Mabel Minerva Young
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Mabel Minerva Young (1872 – 1963) was an American mathematician active at
Wellesley College Wellesley College is a private women's liberal arts college in Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1870 by Henry and Pauline Durant as a female seminary, it is a member of the original Seven Sisters Colleges, an unofficial g ...
.


Life

Young was born July 18, 1872, in Worcester, Massachusetts. She began study at Wellesley College in 1894. Going to graduate study at Columbia University, she graduated with a master's degree in 1899. First she taught English at Northfield Seminary. In 1904 she began her long service at Wellesley College, beginning as an assistant in
mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
and becoming a full professor. Taking a leave of absence, she studied for her Ph.D. with Frank Morley at Johns Hopkins University. Her thesis was titled "Dupin's cyclide as a self-dual surface". With her doctoral degree, Young was eventually promoted to professor and became Lewis Attenbury Stimson Professor of Mathematics at Wellesley College. In 1933 Young contributed an article to
American Mathematical Monthly ''The American Mathematical Monthly'' is a mathematical journal founded by Benjamin Finkel in 1894. It is published ten times each year by Taylor & Francis for the Mathematical Association of America. The ''American Mathematical Monthly'' is an e ...
on a configuration of triangles associated with a parabola π. Let π be a parabola, ''p'' and ''q'' fixed tangents to π that intersect at T. Then a variable tangent to π forms a triangle with ''p'' and ''q''. The variability of this tangent describes the "single infinity of triangles". The corresponding orthocenters, circumcenters, centroids, and centers of the nine-point circle are approached using projective properties of the triangles. Young became emeritus professor in 1941. She died March 4, 1963, at Wellesley.


Solutions of AMM problems

One of the features of
American Mathematical Monthly ''The American Mathematical Monthly'' is a mathematical journal founded by Benjamin Finkel in 1894. It is published ten times each year by Taylor & Francis for the Mathematical Association of America. The ''American Mathematical Monthly'' is an e ...
is a section devoted to problems articulated by readers, and eventual solutions of said problems. The published solutions are chosen for their elegance, and five involving geometry were by Mabel Young. Given a point and a circle, find the locus of second circles where the radical axis of the two circles lies on the given point. Young’s analytical geometry solution established a condition on the radii. A given segment subtends an angle from a point on another line. As the point moves along its line, find the envelope of the bisectors of the angles. Young's solution established the class of the envelope curve using projective geometry. Let a point and a pair of intersecting planes be fixed. Then as a variable line lies on the point, find the locus of the midpoint of the segment determined by the planes. Young's solution starts with a line ''p'' through the point and parallel to the intersection of the planes. She identified the locus as a
hyperbolic cylinder A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infini ...
through use of a third parallel midway between the others that is the projective harmonic conjugate of a line at infinity. In a triangle ''ABC'' the feet of the altitudes and midpoints of the sides are used to define three involutions. The problem was to show that the
double point In geometry, a singular point on a curve is one where the curve is not given by a smooth embedding of a parameter. The precise definition of a singular point depends on the type of curve being studied. Algebraic curves in the plane Algebraic cu ...
s of these involutions are three pairs of opposite vertices of a complete quadrilateral. Young's solution used the radical axis of the circumcircle and nine-point circle of the triangle. Young proposed construction of a
strophoid In geometry, a strophoid is a curve generated from a given curve and points (the fixed point) and (the pole) as follows: Let be a variable line passing through and intersecting at . Now let and be the two points on whose distance from ...
: Form triangle ''AOB'' from a fixed point ''A'' and a variable ''B'' on circle centered at ''O''. Then the locus of the orthocenter of ''AOB'' is a strophoid. Another problem required the concurrence of three lines determined by a triangle's altitudes and angle bisectors. Young's solution pointed to the Gergonne point and Nagel point of the triangle to obtain the concurrence.''AMM'' 38(3): 177


References

* Boston Globe (March 5, 1963) "Mabel Young 89, headed math department at Wellesley College" * {{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Mabel Minerva 1872 births 1963 deaths Wellesley College faculty Geometers American mathematics educators 20th-century American women scientists 20th-century American mathematicians 20th-century American women mathematicians