Machalilla National Park ( es, Parque Nacional Machalilla) is a preserve in the
Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...
ian
Manabí Province
Manabí () is a province in Ecuador. Its capital is Portoviejo. The province is named after the Manabí people.
Demographics
Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010:
*Mestizo 66.7%
* Montubio 19.2%
* Afro-Ecuadorian 6.0%
*White 7 ...
near
Puerto López and the rural parish of
Machalilla, a small fishing village in the vicinity of the park.
Established in 1979, Machalilla National Park near Puerto Lopéz rests along the Pacific coast. It incorporates beaches,
fog forest,
dry forest
Dry or dryness most often refers to:
* Lack of rainfall, which may refer to
**Arid regions
**Drought
* Dry or dry area, relating to legal prohibition of selling, serving, or imbibing alcoholic beverages
* Dry humor, deadpan
* Dryness (medical)
...
, small islands and two larger islands, Salango and Isla de la Plata, the latter named for a legendary hoard of silver left by
Sir Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake ( – 28 January 1596) was an English explorer, sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer, and politician. Drake is best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580 (t ...
.
[Smith, Julian]
Machalilla National Park and Vicinity
. May 1998. Accessed August 2, 2007.
In 1990 the park was named an internationally important
wetland
A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently (for years or decades) or seasonally (for weeks or months). Flooding results in oxygen-free (anoxic) processes prevailing, especially in the soils. The ...
under the
Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It i ...
. Wildlife includes
armadillo
Armadillos (meaning "little armored ones" in Spanish) are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata. The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along wi ...
s, two species of monkeys and birds of more than 270 species.
[Dry Tropical Forests of Ecuador](_blank)
. Accessed August 2, 2007 Many of the large mammals in Machalilla National Park are regionally and locally
endangered
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...
. Machalilla National Park is the only
habitat
In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...
outside of the
Galapagos Islands of
waved albatross
The waved albatross (''Phoebastria irrorata''), also known as Galapagos albatross,Remsen Jr., J.V. (2008) is the only member of the family Diomedeidae located in the tropics. When they forage, they follow a straight path to a single site off the ...
.
The only known records of the
Belted Kingfisher
The belted kingfisher (''Megaceryle alcyon'') is a large, conspicuous water kingfisher, native to North America. All kingfishers were formerly placed in one family, Alcedinidae, but recent research suggests that this should be divided into three ...
in Ecuador also come from the coastland of Ecuador.
The ocean regions of the park also provide a breeding ground for
humpback whale
The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hump ...
s. Vegetation includes
opuntia cactus,
palo santo trees,
kapok tree
Kapok tree can refer to several plants Malvales with one exception with seeds that grow long hairs:
*''Bombax ceiba'', an Asian tree with red flowers
*''Calotropis procera'' (Asterid), a shrub with white and purple flowers, native to Asia and ...
s and the algaroba tree.
Most of the tropical scrub desert and forest of western Ecuador, once 25% but now only 1%, can be found in the park.
Machalilla National Park has been threatened by a number of factors, including
deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...
,
commercial fishing
Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries. It provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world, but those who practice it as an industry must often ...
,
poaching
Poaching has been defined as the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights.
Poaching was once performed by impoverished peasants for subsistence purposes and to supplement meager diets. It was set a ...
and the ecological impact of the
tourist industry
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism mo ...
. In 1991,
The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.
Founded in 1951, The Natu ...
, the
United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance. With a budget of over $27 bi ...
and a group of partner organizations across
Latin America
Latin America or
* french: Amérique Latine, link=no
* ht, Amerik Latin, link=no
* pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...
and the
Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
began contributing funds for conservation as part of the
Parks in Peril (PiP) program. Machalilla National Park opened an on-site center for educating visitors about the ecology of the park and conservation issues. The park also hired locals to serve as guards, increasing local awareness of the issues impacting the park. Machalilla's partner organization,
Fundación Natura, has also worked with local communities to provide training on environmentally
agricultural
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food ...
and fishing practices.
References
External links
*
VisitPuertoLopez.comTourism website detailing activities in Machalilla National Park
{{Authority control
National parks of Ecuador
Ramsar sites in Ecuador
Puerto López Canton
Protected areas established in 1979
Geography of Manabí Province
Tourist attractions in Manabí Province