Minimisation or minimization is a type of

deception Deception or falsehood is an act or statement that misleads, hides the truth, or promotes a belief, concept, or idea that is not true. It is often done for personal gain or advantage. Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda and sleight o ...

Guerrero, L., Anderson, P., Afifi, W. (2007). ''Close Encounters: Communication in Relationships'' (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications. {{ISBN? involving denial coupled with rationalisation/rationalization in situations where complete denial is implausible. It is the opposite of exaggeration. Minimisation, or downplaying the significance of an event or emotion, is a common strategy in dealing with feelings of guilt. Words associated with minimisation include: {{Columns-list, colwidth=30em, * belittling * discounting * downplaying *

euphemism A euphemism () is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes ...

* invalidation * making light of * meiosis * minification * minimise * trivialising * underplaying *

understating Understatement is an expression of lesser strength than what the speaker or writer actually means or than what is normally expected. It is the opposite of Embellishment (disambiguation), embellishment or exaggeration, and is used for emphasis, iro ...

Manipulative abuse

{{See also, Gaslighting Minimisation may take the form of a manipulative technique: * observed in abusers and manipulators to downplay their misdemeanors when confronted with irrefutable facts.Simon, George K. ''In Sheep's Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People'' (1996){{ISBN?{{Page?, date=June 2022Minimization: Trivializing Behavior as a Manipulation Tactic
/ref> * observed in abusers and manipulators to downplay positive attributes (talents and skills etc.) of their victims. Typical psychological defences exhibited by stalkers and guilty criminal suspects include denial, rationalisation, minimisation and projection of blame onto the victim. A variation on minimisation as a manipulative technique is ''"claiming altruistic motives"'' such as saying "I don't do this because I am selfish, and for gain, but because I am a socially aware person interested in the common good".Kantor, Martin ''The Psychopathy of Everyday Life'' 2006 {{ISBN?

Cognitive distortion

Minimisation may also take the form of cognitive distortion: * that avoids acknowledging and dealing with negative emotions by reducing the importance and impact of events that give rise to those emotions. * that avoids conscious confrontation with the negative impacts of one's behavior on others by reducing the perception of such impacts. * that avoids interpersonal confrontation by reducing the perception of the impact of others' behavior on oneself.

Examples

* saying that a taunt or

insult An insult is an expression or statement (or sometimes behavior) which is disrespectful or scornful. Insults may be intentional or accidental. An insult may be factual, but at the same time pejorative, such as the word "inbred". Jocular exc ...

was only a joke * a customer receiving a response to a complaint to a company for poor service being told that complaints like his from other customers were very rare when in fact they are common * suggesting that there are just a few bad apples or rogues in an organisation when in reality problems are widespread and systemic * Your boss may redirect you instead of rejecting you in a subtle way (with or without factual evidence)

School bullying sometimes minimised as a prank

School bullying is one form of victimisation or physical abuse which has sometimes been unofficially encouraged, ritualised or even minimised as a sort of prank by teachers or peers. The main difference between pranks and bullying is establishment of power inequity between the bully and the victim that lasts beyond the duration of the act.{{cite journal , last1 = Goldsmid , first1 = S. , last2 = Howie , first2 = P. , year = 2014 , title = Bullying by definition: An examination of definitional components of bullying , journal = Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties , volume = 19 , issue = 2, pages = 210–225 , doi = 10.1080/13632752.2013.844414 , s2cid = 145146347

Understatements

{{Main, Understatement Understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected. Understatement is a staple of humour in English-speaking cultures, especially in British humour. In this humorous form, the understatement is expected to not be interpreted literally. Related but separate is

, where a polite phrase is used in place of a harsher or more offensive expression.

Self-esteem/depression

Redefining events to downplay their significance can be an effective way of preserving one's self-esteem. One of the problems of depression (found in those with clinical,

bipolar Bipolar may refer to: Astronomy * Bipolar nebula, a distinctive nebular formation * Bipolar outflow, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star Mathematics * Bipolar coordinates, a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system * Bipolar ...

, and chronic depressive mood disorders, as well as cyclothymia) is the tendency to do the reverse: minimising the positive, discounting praise, and dismissing one's own accomplishments. On the other hand, one technique used by Alfred Adler to combat neurosis was to minimise the excessive significance the neurotic attaches to his own symptoms—the narcissistic gains derived from pride in one's own illness.

Social minimisation

Display rules expressing a group's general consensus about the display of feeling often involve minimising the amount of emotion one displays, as with a poker face. Social interchanges involving minor infringements often end with the 'victim' minimising the offence with a comment like 'Think nothing of it', using so-called 'reduction words', such as 'no big deal,' 'only a little,' 'merely,' or 'just', the latter particularly useful in denying intent.N. Symington, ''Narcissism'' (1990) p. 116 On a wider scale, renaming things in a more benign or neutral form—' collateral damage' for death—is a form of minimisation.

Literary analogues

A scene in the film ''

Monty Python and the Holy Grail ''Monty Python and the Holy Grail'' is a 1975 British comedy film satirizing the Arthurian legend, written and performed by the Monty Python comedy group (Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin) an ...

'' involving the Black Knight character, demonstrates an absurd level of minimisation. For example, the knight's response to his having his left arm severed is "It's just a flesh wound." Compare with the

Monty Python Monty Python (also collectively known as the Pythons) were a British comedy troupe who created the sketch comedy television show '' Monty Python's Flying Circus'', which first aired on the BBC in 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four ...

Dirty Fork sketch, which is the opposite extreme of absurdity (

catastrophisation Exaggeration is the representation of something as more extreme or dramatic than it really is. Exaggeration may occur intentionally or unintentionally. Exaggeration can be a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke stron ...

References

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