a river in Southeastern Estonia and, for the last 14 km before draining into Lake Pihkva, in Pskov Oblast, Russia. For a 17-km-long section near Pechory Piusa is the border river ...
in
Estonia, up to 12 metres high, the height of the bank stretches up to 17 metres.
Make wall is one of the protected natural features of the Piusa River ancient valley landscape protection area. The outcrop is situated in
Vastseliina rural municipality, about 300 metres downstream from Make mill in
Möldri village. Make mill was named for Hendrik Make, who established the watermill and a sawframe in 1883. Since 1900, the mill had an operating wool industry on the second floor. Make wall is one of the highest and most beautiful outcrops in the southern part of the protected area.
[Albert Ivask, Eugen Hillep "Piusa kaitsealal", Eesti Raamat, Tallinn 1973]
Make wall is an
Upper Devonian sandstone outcrop of the
Gauja Formation. The Gauja Formation is up to 183 metres thick and consists of quartz sand, multicolour clay, and fine-grained mellow clastic rocks, that has yielded remnants of fish and flora. The Gauja Formation sands settled in the retreating sea during the 50-70 million years of the Devonian period (began 410 million years ago). As Devonian sandstone has relatively crumbly structure, the sandstone outcrops surrender to erosion fairly easily.
References
Setomaa Parish
Geologic formations of Europe
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