''Mactra'' is a large genus of medium-sized
marine bivalve mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s or clams, commonly known as
trough shells or
duck clams. ''Mactra'' is the
type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...
within the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Mactridae
Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida.
Description
These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded- ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mactra Linnaeus, 1767. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138158 on 2021-06-03]
The word "trough" in the common name refers to the fact that all ''Mactra'' shells have a large ligamental pit at the hinge line, which in life contains a large internal ligament. Most bivalves in other families have an external ligament instead.
Species
* ''
Mactra chinensis
''Mactra chinensis'' is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Mactridae, the trough shells.
Distribution and habitat
''Mactra chinensis'' is found living in sandy substrates in shallow marine habitats in Vietnam, ...
''
Philippi, 1846
* ''
Mactra glabrata''
Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1767
* ''
Mactra glauca''
Born, 1778
* ''
Mactra grandis''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''
Mactra guidoi''
Signorelli & F. Scarabino, 2010
* ''
Mactra isabelleana''
d'Orbiginny, 1846
* ''
Mactra lilacea''
Lamarck, 1818
* ''
Mactra quadrangularis''
Reeve, 1854
* ''
Mactra sauliana''
Gray, 1838
* ''
Mactra stultorum
''Mactra stultorum'', previously sometimes known as ''Mactra corallina'', is a species of edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Mactridae, the trough shells.
Distribution
This species lives in the Black Sea, the Medite ...
''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
* ''
Mactra veneriformis'' (
シオフキガイ, ''shiofukigai'' in Japanese; ''동죽 조개'' in Korean)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Mactra acutissima''
Cosel, 1995: synonym of ''
Scissodesma acutissima''
(Cosel, 1995)
* ''Mactra angolensis''
Cosel, 1995: synonym of ''
Scissodesma angolensis''
(Cosel, 1995)
* ''Mactra discors''
Gray, 1873: synonym of ''
Spisula discors''
(Gray, 1837)
* ''Mactra inconstans''
Cosel, 1995: synonym of ''
Huberimactra inconstans''
(Cosel, 1995)
* ''Mactra micronitida''
Cosel, 1995: synonym of ''
Scissodesma micronitida''
(Cosel, 1995)
* ''Mactra murchisoni''
Deshayes, 1854 : synonym of ''
Spisula murchisoni''
(Reeve, 1854)
* ''Mactra nitida''
Spengler, 1786: synonym of ''
Scissodesma nitida''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Mactra ordinaria''
(E.A.Smith, 1898) : synonym of ''
Maorimactra ordinaria''
(E. A. Smith, 1898)
* ''Mactra ovata''
Wood 1828 : synonym of ''
Paphies australis
''Paphies australis'' or pipi (from the Māori language) is a bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Paphies australis (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...
''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Mactra rostrata''
Spengler, 1802: synonym of ''
Barymactra rostrata''
(Spengler, 1802)
* ''Mactra silicula''
Reeve, 1854: synonym of ''
Mactrotoma compressa''
(Spengler, 1802)
* ''Mactra tristis''
(Reeve, 1854): synonym of ''
Cyclomactra tristis''
(Reeve, 1854)
* ''Mactra vitrea''
Gray, 1837: synonym of ''
Huberimactra grayi''
(M. Huber, 2015)
References
*
{{Commons category
Mactridae
Bivalve genera