''(S)-''Magnoflorine is a quaternary

benzylisoquinoline Substitution of the heterocycle isoquinoline at the C1 position by a benzyl group provides 1‑benzylisoquinoline, the most widely examined of the numerous benzylisoquinoline structural isomers. The 1-benzylisoquinoline moiety can be identified wi ...

alkaloid Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ...

(BIA) of the

aporphine Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula . The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) name of aporphine is ''6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo e,guinoline.'' It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine ...

structural subgroup which has been isolated from various species of the family

Menispermaceae Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the 'tube curare' form ...

, such as ''Pachygone ovata,'' '' Sinomenium acutum,'' and ''

Cissampelos pareira ''Cissampelos pareira'' (velvetleaf) is a species of flowering plant in the family Menispermaceae. Morphology It is a slender tomentose climber. The leaves are peltate, 2.5–12 cm long, 2.5–11.5 cm broad, triangularly broad-ovate ...

.'' It was identified among the verified

anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs remedy pain by reducing inflammation as o ...

components in an extract of ''Sinomenii caulis'' and has been proposed to have other potential physiological effects, such as

sedative A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are CNS depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but t ...

and

anxiolytic An anxiolytic (; also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxi ...

, reduction of erythrocyte

hemolysis Hemolysis or haemolysis (), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo o ...

, antifungal activity, improvement of LPS-induced acute lung injury, and protection against muscle atrophy. Furthermore, magnoflorine has been identified to be an inhibitor of

NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular ...

activation and to be an

agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the ago ...

at the β₂ -adrenergic receptor. ''(S)-''Magnoflorine is metabolically derived from ''(S)-''reticuline, a pivotal intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous BIA structural subgroups, through two enzymatic steps: first, ''(S)-''corytuberine synthase/CYP80G2 to ''(S)-''corytuberine, and secondly, ''(S)-''corytuberine-''N''-methyltransferase to ''(S)-''magnoflorine.

References

Aporphine alkaloids Quaternary ammonium compounds {{alkaloid-stub