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Macheng () is a city in northeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering the provinces of Henan to the north and Anhui to the northeast. It is a county-level city under the administration of
Huanggang Huanggang is a prefecture-level city in easternmost Hubei Province, China. It is situated to the north of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is bounded in the north by the Dabie Mountains and is named after Mount Huanggang. It borders ...
City and abuts the south side of the
Dabie Mountains The Dabie Mountains () are a major mountain range located in central China. Running northwest-to-southeast, they form the main watershed between the Huai and Yangtze rivers. The range also marks the boundary between Hubei Province and its neighbo ...
. The city's administrative area covers about , and includes some 704 villages and small towns. Total population was 849,092 at the 2010 census.


History

Macheng has a long history, dating back to the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...
as part of the state of
Chu Chu or CHU may refer to: Chinese history * Chu (state) (c. 1030 BC–223 BC), a state during the Zhou dynasty * Western Chu (206 BC–202 BC), a state founded and ruled by Xiang Yu * Chu Kingdom (Han dynasty) (201 BC–70 AD), a kingdom of the Ha ...
, and was the site of the historic Battle of Boju fought between Chu and Wu in 506 BC. It was named Macheng in 598 AD. In 1927, a major peasant revolt erupted in Macheng, creating a strong base for the ensuing Communist revolution in 1949. More than 100,000 people joined Mao's Red Army under local Generals, Wang Shusheng and Chen Zaidao. A guerilla base in Macheng was eliminated in the
Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabieshan Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabie Shan, Dabieshan was a counter-guerrilla / counterinsurgency campaign the Communist Party of China, communists fought against the Kuomintang, nationalist guerrilla that was mostly consisted of bandits and natio ...
. Macheng played a key role during the
Great Leap Forward The Great Leap Forward (Second Five Year Plan) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1958 to 1962. CCP Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to reconstruc ...
. In an effort to increase crop yields, the local communist cadres began demolishing walls of old buildings, abandoned huts and farm stables where animals had urinated to provide nutrients for the soil. In January 1958, Macheng County was exalted by the provincial party secretary,
Wang Renzhong Wang Renzhong (; January 15, 1917 – March 16, 1992) was a Chinese political leader. He was born to a peasant family in Jing County, Hebei. In November 1933, he joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). From 1938, he served as the vice director of ...
. for reaching a rice yield of six tonnes per hectare. The
People's Daily The ''People's Daily'' () is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The newspaper provides direct information on the policies and viewpoints of the CCP. In addition to its main Chinese-language ...
applauded the efforts in an op-ed and labelled it as a 'model commune' which attracted more than half a million cadres in 1958, including Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and Li Xiannian. Spurred on by the positive coverage, overzealous local officials destroyed more than 50,000 houses in an effort to make more manure which spurred other neighboring counties and provinces to follow. More than 30-40% of all houses in China were destroyed following this incident during the Great Leap Forward.


Geography


Administrative Divisions

Macheng administers:


Geography of city

The county-level city of Macheng has a total land area of 3,600 km2 (1,400 sq mi). It is located in the northeastern portions of Hubei. Most of the higher elevation portions of the
Dabie Mountains The Dabie Mountains () are a major mountain range located in central China. Running northwest-to-southeast, they form the main watershed between the Huai and Yangtze rivers. The range also marks the boundary between Hubei Province and its neighbo ...
is on the northern portions of the city. It is bordered by Henan to the northwest and Anhui to the northeast respectively. The region where Macheng is located is considered as a
subtropical area The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north ...
and the Dabie mountainous terrain is mainly to the north and northeast.


Climate

Macheng has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
( Köppen climate classification: ''Cfa'') with very hot summers and relatively cold winters.


Economy


Transportation

There are two railway stations in Macheng. Macheng railway station is on the Beijing–Kowloon railway between Beijing and Hong Kong. Macheng North railway station is on the Hefei–Wuhan railway.


Villages

* Xiangqishan Village


References


Google Maps Mangcheng
* Willam T. Rowe, ''Crimson Rain: Seven Centuries of Violence in a Chinese County'' (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), {{Authority control Cities in Hubei Huanggang County-level divisions of Hubei