MKB "Fakel" (russian: МКБ "Факел", ''"Torch"'') also known as P.D.Grushin Machine-building Design Bureau is a Russian government-owned aerospace defense corporation located in

Khimki Khimki ( rus, Химки, p=ˈxʲimkʲɪ) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, 18.25 kilometres northwest of central Moscow, and immediately beyond the Moscow city boundary. History Origins and formation Khimki was initially a railway station th ...

, Moscow Oblast, Russia.

History

MKB Fakel was founded in 1953 under the designation OKB-2 to facilitate development of guided surface-to-air missiles in response to a growing threat of US air attack on the Soviet Union and its allies. MKB Fakel developed missiles which were used in Soviet surface-to-air defense systems S-75,

9K33 Osa The 9K33 ''Osa'' (, literally "wasp"; NATO reporting name SA-8 ''Gecko'') is a highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-air missile system developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and fielded in 1972. Its export version na ...

S-125 The S-125 ''Neva/Pechora'' (russian: С-125 "Нева"/"Печора", NATO reporting name SA-3 ''Goa'') is a Soviet surface-to-air missile system that was designed by Aleksei Isaev to complement the S-25 and S-75. It has a shorter effective ra ...

, S-200, S-300, and many other systems. In July 1958 the corporation was awarded an

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...

for successful development of guided missiles for the S-75 defense system. Missiles developed by MKB Fakel were the first in the world surface-to-air guided missiles successfully employed in military action. On May 1, 1960, American high altitude

reconnaissance aircraft A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as ...

Lockheed U-2 The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed "''Dragon Lady''", is an American single-jet engine, high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It provides day ...

was shot down near Sverdlovsk by Fakel's 11D missile ( S-75) while flying over Soviet territory.
Overall, missiles developed by MKB "Fakel" were employed in more than 30 countries, including Cuba, China, Vietnam and destroyed more than 2,500 of enemy aircraft. In April 1981 it was awarded an

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (russian: Орден Октябрьской Революции, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferr ...

for successful development of guided missiles for the S-300 defense system. In 2002 the company joined the Almaz-Antey holding.

Production

The bureau has designed the following tactical and strategic surface-to-air missiles, as well as exoatmospheric

anti-ballistic missile An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to counter ballistic missiles (missile defense). Ballistic missiles are used to deliver nuclear weapon, nuclear, Chemical weapon, chemical, Bioagent, biological, or conventiona ...

interceptors: *

V-750 The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Following its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the mos ...

series missiles (for SA-2 / S-75) systems), * 5V24 (

V-600 The Cadillac Gage LAV-600, also known as the V-600,Army Weaponry and Equipment, Page 469. Army: The Magazine of Landpower. Volume 36, Issue No 10. October 1986. is an American light armored 6×6 wheeled vehicle, derived from the LAV-300. Developed ...

5V27 5V or 5-V may refer to: *5V, IATA code for Everts Air **5V, former IATA code for Lviv Airlines *5V, abbreviation for 5 volts, sometimes incorrectly written as 5v *5V, abbreviation for 5-valve engine *ZIS-5V, a model of ZIS-5 (truck) *5V, a model of ...

(

V-601 A V6 is an engine with six cylinders in two banks of three. V6 or V-6 may also refer to: Science and technology * V.6, a withdrawn ITU-T recommendation for data signalling * Version 6 Unix, a reference to the sixth edition of Research Unix from ...

) missiles (for SA-3 / S-125 systems), * 5V21, 5V28, 5V28V missiles (for SA-5 / S-200 systems), * 5V55K, 5V55R, 5V55R / 5V55KD, 5V55U, 48N6, 48N6E2 missiles (for SA-10 and SA-20 / S-300P-series systems), * 40N6 (for the SA-21 / S-400 system), * 9M96 series (for the SA-21 / S-400 and the S-350 systems), * 9M33, 9M33M1, 9M33M2, 9M33M3, 9A33BM3 missiles (for SA-8 / 9K33 Osa system), * 9M330, 9M331, 9M332, 9M338 missiles (for the SA-15 / 9K330 Tor-series systems), * 51T6 (SH-11) Gorgon missile (for the A-135 ABM-system).

References

External links

* {{authority control Almaz-Antey Defence companies of the Soviet Union Research institutes in the Soviet Union Guided missile manufacturers Companies based in Moscow Oblast Khimki Design bureaus