''Makamisa'' (

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

: After Mass) is an

unfinished novel An unfinished creative work is a painting, novel, musical composition, or other creative work, that has not been brought to a completed state. Its creator may have chosen not to finish it, or may have been prevented from doing so by circumstances ...

written by

Filipino Filipino may refer to: * Something from or related to the Philippines ** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines. ** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...

patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...

and writer

José Rizal José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered the national he ...

. The original manuscript was found by historian

Ambeth Ocampo Ambeth R. Ocampo (born 1961 in Manila) is a Filipino public historian, academic, cultural administrator, journalist, author, and independent curator. He is best known for his definitive writings about Philippines' national hero José Rizal and o ...

in 1987 while going through a 245-page collection of papers. This draft is written in pure,

vernacular A vernacular or vernacular language is in contrast with a "standard language". It refers to the language or dialect that is spoken by people that are inhabiting a particular country or region. The vernacular is typically the native language, n ...

Lagueño Tagalog and has no written direct signature or date of inscription. The novel has only one chapter. It runs for only ten pages and is hand-written in the old orthographic ancillary glyphs. Although written in a different language, its style, characterization and setting mirror those of Rizal's two previous works, '' Noli me tangere'' and '' El filibusterismo'' which he wrote in Spanish. The chapter ends with a short unfinished sentence: which in English is equivalent to: which therefore satisfies the theory of it being unfinished. The novel explores the mysterious ill-temperament of the town curate, ''Padre'' Agaton. Rizal later restarted work on ''Makamisa'', using

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

. However, the novel remained unfinished. The draft in Spanish was later translated to

(under the name ''Etikang Tagalog: Ang Ikatlong Nobela ni Rizal'') by Nilo S. Ocampo, of the

University of the Philippines Diliman , image = University of The Philippines seal.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = Official Logo of UP Diliman , motto = Honor and Excellence , established = February 12, 194 ...

College of Arts and Letters A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offering ...

Characters

Seven characters are mentioned in this 10-page unfinished novel: * ''Padre'' Agaton (Father Agaton) - the parochial

curate A curate () is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'') ''of souls'' of a parish. In this sense, "curate" means a parish priest; but in English-speaking countries the term ''curate'' is commonly used to describe clergy w ...

of the fictitious

town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...

of Tulig, described as a cheerful, approachable and powerful man who loves the town and is not known for his bad temper. In the story, he has a sudden, unexpected display of anger, the reason for which is yet to be revealed. * ''Kapitan'' Lucas (Town captain Lucas) - the ''

gobernadorcillo The ''gobernadorcillo'' (, literally "little governor") was a municipal judge or governor in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, who carried out in a town the combined charges or responsibilities of leadership, economic, and judic ...

'' of Tulig and is in danger of losing his government position if he does not please ''Padre'' Agaton on the upcoming

Easter Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the '' Book of Common Prayer''; "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'') and Samuel Pepys''The Diary of Samuel ...

fiesta. * ''Aleng'' Anday (Miss Anday) - female friend of ''Padre'' Agaton and the only person whom the curate loves. She is an extremely disciplined woman whom everybody admires for her generosity. * Marcela -

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...

-raised daughter of ''Kapitan'' Lucas, who returned to Tulig for her aunt's funeral. * ''Tenyente'' Tato (Lieutenant Tato) - lieutenant-general of the

guardia civil The Civil Guard ( es, Guardia Civil, link=no; ) is the oldest law enforcement agency in Spain and is one of two national police forces. As a national gendarmerie force, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil policing under the a ...

. * Don Segundo - the ''Juez de paz'' or peace officer of the town. * ''Kapitan'' Tibo - next-in-line to the ''gobernadorcillo'' office.

References

{{Jose Rizal Unfinished novels Works by José Rizal