Macaria or Makaria (
Greek Μακαρία) is the name of two figures from
ancient Greek religion
Religious practices in ancient Greece encompassed a collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology, in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. The application of the modern concept of "religion" to ancient cultures has been ...
and
mythology. Although they are not said to be the same and are given different fathers, they are discussed together in a single entry both in the 10th-century
Byzantine encyclopedia the ''
Suda
The ''Suda'' or ''Souda'' (; grc-x-medieval, Σοῦδα, Soûda; la, Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas ...
'' and by
Zenobius
Zenobius ( grc-gre, Ζηνόβιος) was a Greek sophist, who taught rhetoric at Rome during the reign of Emperor Hadrian (AD 117–138).
Biography
He was the author of a collection of proverbs in three books, still extant in an abridged form, ...
.
Daughter of Heracles
In the ''
Heracleidae'' of
Euripides, Macaria ("she who is blessed") is a daughter of
Heracles. Even after Heracles' death, King
Eurystheus pursues his lifelong vendetta against the
hero by hunting down his children. Macaria flees with her siblings and her father's old friend
Iolaus to
Athens, where they are received by
Demophon, the king.
Arriving at the gates of Athens with his army, Eurystheus gives Demophon an ultimatum, threatening war upon Athens unless Demophon surrenders Heracles's children. When Demophon refuses and begins to prepare for war, an
oracle
An oracle is a person or agency considered to provide wise and insightful counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. As such, it is a form of divination.
Description
The word '' ...
informs him that Athens will be victorious only if a noble maiden is sacrificed to
Persephone. Upon hearing this, Macaria sees that her only choice is immediate death on the altar or eventual death at the hands of Eurystheus. Since in neither case will she be granted a normal, happy life, she offers herself as the victim to save the welcoming city and its inhabitants, declining a lottery that would put other girls at risk. The Athenians honored her with lavish funeral rites, and the myth has an
aetiological
Etiology (pronounced ; alternatively: aetiology or ætiology) is the study of causation or origination. The word is derived from the Greek (''aitiología'') "giving a reason for" (, ''aitía'', "cause"); and ('' -logía''). More completely, e ...
aspect: the spring where she died was named the Macarian in her honor.
Goddess
A goddess Macaria ('μακαρία', literally 'blessed') is named in the Byzantine encyclopedia ''
Suda
The ''Suda'' or ''Souda'' (; grc-x-medieval, Σοῦδα, Soûda; la, Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas ...
''. According to the ''Suda'', this Macaria is the daughter of
Hades
Hades (; grc-gre, ᾍδης, Háidēs; ), in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with which his name became synonymous. Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although this also ...
(no mother is mentioned). She seems to have embodied a
blessed
Blessed may refer to:
* The state of having received a blessing
* Blessed, a title assigned by the Roman Catholic Church to someone who has been beatified
Film and television
* ''Blessed'' (2004 film), a 2004 motion picture about a supernatural ...
death; the ''Suda'' connects her name to the
figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from ordinary language use in order to produce a rhetorical effect. Figures of speech are traditionally classified into '' schemes,'' which vary the ordinary ...
"be gone to blessedness," instead of misery or damnation, which may be
euphemistic, in the way that the dead are referred to as "the blessed ones." The phrase was proverbial for those whose courage endangered them.
['']Suda
The ''Suda'' or ''Souda'' (; grc-x-medieval, Σοῦδα, Soûda; la, Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas ...
'', beta 74; Greek text with English translation at Suda On Line
beta 74.
/ref>
References
External links
* Makaria a
* English translation o
{{Authority control
Heracleidae
Greek goddesses
Underworld goddesses
Children of Heracles