Magyaron also Magyarons ( uk, Мадярони, be, Мадзяроны, sk, Maďarón, russian: Мадяроны, rue, Мадяроны, pl, Madziaroni) is the name of a Transcarpathian ethno-cultural group, which has an openly Hungarian orientation. They renounced their native language, culture and religion and promoted
Magyarization
Magyarization ( , also ''Hungarization'', ''Hungarianization''; hu, magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in Austro-Hungarian Transleithan ...
of the Rusyn and Ukrainian population. The Magyarons did not embrace the Ukrainian identity of the
Ruthenians
Ruthenian and Ruthene are exonyms of Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term Rutheni was used in medieval sourc ...
Rusyns
Rusyns (), also known as Carpatho-Rusyns (), or Rusnaks (), are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group from the Carpathian Rus', Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn language, Rusyn, an East Slavic languages, East Slavi ...
identity. From 1920 to 1940, the group promoted the idea of re-joining
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
Encyclopædia Britannica
The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various time ...
. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
History
The term "Magyaron" and "Magyaronian", meaning national betrayal or treason, originated in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century in Ruthenian environments and was used to describe magyarized
Ruthenians
Ruthenian and Ruthene are exonyms of Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term Rutheni was used in medieval sourc ...
.
Acculturation practices (
magyarization
Magyarization ( , also ''Hungarization'', ''Hungarianization''; hu, magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in Austro-Hungarian Transleithan ...
) conducted by Hungarian authorities were the principal factor in the emergence of the Magyarons. In the Hungarian kingdom, living conditions and a psychological climate were created which pressured minorities to adapt by renouncing their own national culture, language, political, religious, and other views. In Hungarian society, only adherence to these acculturation practices made it possible to obtain education, occupy a high position and enjoy career advancement, or simply have means of subsistence.
In time of Ukrainian Revolution, the Magyarons conducted activities against the accession of Transcarpathia to
West Ukrainian People's Republic
The West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR) or West Ukrainian National Republic (WUNR), known for part of its existence as the Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic, was a short-lived polity that controlled most of Eastern Gali ...
.
During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Magyarons worked closely with the Hungarian government, attacked the ''Sichovyks'' (soldiers of
Carpathian Sich
The Carpathian Sich ( uk, Організація народної оборони Карпатська Січ, Orhanizatsiia narodnoii oborony Karpatska Sich – National Defense Organization Carpathian Sich) and participated in torture and shootings of them.
Hungarian-Rusyn People's Council
On November 9, 1918 in Ungvár (now
Uzhhorod
Uzhhorod ( uk, У́жгород, , ; ) is a city and municipality on the river Uzh in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistant from the Baltic, the Adriatic and the B ...
,
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
), the "Hungarian-Rusyn People's Council" was formed by the Magyarons, headed by the canon of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Munkács, Simeon Sabov (1863–1929). The Hungarian-Rusyn People's Council adopted the "Memorandum", which stated that the Hungarian-Rusyn people would join their homeland, Hungary, and advocated for the integrity of its territory.
The main Magyarons party in
Transcarpathia
Transcarpathia may refer to:
Place
* relative term, designating any region beyond the Carpathians (lat. ''trans-'' / beyond, over), depending on a point of observation
* Romanian Transcarpathia, designation for Romanian regions on the inner or ...
Little Russian identity
The Little Russian identity was a cultural, political, and ethnic self-identificationКотенко А. Л., Мартынюк О. В., Миллер А. И«Малоросс»: эволюция понятия до первой мировой вой ...
Magyarization
Magyarization ( , also ''Hungarization'', ''Hungarianization''; hu, magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in Austro-Hungarian Transleithan ...