MUSA (MUltichannel Speaking Automaton) was an early prototype of

Speech Synthesis Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal languag ...

machine started in 1975.

Description

It consisted of a stand-alone computer hardware and a specialized software that implemented a

diphone In phonetics, a diphone is an adjacent pair of phones in an utterance. For example, in aɪfəʊn the diphones are a ɪ �f ə �ʊ �n The term is usually used to refer to a recording of the transition between two phones. In the following di ...

-synthesis technology. It was one of the first real-time TTS systems. It was able to read Italian in intellegibile robotic voice and also to sing managing up to 8 synthesis channels in parallel thanks to

Linear predictive coding Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model. ...

technology. In 1978 it was released, after the building of a working prototype, a 45" rpm audio disk containing some trial content of such synthesis, including the song ''" Fra Martino Campanaro"'' in "

a cappella ''A cappella'' (, also , ; ) music is a performance by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. The term ''a cappella'' was originally intended to differentiate between Ren ...

" (multiple voices) style, attached to some commercial reviews. The experiment was conducted by

CSELT Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni (CSELT) was an Italian research center for telecommunication based in Torino, the biggest in Italy and one of the most important in Europe. It played a major role internationally especially in the stand ...

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

and was led by Giulio Modena.

Speech synthesis Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal languag ...

* Eloquens (software)

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External links

* * {{cite web , url= https://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/0607-loquendo-speech/Baggia_Trento_2006_sml.pdf, title= W3C: Speech Technologies and Standards - DIT Seminars, Povo, Trento., last= Baggia, first= Paolo, date= 2006, website= W3C, publisher= , access-date= June 22, 2022, language=it Applications of artificial intelligence Computational linguistics History of human–computer interaction

Description

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External links