Madonna dell'Orto

The Madonna dell'Orto is a church in Venice, Italy, in the ''sestiere'' of Cannaregio.

History

The church was erected by the now-defunct religious order the "Humiliati" in the mid-14th century, under the direction of Tiberio da Parma, who is buried in the interior. It was initially dedicated to St. Christopher, patron saint of travellers, but its popular name suggesting consecration to Holy Virgin comes from the following century, when an allegedly miraculous statue of the Madonna, commissioned for the Church of S. Maria Formosa but rejected, was brought to the Church from the nearby orchard ( ''orto'' in Italian) where it had languished.

The church lay on weak foundations and in 1399 a restoration project was financed by the city's Maggior Consiglio. The Humiliati, due to their "depraved customs", were ousted in 1462 and the Madonna dell'Orto was assigned to the congregation of Canons Regular of San Giorgio in Alga. The latter order was suppressed in 1668, and the following year the Church and convent annexed were handed over to Cistercians of Lombardy. In 1787 the church came under public administration. Restoration was begun under Austrian rule in the 1840s and finished in 1869, by which time Venice had become part of the unified Kingdom of Italy.

Façade

The façade, built in 1460–1464, has sloping sides and is in brickwork, divided in three parts by two pilasters strips. The two side sections have quadruple mullioned windows, while the central has a large rose window. The portal is surmounted by a pointed arch with white stone decorations portraying, on the summit, St. Christopher, the Madonna and the Archangel Gabriel by Nicolò di Giovanni Fiorentino and Antonio Rizzo. Under is a tympanum, in porphyry, supported by circular pilaster strips. The whole is included into a porch with Corinthian columns.

The upper central section is decorated by small arches and bas-reliefs with geometrical motifs. The upper sides have instead twelve niches each, containing statues of the Apostles. Five other Gothic niches are in the central section, with 18th-century statues representing Prudence, Charity, Faith, Hope and Temperance, taken from the demolished church of Santo Stefano.

Interior

The interior has a nave and two aisles, with double-framed pointed arches supported by Greek marble columns. The transept is absent, while in the rear is a pentagonal apse decorated by paintings by Jacopo Robusti, known as Tintoretto, who is buried here. The organ over the entrance was built in 1878, and is one of the most powerful in Venice.

At an altar to the south/right of the main entrance is ''St. John Baptist and Saints'' by Cima da Conegliano, and in the fourth chapel on the North/left facing the main altar, the Contarini Chapel, there is a notable ''St. Agnes'' by Tintoretto. The Renaissance Valier Chapel once housed a small ''Madonna with Child'' by Giovanni Bellini (1481), stolen in 1993. Other works by Tintoretto in the church include a ''Presentation in the Temple'' (South aisle, close to the East end), ''Adoration of the Golden Calf'', ''Last Judgement'' (both in the apse, either side of the main altar) and the ''Four Cardinal Virtues'' (in the upper storey of the apse, behind the altar), all from 1562 to 1564.

Image:Madonna dell'Orto (Venice) - Interior.jpg, Interior of the church.
Madonna dell'Orto (Venice) - Interior - Gallery organ.jpg, The organ over the entrance.
Madonna dell'Orto (Venice) - Interior - Baptismal Fonts.jpg, Baptismal Fonts.

Right Nave

*Sculpture of ''Madonna with Child'', attributed to Antonio Rizzo
*Altarpiece of ''St John Baptist with Saints Peter, Mark, Jerome, and Paul'', by Cima da Conegliano.
*''St Christopher Martyr'', copy of original by Cima da Conegliano
*Altar of Immaculate conception: built in 1593 to accommodate miraculous statue now in Cappella San Mauro
*Monument to Gerolamo Cavazza by Giuseppe Sardi (1624–1699)
*''Martrydom of St Lorenzo'' by Daniel van den Dyck

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