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Mae Murray (born Marie Adrienne Koenig; May 10, 1885 – March 23, 1965) was an American actress, dancer, film producer, and screenwriter. Murray rose to fame during the silent film era and was known as "The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips" and "The Gardenia of the Screen".


Early life

Murray was born in New York City, the second-oldest child of Joseph and Mary (née Miller) Koenig. Her maternal grandparents had emigrated from France while her paternal grandparents had emigrated from Germany. She had two brothers, William Robert (born November 1889) and Howard Joseph (born January 1884). The family eventually moved to an apartment in the
Lower East Side The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Traditionally an im ...
. In May 1896, Joseph Koenig, Murray's father, died from acute gastritis due to his alcoholism. To support the family, Mary Koenig took a job as a housekeeper for Harry Payne Whitney.


Career


Stage

Murray began acting on the Broadway stage in 1906 with dancer Vernon Castle. In 1908, she joined the chorus line of the Ziegfeld Follies, moving up to headliner by 1915. Murray became a star of the club circuit in both the United States and Europe, performing with Clifton Webb,
Rudolph Valentino Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguolla (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926), known professionally as Rudolph Valentino and nicknamed The Latin Lover, was an Italian actor based in the United States who starred ...
, and John Gilbert as some of her many dance partners.


Films

Murray made her motion picture debut in '' To Have and to Hold'' in 1916. She became a major star for Universal, starring with
Rudolph Valentino Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguolla (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926), known professionally as Rudolph Valentino and nicknamed The Latin Lover, was an Italian actor based in the United States who starred ...
in '' The Delicious Little Devil'' and ''
Big Little Person ''The Big Little Person'' was a 1919 American silent film, silent romantic drama film produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. Based on the novel of the same name by Rebecca Lane Hooper Eastman, the film was directed by Robert Z. Leonard a ...
'' in 1919. At the height of her popularity, Murray formed her own production company with her director, Robert Z. Leonard. Critics were sometimes less than thrilled with her over-the-top costumes and exaggerated emoting, but her films were popular with movie-going audiences and financially successful. In 1925, Murray, Leonard, and Stahl produced films at Tiffany Pictures, with ''Souls for Sables'' (1925), starring Claire Windsor and Eugene O'Brien, as the first film made by Tiffany. For a brief period of time, Murray wrote a weekly column for newspaper scion William Randolph Hearst. At her career peak in the early 1920s, Murray, along with such other notable Hollywood personalities as Cecil B. DeMille, Douglas Fairbanks, William S. Hart,
Jesse L. Lasky Jesse Louis Lasky (September 13, 1880 – January 13, 1958) was an American pioneer motion picture producer who was a key founder of what was to become Paramount Pictures, and father of screenwriter Jesse L. Lasky Jr. Early life Born in to ...
, Harold Lloyd, Hal Roach, Donald Crisp, Conrad Nagel and Irving Thalberg was a member of the board of trustees at the Motion Picture & Television Fund – a charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries without resources. Four decades later, Murray herself received aid from that organization. In the early 1920s, Murray was painted by well-known Hollywood portrait painter Theodore Lukits. This work titled ''Symphony in Jade and Gold (The Actress Mae Murray)'' (1922, private collection, northern California) depicted Murray nude, gazing in a mirror. It was exhibited at the Pacific Asia Museum in 1999 and two other venues as part of the exhibition ''Theodore Lukits, An American Orientalist''.


Decline

Murray appeared in the title role in the
Erich von Stroheim Erich Oswald Hans Carl Maria von Stroheim (born Erich Oswald Stroheim; September 22, 1885 – May 12, 1957) was an Austrian-American director, actor and producer, most noted as a film star and avant-garde, visionary director of the silent era. H ...
-directed film '' The Merry Widow'' (1925), opposite John Gilbert. When silent films gave way to talkies, she made an insecure debut in the new medium in '' Peacock Alley'' (1930), a remake of her earlier 1921 version '' Peacock Alley''. In 1931, she was cast with newcomer Irene Dunne, leading man Lowell Sherman, and fellow silent screen star Norman Kerry in the talkie '' Bachelor Apartment''. The film was critically panned at the time of release and Murray made only one more film, ''High Stakes'' (1931), also with Sherman. A critical blow to her film career occurred after she married her fourth husband, David Mdivani, a Georgian man of minor aristocratic roots, whose brothers Serge and Alexis married actress Pola Negri and the heiress Barbara Hutton respectively. The couple married on June 27, 1926, and Mdivani became her manager, suggesting that his new wife ought to leave MGM. Murray took her husband's advice and walked out of her contract with MGM, making a powerful foe of studio boss Louis B. Mayer. Later, she would swallow her pride and pleaded to return, but Mayer would not rehire her. In effect, Mayer's hostility meant that Murray was blacklisted from working for the Hollywood studios.Program Note for "High Stakes" issued by Films on the Hill, Washington DC (June 13, 2009). Meanwhile, in 1927, Murray was sued by her then-masseuse, the famous Hollywood fitness guru Sylvia of Hollywood, for the outstanding amount of $2,125; a humiliating and detailed court case followed.


Later years

In the 1940s, Murray appeared regularly at
Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe ''Diamond Horseshoe'' (also billed as ''Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe'') is a 1945 Technicolor musical film starring Betty Grable and Dick Haymes, directed by George Seaton, and released by 20th Century Fox. It was filmed in Billy Rose's Diam ...
, a nightclub which specialized in a "Gay '90s" atmosphere, often presenting stars of the past for nostalgic value. Her appearances collected mixed reviews: her dancing (in particular the Merry Widow Waltz) was well received, but she was criticized for her youthful costumes and heavy makeup application, trying to conceal her age. In 1946, she taught ballroom dancing to young teenagers at a dance studio in Los Angeles. It was located on Crenshaw Blvd., near 48th Street. Murray's finances continued to collapse, and for most of her later life she lived in poverty. She was the subject of an authorized biography, ''The Self-Enchanted'' (1959), written by Jane Ardmore, that has often been incorrectly called Murray's autobiography. On the evening of February 19, 1964, 78-year-old Murray was found disoriented in St. Louis, thinking that she had completed a bus trip to
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
. Murray explained to a
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officer that she had become lost trying to find her hotel, which she had forgotten the name of. She also refused bus fare back to Los Angeles as she claimed to have a ticket for the remainder of the journey in her purse, "if she could find it."


Personal life

In September 1908, in Hoboken, New Jersey, while she was appearing in the ''Follies of 1908'', Murray married William M. Schwenker Jr. (born 1885), the unemployed son of a brewery-supply dealer, who cut off his son's allowance upon news of the wedding; they divorced in 1910. On December 18, 1916, she married former dancer and future Olympic bobsled champion Jay O'Brien. He had been married to Irene Fenwick. After divorcing O'Brien in 1918, Murray wed movie director Robert Z. Leonard on August 18, 1918; they divorced on May 26, 1925. Murray married her fourth husband, David Mdivani, on June 27, 1926. They had one child, Koran David Mdivani (1926-2018), before divorcing in 1933. Koran was later raised by Sara Elizabeth "Bess" Cunning of
Averill Park, New York Averill Park is a census-designated place within the town of Sand Lake in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,693 at the 2010 census. The community is named after the local Averill family. It is located on Route 4 ...
, who began taking care of him in 1936, when the child was recovering from a double mastoid operation (Cunning's brother Dr. David Cunning was the surgeon). When Murray attempted to regain custody of her son in 1939, Cunning and her other brothers, John, Ambrose, and Cortland, refused, according to '' The New York Times'', at which time Murray and her former husband, Mdivani, entered a bitter custody dispute. It finally ended in 1940, with Murray being given legal custody of the child and the court ordering Mdivani to pay $400 a month maintenance. However, Koran Mdivani continued to live with Bess Cunning, who adopted him in 1940 under the name Daniel Michael Cunning. Reportedly, Mdivani had managed to drain nearly all of Murray's money.


Death

Many years later, Murray moved into the
Motion Picture House In physics, motion is the phenomenon in which an object changes its position with respect to time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed and frame of reference to an observer and meas ...
in Woodland Hills, a retirement community for Hollywood professionals. She died there on March 23, 1965 at the age of 79. She is interred in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery, North Hollywood, California. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Mae Murray has a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a historic landmark which consists of more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, Californ ...
at 6318 Hollywood Blvd. She was one of three actresses ( Pola Negri and Theda Bara were the others) whose eyes were combined to form the Chicago International Film Festival's logo, a stark, black and white close-up of the composite eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film.About Our Logo – The Chicago International Film Festival.
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Filmography


References

;Notes ;Bibliography * Jane Kesner Morris Ardmore, ''The Self-Enchanted: Mae Murray, Image of an Era.'' (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959) * "The Rise to Stardom of Mae Murray" by Jimmy Bangley in ''Classic Images'' August 1996 (Muscatine, Iowa: Muscatine Journal, 1996) * F. Cugat, "Mae Murray's Victory", ''Movie Weekly'' (August 19, 1922) * Frances Marion, ''Off With Their Heads!'' (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972) * Adela Rogers St. Johns, "Mae Murray-A Study in Contradictions", ''Photoplay'' (July 1924), 43


External links

* *
Mae Murray
at the Women Film Pioneers Project * * Mae Murray a

* Mae Murray Biography a


Mae Murray
at Virtual History

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, Mae 1885 births 1965 deaths 20th-century American actresses Actresses from New York City American film actresses Film producers from New York (state) American people of German descent American people of French descent American silent film actresses American stage actresses Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players American women screenwriters Ziegfeld girls Women film pioneers Screenwriters from New York (state) American women film producers 20th-century American women writers 20th-century American screenwriters