MKB "Fakel" (russian: МКБ "Факел", ''"Torch"'') also known as
P.D.Grushin Machine-building Design Bureau is a Russian government-owned aerospace defense corporation located in
Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia.
History
MKB Fakel was founded in 1953 under the designation OKB-2
to facilitate development of guided surface-to-air missiles in response to a growing threat of US air attack on the Soviet Union and its allies. MKB Fakel developed missiles which were used in Soviet surface-to-air defense systems
S-75,
9K33 Osa,
S-125,
S-200,
S-300, and many other systems.
In July 1958 the corporation was awarded an
Order of Lenin for successful development of guided missiles for the
S-75 defense system.
Missiles developed by MKB Fakel were the first in the world surface-to-air guided missiles successfully employed in military action. On May 1, 1960, American high altitude
reconnaissance aircraft Lockheed U-2
The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed "''Dragon Lady''", is an American single-jet engine, high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It provides da ...
was
shot down near Sverdlovsk by Fakel's 11D missile (
S-75) while flying over Soviet territory.
Overall, missiles developed by MKB "Fakel" were employed in more than 30 countries, including Cuba, China, Vietnam and destroyed more than 2,500 of enemy aircraft.
In April 1981 it was awarded an
Order of the October Revolution for successful development of guided missiles for the
S-300 defense system.
In 2002 the company joined the
Almaz-Antey holding.
Production
The bureau has designed the following tactical and strategic surface-to-air missiles, as well as
exoatmospheric
The exosphere ( grc, ἔξω "outside, external, beyond", grc, σφαῖρα "sphere") is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the densit ...
anti-ballistic missile interceptors:
*
V-750
The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Following its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the mos ...
series missiles (for
SA-2 / S-75) systems),
*
5V24 5V or 5-V may refer to:
*5V, IATA code for Everts Air
**5V, former IATA code for Lviv Airlines
*5V, abbreviation for 5 volts, sometimes incorrectly written as 5v
*5V, abbreviation for 5-valve engine
*ZIS-5V, a model of ZIS-5 (truck)
*5V, a model of ...
(
V-600),
5V27 5V or 5-V may refer to:
*5V, IATA code for Everts Air
**5V, former IATA code for Lviv Airlines
*5V, abbreviation for 5 volts, sometimes incorrectly written as 5v
*5V, abbreviation for 5-valve engine
*ZIS-5V, a model of ZIS-5 (truck)
*5V, a mod ...
(
V-601) missiles (for
SA-3 / S-125 systems),
*
5V21 5V or 5-V may refer to:
*5V, IATA code for Everts Air
**5V, former IATA code for Lviv Airlines
*5V, abbreviation for 5 volts, sometimes incorrectly written as 5v
*5V, abbreviation for 5-valve engine
*ZIS-5V, a model of ZIS-5 (truck)
*5V, a model of ...
,
5V28 5V or 5-V may refer to:
*5V, IATA code for Everts Air
**5V, former IATA code for Lviv Airlines
*5V, abbreviation for 5 volts, sometimes incorrectly written as 5v
*5V, abbreviation for 5-valve engine
*ZIS-5V, a model of ZIS-5 (truck)
*5V, a model of ...
,
5V28V 5V or 5-V may refer to:
*5V, IATA code for Everts Air
**5V, former IATA code for Lviv Airlines
*5V, abbreviation for 5 volts, sometimes incorrectly written as 5v
*5V, abbreviation for 5-valve engine
*ZIS-5V, a model of ZIS-5 (truck)
*5V, a model of ...
missiles (for
SA-5 / S-200 systems),
*
5V55K,
5V55R,
5V55R /
5V55KD,
5V55U,
48N6,
48N6E2 missiles (for
SA-10 and SA-20 / S-300P-series systems),
*
40N6
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures.
In mathematics
Four is the smallest c ...
(for the
SA-21 / S-400 system),
*
9M96 series (for the SA-21 / S-400 and the
S-350 systems),
*
9M33,
9M33M1,
9M33M2,
9M33M3,
9A33BM3 missiles (for
SA-8 / 9K33 Osa system),
*
9M330,
9M331,
9M332,
9M338 missiles (for the
SA-15 / 9K330 Tor-series systems),
*
51T6
The A-135 (renamed to A-235) (NATO: ABM-4 Gorgon) is a Russian anti-ballistic missile system deployed around Moscow to intercept incoming warheads targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The system was designed in the Soviet Union and entered ...
(SH-11) Gorgon missile (for the
A-135 ABM-system).
References
External links
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{{authority control
Almaz-Antey
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Guided missile manufacturers
Companies based in Moscow Oblast
Khimki
Design bureaus