Mahinthrathirat ( th, มหินทราธิราช, , ; 1539–1569) was king of
Ayutthaya Ayutthaya, Ayudhya, or Ayuthia may refer to:
* Ayutthaya Kingdom, a Thai kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767
** Ayutthaya Historical Park, the ruins of the old capital city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
* Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province (locally ...
1564 to 1568 and again in 1569. He ruled his first reign as a vassal of
Toungoo Burma before restoring his father in 1568 as the sovereign king. He became king again in 1569 after his father's death during the Third Siege of Ayutthaya by Toungoo forces. Mahinthrathirat was the last monarch of the
Suphannaphum Dynasty
The Ayutthaya Kingdom (; th, อยุธยา, , IAST: or , ) was a Thai people, Siamese kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city), Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-d ...
as the kingdom fell to the Burmese in 1569.
[Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited] Mahinthrathirat was known for his efforts to counter Burmese and
Phitsanulok power by seeking alliance with
Setthathirath of
Lan Xang.
A prince far from the throne
Prince Mahinthrathirat was a son of
Maha Chakkraphat
Maha Chakkraphat ( th, มหาจักรพรรดิ, ; lit.: 'The Great Emperor'; 1509 – 1569) was king of the Ayutthaya kingdom from 1548 to 1564 and 1568 to 1569. Originally called Prince Thianracha, or Prince Tien, he was put on the t ...
and Queen
Suriyothai
Suriyothai ( th, สุริโยทัย, , ; Burmese:သူရိယထိုင်း) ), date=June 2019 was a royal queen consort during the 16th century Ayutthaya period of Siam (now Thailand). She is famous for having given up her li ...
. Mahinthrathirat had an elder brother
Prince Ramesuan
Prince Ramesuan ( th, ราเมศวร; my, ဗြရာမသွန်; d. November 1564) was a Siamese prince and military commander during the Ayutthaya period in the 16th century. He was a son of Prince Thianracha (later King Maha Chak ...
the ''
Uparaja'' - then heir to the throne. In 1548,
Tabinshweti
Tabinshwehti ( my, တပင်ရွှေထီး, ; 16 April 1516 – 30 April 1550) was king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1530 to 1550, and the founder of the First Toungoo Empire. His military campaigns (1534–1549) created the largest kin ...
marched the Burmese armies to invade Ayutthaya. Mahinthrathirat joined his family to battle the Burmese. However, his mother
Queen Sri Suriyothai was killed in battle.
[
]
Wars with Bayinnaung
Bayinnaung
, image = File:Bayinnaung.JPG
, caption = Statue of Bayinnaung in front of the National Museum of Myanmar
, reign = 30 April 1550 – 10 October 1581
, coronation = 11 January 1551 at Toung ...
, brother-in-law of Tabinshweti, led the Burmese to invade Ayutthaya again in 1563. Bayinnaung laid the siege on Ayutthaya in 1564,[Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., ] and installed Mahin as the vassal king on 18 February 1564.[Harvey 1925: 167–168][(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 355): Friday, 8th waxing of Tabaung 925 ME = 18 February 1564]
Maha Thammarachathirat, the King of Phitsanulok and Maha Chakkrapat's handful noble, had allied himself with Bayinnaung since the war of 1563. Maha Chakkrapat sought an alliance with Setthathirat of Lan Xang, through the marriage of his daughter Thepkasattri, but Maha Thammarachathirat informed Bayinnaung about the arranged marriage and alliances. Bayinnaung then kidnapped Thepkasatri on her way to Vientiane
Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...
. This forced Maha Chakkrapat to abdicate the throne to his son Mahinthrathirat, who planned a joint-attack on Phitsanulok with Setthathirat. Following that failed attack, Mahinthrathirat urged his father to return to regal power in the ensuing crisis.[
]
Fall of Ayutthaya
Bayinnaung then led the Burmese armies against Ayutthaya with support from Maha Thammarachathirat. The Burmese laid siege to Ayutthaya, during which, Maha Chakkrapat fell ill and died (on 15 April 1569, according to the Burmese chronicles).[(Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 249): Friday, 1st waxing of ]Kason Kason ( my, ကဆုန်; mnw, ပသာ်) is the second month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Festivals and observances
*Vesak, Full Moon of Kason ()
** Bodhi tree, Bodhi Tree Watering Festival ()
Kason symbols
*Flower: ''Magnolia ch ...
931 ME = 15 April 1569 Mahinthrathirat assumed the throne again. In spite of several months of efforts, Ayutthaya stood the siege. Bayinnaung then bribed Phraya Chakri, a captured Siamese general, to be a spy. Mahinthrathirat embraced the returned general with trust and appointed Phraya Chakri commander of the Siamese defenses. Phraya Chakri was able to place the less-trained and incompetent troops in the front of the Burmese attack, and thus were easily defeated. The city was taken on 2 August 1569,[(Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 157): Tuesday, 6th waning of ]Wagaung
Wagaung ( my, ဝါခေါင်); formerly Nanka ( my, နံကာ) is the fifth month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Festivals and observances
* Taungbyone Nat Festival ()
*Maha Dok Festival ()
Wagaung symbols
*Flower: '' Crinum amoe ...
931 ME = 2 August 1569 after nine months.[
Bayinnuang installed Maha Thammarachathirat as the King of Ayutthaya on 29 September 1569,][Date per Burmese chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 324) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 419): 5th waning of Thadingyut 931 ME (29 September 1569). (Damrong 2001: 63) says he became king on Friday, 6th waxing of the 12th Siamese month of 931 CS, which translates to 14 October 1569. However, according to the Burmese chronicles, Friday, 6th waxing of Tazaungmon 931 ME (14 October 1569) was the date on which Bayinnaung left Ayutthaya for Phitsanulok to begin the Lan Xang campaign.] tributary to Pegu. Mahinthrathirat along with his family and the nobility were captured and taken to Pegu. Mahinthrathirat died in the same year on the way.[
]
Ancestry
Notes
References
Bibliography
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{{Front Palace and Rear Palace
Suphannaphum dynasty
Kings of Ayutthaya
1539 births
1569 deaths
16th-century monarchs in Asia
Princes of Ayutthaya
16th-century Thai people