The MG T-Type is a series of
body-on-frame open two-seater
sports car
A sports car is a car designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1900s and are currently produced by ...
s that were produced by
MG from 1936 to 1955. The series included the MG TA, MG TB, MG TC, MG TD, and MG TF Midget models. The last of these models, the TF, was replaced by the
MGA. Although the design was similar to contemporary cars of the 1930s, it came to be considered outdated by the 1950s.
The TF name was reinstated in 2002 on the
mid-engined
In automotive engineering, a mid-engine layout describes the placement of an automobile engine in front of the rear-wheel axles, but behind the front axle.
History
The mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive format can be considered the original layout of ...
MG TF sports car.
TA Midget
The TA Midget replaced the
PB in 1936.
It was an evolution of the previous car and was wider in its track at and longer in its wheelbase at .
The previous advanced
overhead-cam
An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...
inline-four engine
A straight-four engine (also called an inline-four) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft.
The vast majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the ...
was by then not in use by any other production car so it was replaced by the MPJG
OHV
An overhead valve (OHV) engine, sometimes called a ''pushrod engine'', is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier flathead engines, where the valves were located bel ...
unit from the
Wolseley Ten
The Wolseley Ten is a light car which was produced by Wolseley Motors Limited in 1939 and from 1945 to 1948 .
The ten horsepower class of cars was an important part of the market in 1930s Britain and Wolseley entered the sector with their 10/4 ...
, but with twin
SU carburettors, modified camshaft and manifolding. The engine displaced just 1292 cc, with a stroke of and a bore of and power output was 50 hp (40.3 kW) at 4,500 rpm. The four-speed
manual gearbox
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system, where gear change ...
now had
synchromesh on the two top ratios and was connected to the engine by a cork-faced clutch running in oil. Unlike the PB, hydraulic brakes were fitted with drums.
![1938 MG TA (21681121886)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/1938_MG_TA_%2821681121886%29.jpg)
Like the PB, most were two-seat open cars with a steel body on an
ash
Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ''ash'' refers to all non-aqueous, non- gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash ...
frame. A bench-type seat was fitted with storage space behind.
The T-type was capable of reaching almost in standard tune with a 0–60 mph time of 23.1 seconds.
Allan Tomlinson won the
1939 Australian Grand Prix
The 1939 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held on the Lobethal Circuit in South Australia, Australia on 2 January 1939. The race was staged over 17 laps of the 14 kilometre circuit, the longest ever used for the Grand Prix, for a race dista ...
handicap driving an MG TA.
3,003 were made and in 1936 it cost £222 on the home market, the same as the PB.
When first introduced the model was known as the T Type and only after the advent of the TB did the TA designation come into use.
Tickford drophead coupé
From 1938 the car could also be had with a more luxurious ''Tickford'' drophead coupé body by
Salmons of
Newport Pagnell, and 252 were made. The soft top could be used in three positions, fully open, closed or open just over the seats. Wind-up windows were fitted to the higher topped doors making the car more weathertight and individual bucket seats used in the fully carpeted interior. Complete chassis were fitted with a very basic body at the Abingdon factory and driven to Newport Pagnell to have their coachwork fitted.
Airline fixed head coupé
A closed ''Airline'' coupé made by
Carbodies
The London Taxi Company was a taxi design and manufacturing company based in Coventry, England. It formerly traded as London Taxis International and Carbodies.
It operated a coachbuilding business on Holyhead Road, Coventry. After half a c ...
, as fitted to the P type, was also offered but only one or two are thought to have been made.
TB Midget
The TA was replaced by the TB Midget in May 1939. It had a smaller but more modern XPAG engine as fitted to the
Morris Ten Series M
The Morris Ten announced 1 September 1932Cars Of 1933. ''The Times'', Thursday, Sep 01, 1932; pg. 7; Issue 46227. (907 words) is a medium-sized car introduced for 1933 as the company's offering in the important 10 hp sector of the British ...
, but in a more highly tuned state and like the TA with twin SU carburettors. This 1250 cc
straight-four unit featured a slightly less
undersquare
In a reciprocating piston engine, the stroke ratio, defined by either bore/stroke ratio or stroke/bore ratio, is a term to describe the ratio between cylinder bore diameter and piston stroke length. This can be used for either an internal co ...
bore and stroke and had a maximum power output of at 5200 rpm. The oil-immersed clutch was also replaced by a dry-plate type and gear ratios revised.
Available as an open two-seater or more luxurious Tickford drophead coupé, this is the rarest of the T-type cars, as production began just prior to Britain's entry into World War II. Only 379 TBs were made before the MG factory emptied its buildings and switched to making major aircraft components and modifying tanks.
TC Midget
The TC Midget was the first postwar MG,
[ and was launched in 1945. It was quite similar to the pre-war TB, sharing the same pushrod-]OHV
An overhead valve (OHV) engine, sometimes called a ''pushrod engine'', is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier flathead engines, where the valves were located bel ...
engine with a slightly higher compression ratio of 7.4:1 giving at 5200 rpm. The makers also provided information for several alternative stages of tuning for "specific purposes". The XPAG engine is well known for its tunability. The TC engine was a slightly improved version of the XPAG first introduced to MG in the TB. Notable improvement was through the addition of a hydraulically (oil pressure) adjusted timing chain tensioner. All TCs utilized a (single battery) 12 volt electrical system. All TCs came with 19" Dunlop wire wheels. Automatic mechanical timing advance was built into the ignition distributor.
It was exported to the United States, even though the car was only ever built in right-hand drive. The export version had slightly smaller US specification sealed-beam headlights (7-inch buckets) and twin tail lights, as well as turn signals and chromed front and rear bumpers with over riders.
The body was approximately 4 inches (100 mm) wider than the TB measured at the rear of the doors to give more cockpit space. The overall car width remained the same resulting in narrower running boards with two tread strips as opposed to the previous three. The tachometer was directly in front of the driver, while the speedometer/odometer was on the other side of the dash in front of the passenger, a nod to MG's trials history.
10,001 TCs were produced, from September 1945 (chassis number TC0251) to November 1949 (chassis number TC10251), more than any previous MG model. It cost £527 on the home (UK) market in 1947.
Fuel consumption was . Its 0–60 mph time was 22.7 seconds, a respectable performance at the time. A low fuel warning light would glow on the dash to alert the driver.
TD Midget
The 1950 TD Midget announced in January 1950 combined the TC's drivetrain, a modified hypoid
A spiral bevel gear is a bevel gear with helical teeth. The main application of this is in a vehicle differential, where the direction of drive from the drive shaft must be turned 90 degrees to drive the wheels. The helical design produces less ...
-geared rear axle, the MG Y-type
The MG Y-Type is an automobile produced by MG in England from 1947 to 1953. It was offered in four-door saloon and limited production open four-seat tourer versions.
When production ceased, 8,336 "Y" Types had been produced, 6,131 of which we ...
chassis, a familiar T-type style body and independent suspension on front axle using coil springs from the MG Y-type saloon: a 1950 road-test report described as "most striking" the resulting "transformation ... in the comfort of riding". The reference cited here was incorrect to infer the entire drive train was lifted from the TC, as along with the new hypoid differential, a completely different transmission was used (albeit also a four-speed). Also lifted from the company's successful 1¼-litre saloon was the (still highly geared) rack and pinion steering. In addition the TD featured smaller disc type road wheels, a left-hand drive option and standard equipment bumpers and over-riders. The car was also wider with a track of . It was seen by enthusiasts at the time as a disappointment, mild and "not a sports car". ". . . the new model is largely designed to consolidate and expand the car's sale in North America."[ The first TDs were actually built in late 1949.
For the driver the "all-weather protection" was good by the standards of the time.] For night driving, instrument illumination was "effective but not dazzling, by a pale green lighting effect". There was still no fuel gauge, but the of tank capacity gave a range between refuelling stops of about 300 miles (480 km) and a green light on the facia flashed a "warning" when the fuel level was down to about .
In 1950 the TD MkII Competition Model was introduced, produced alongside the standard car, with a more highly tuned engine using an 8.1:1 compression ratio giving at 5,500 rpm. The higher compression ratio engine was offered with export markets in mind, and would not have been suitable for the UK, where thanks to the continued operation of wartime fuel restrictions, buyers were still limited to 72 octane "pool petrol
Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war.
At the start of the Second World War in 1939, the United Kingdom was importing 20 million long tons of ...
". The TD MkII also featured twin fuel pumps, additional Andrex dampers, and a higher ratio rear-axle.
Nearly 30,000 TDs had been produced, including about 1700 Mk II models, when the series ended in 1953 with all but 1656 exported, 23,488 of them to the US alone. The main complaint that US owners had with the MG TD sold in the US was the British 12-volt electrical system, which was hard to service when most US cars were still using 6 volts. Also, they had minor complaints over the lack of water temperature and fuel gauges. But in general in surveys, owners of the Americanised MG TD had more positive remarks than negative. The 0– time was 22.7 seconds according to ''Popular Mechanics
''Popular Mechanics'' (sometimes PM or PopMech) is a magazine of popular science and technology, featuring automotive, home, outdoor, electronics, science, do-it-yourself, and technology topics. Military topics, aviation and transportation o ...
''.
An example tested by ''The Motor
''The Motor'' (later, just ''Motor'') was a British weekly car magazine
''Car'' is a British automotive enthusiast magazine published monthly by Bauer Consumer Media. International editions are published by Bauer Automotive in Republi ...
'' magazine in 1952 had a top speed of and could accelerate from 0– in 18.2 seconds. A fuel consumption of was recorded.
File:Interior 1953 MG TD - MUF 980 - (9088777668).jpg, 1953 TD instrument panel
File:Engine Bay 1953 MG TD - MUF 980 - (9086564929).jpg, 1953 TD engine bay
File:MG TD (1953) , Dutch licence registration DL-03-98 pic3.JPG, 1953 TD badge
In 1998, the rights, intellectual properties and trademarks associated with the production of the MG TD were acquired by TD Cars Sdn Bhd in Malaysia to reproduce the TD series as TD2000.
TF and TF 1500 Midget
The TF Midget, launched on 15 October 1953, was a facelifted TD, fitted with the TD Mark II engine, headlights faired into the wings, a sloping radiator grille concealing a separate radiator, and a new pressurised cooling system along with a simulated external radiator cap.[ This XPAG engine's compression ratio had been increased to 8.1:1 and extra-large valves with stronger valve springs and larger carburettors increased output to 57.5 bhp at 5,500 rpm.][
]
In mid-1954 the engine capacity was increased by 17 per cent to 1466 cc and designated XPEG. The bore was increased to and compression raised to 8.3:1 giving at 5,000 rpm and a 17 per cent increase in torque. The car was designated TF1500, and externally distinguished by a cream background enamel nameplate on both sides of the bonnet, placed just to the rear of the forward bonnet-release buttons.
Production ended at chassis number TF10100 on 4 April 1955 after 9,602 TFs had been manufactured, including two prototypes and 3,400 TF1500s. The TF was superseded by the MGA.
File:1955 MG TF 1500, rear left (Hershey 2019).jpg, MG TF 1500, rear view
File:MG TF - Flickr - exfordy (2).jpg, Octagonal instrument bezels in a TF 1500
See also
*MG Car Club
The MG Car Club is an international club founded in 1930 for owners and enthusiasts of MG cars. The club headquarters is in Abingdon, Oxfordshire and is located adjacent to the now defunct MG factory site where cars were produced between 1930 - ...
References
Notes
Bibliography
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Further reading
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External links
{{commons category, MG T
MG TF 1500 1955
TTT2, a free bimonthly online technical MG T-Type publication
The MG Car Club T Register
1950 MGTD Restoration Project
The Original MGTD Midget
The Original MGTF Midget
The New England MG T Register, Ltd.
T
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Roadsters
Coupés
1930s cars
1940s cars
1950s cars
24 Hours of Le Mans race cars
Cars introduced in 1936