The Metro Red Line is a

bus rapid transit Bus rapid transit (BRT), also called a busway or transitway, is a bus-based public transport system designed to have much more capacity, reliability and other quality features than a conventional bus system. Typically, a BRT system includes ...

line between the

Twin Cities Twin cities are a special case of two neighboring cities or urban centres that grow into a single conurbation – or narrowly separated urban areas – over time. There are no formal criteria, but twin cities are generally comparable in statu ...

suburbs of

Bloomington, Minnesota Bloomington is a suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, on the north bank of the Minnesota River, above its confluence with the Mississippi River, south of downtown Minneapolis. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 89,987, ma ...

and

Apple Valley, Minnesota Apple Valley is a city in northwestern Dakota County in the State of Minnesota, and a suburb of the Twin Cities. The population was 56,374 at the 2020 census, making it the 17th most populous city in Minnesota. In 2014, Money.com' named Apple ...

. The Red Line travels primarily on

Minnesota State Highway 77 Minnesota State Highway 77 (MN 77) is a highway in Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with 138th Street (north of Dakota County Road 42) in Apple Valley and continues north to its northern terminus at its interchange with Stat ...

and

Cedar Avenue Cedar Avenue is a roadway that runs from Minneapolis to Northfield in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The roadway is known as Minnesota State Highway 77 in the busiest portion of the route, from Minneapolis to Apple Valley. The portions north and ...

from the Apple Valley station in Apple Valley, north through

Eagan, Minnesota Eagan ( ) is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota. It is south of Saint Paul and lies on the south bank of the Minnesota River, upstream from the confluence with the Mississippi River. Eagan and the other nearby suburbs form the southern section o ...

, to the

Mall of America station The Mall of America station is the busiest transit center in Minnesota, with bus and light rail service linking the Mall of America to many destinations in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metro. Public transit service is provided by Metro Transit and ...

in Bloomington where it connects to the

Metro Blue Line The Metro Blue Line is a light rail line in Hennepin County, Minnesota, that is part of the Metro network. It travels from downtown Minneapolis to Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and the southern suburb of Bloomington. Former ...

. The line has bus rapid transit elements including

bus-only lane A bus lane or bus-only lane is a lane restricted to buses, often on certain days and times, and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. The related term busway describes a roadway ...

s, specially branded vehicles,

transit signal priority Bus priority or transit signal priority (TSP) is a name for various techniques to improve service and reduce delay for mass transit vehicles at intersections (or junctions) controlled by traffic signals. TSP techniques are most commonly associat ...

, and dedicated stations. The line was designed to ease traffic congestion along the Cedar Avenue corridor. During planning the project was known as the Cedar Avenue Bus Rapid Transitway until it was renamed the ''Red Line'' in 2011 as part of a regional branding of the

Metro system Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be c ...

. After a few construction schedule setbacks, the $113 million line officially began operation on June 22, 2013. A further $15 million was spent to construct an improved passenger station that no longer requires buses to exit the highway and saves 10 minutes on a round trip journey. The line was operated by the

Minnesota Valley Transit Authority The Minnesota Valley Transit Authority, also known by the acronym MVTA, is a public transportation agency that serves seven communities in the southern portion of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. The agency provides fixed-route an ...

under a contract from the Metropolitan Council until December 5, 2020, when Metro Transit took over operations. An extension to Lakeville is planned with an opening in 2040.

Route description

The Red Line's northern terminus is

at the

Mall of America Mall of America (MOA) is a large shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States. Located within the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the mall lies southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway ...

in Bloomington. At the station are connections to eight bus routes and the

. From the Mall of America, the route travels on

and serves the

Cedar Grove Transit Station The Cedar Grove Transit Station is a transit facility in Eagan, Minnesota. It serves the Minnesota Valley Transit Authority bus system and the Metro Red Line bus rapid transit system. It opened March 20, 2010 in the Cedar Grove community. The st ...

which has bus stops in the middle of the highway with an indoor walkway to a park-and-ride lot adjacent to the highway near the Twin Cities Premium Outlets shopping mall. The route crosses Interstate 35E and serves two stations at 140th and 147th streets. The final stop is at the

Apple Valley Transit Station The Apple Valley Transit Station is a transit facility located in Apple Valley, Minnesota. It is owned by the City of Apple Valley and the MVTA. The transit station is near Cedar Avenue and Gaslight Drive. This station has 337 parking spaces an ...

Service and operation

The Red Line aimed for 975 daily rides in its first year. While in the Red Line's first year of operation MVTA's ridership numbers reached record levels, ridership on the line in the first few years was lower than expected. Ridership reached only 85% of projected rides in the first year. Ridership was estimated to reach 1,600 per day by 2017. From 2013 to 2017 half of the Red Lines budget came from the

Counties Transit Improvement Board The Counties Transit Improvement Board (CTIB) was a Joint Powers Board established in March 2008 which will control an estimated $100 million annually in transit funds for the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. The board was responsible fo ...

and half from the Metropolitan Council. After the Counties Transit Improvement Board was dissolved, the Metropolitan Council supported the full budget of the Red Line. Dakota County's portion of the Red Line's budget was $1.3 million in 2017. The MVTA operated the Red Line through a contract with the Metropolitan Council and cost $3.2 million in 2020 to provide the service. After first discussing the plan with MVTA in July 2020, the Metropolitan Council announced that it would not renew its operating contract with MVTA, instead opting for Metro Transit to take over operations starting on December 5, 2020. Frequency and hours of operations are planned to remain unchanged. Ridership in 2019 was 242,372 rides for a subsidy of $9.97 per passenger. The other two bus rapid transit lines in the Metro system, the A Line and the C Line, had subsidies of $3.85 per passenger and light rail service cost $1.96 per passenger. Suburban local and commuter express bus subsidy for MVTA, which is the territory the Red Line operates in, was $12.10 and $6.07 per passenger trip respectively, which is higher than the Twin Cities region subsidies of $7.38 and $5.52 per passenger trip respectively. Red Line buses run mostly on

s and have

. Trips to downtown Minneapolis from Apple Valley station that take the Red Line to the Blue Line take about an hour versus 40-43 minutes on an express bus.

Fleet

The Red Line initially operated using Nova Bus LFX 40' buses (4252-4258), the first and only in the Twin Cities. Buses were chosen to provide a riding experience closer to that of riding a train with larger windows, interior space for bikes, an exterior designed to be similar to light rail vehicles. Station and bus design allows for level boarding for passengers. The vehicle design was chosen out of three other competitors and had been available on the market for five years before being purchased by the Metropolitan Council. The seven buses purchased cost between $450,000-$550,000 each. All buses were equipped with

lane departure warning system In road-transport terminology, a lane departure warning system (LDWS) is a mechanism designed to warn the driver when the vehicle begins to move out of its lane (unless a turn signal is on in that direction) on freeways and arterial roads. These ...

s and

collision avoidance system A collision avoidance system (CAS), also known as a pre-crash system, forward collision warning system, or collision mitigation system, is an advanced driver-assistance system designed to prevent or reduce the severity of a collision. In its ...

advisories. The original interior bike racks were replaced with exterior bike racks several months after opening. These buses were retired in December 2020 when Metro Transit took over operations from MVTA. Until 2022, the route has been operated by 7 40' Gilligs temporarily wrapped in the METRO livery (1750-1756). During this time the Metropolitan Council was preparing to replace the fleet with permanent buses similar to those on the A Line. These buses 6 40' Gilligs (8020-8025) entered service in December 2022.

Stations and transit way

Cedar Avenue was reconstructed with new bus shoulder lanes for easier travel between Downtown Minneapolis and Lakeville. The transit way begins at Mall of America and heads towards Eagan, Apple Valley and Lakeville with bus shoulder lanes on both sides of Cedar Avenue, making it easier to bypass traffic. Stations were designed with bus pull-offs to allow buses to pass other buses picking up and dropping off passengers. Buses in the reinforced shoulder lanes are allowed to travel up to faster than regular traffic as long as they are within the speed limit. At Cedar Grove, buses used to exit the highway to use Cedar Grove Transit Station. This routing added about 10 minutes on a round trip which lowered ridership. A center-median Cedar Grove station serving the Red Line opened May 20, 2017. This reduced travel time, as buses no longer exit the freeway. The 300-foot climate-controlled walkway over Cedar Avenue connects the new station to the existing transit station. The passenger platform and walkway cost $15 million with $10.4 coming from the

, $3.3 from the state of Minnesota, and $1.3 million from Dakota County. The addition of the station was estimated to add 40,000 annual rides to the Red Line and save $293,000 in annual operational costs. Stations at 140th St and 147th St were included to serve local businesses and neighborhoods. Apple Valley elected officials were concerned about the lack of parking lots at the stations and that riders would park at local businesses and side streets. After population and employment projections for the corridor were shrunk during the

Great Recession The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At ...

, station designs shrunk and planned

skyway A skyway, skybridge, skywalk, or sky walkway is an elevated type of pedway connecting two or more buildings in an urban area, or connecting elevated points within mountainous recreational zones. Urban skyways very often take the form of enclos ...

connections over Cedar Ave removed due to lower ridership projections. Despite pressure from the city of Apple Valley, the Met Council and Dakota County decided to not construct skyway connections but allowed the station at 147th St to be designed to allow for a future skyway connection. Apple Valley has applied for federal funding through the Met Council to construct the 147th St skyway in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022. Dakota County has applied through the same funding source for a pedestrian and bicycle bridge at 140th St in 2018, 2020, and 2022. A redesign of the Mall of America station was estimated to reduce travel times by 2-4 minutes. From the route's opening on June 22, 2013, until May 19, 2017, northbound Red Line buses used to make an additional stop outside of the Mall of America at

28th Avenue Station 30th Avenue station is a light rail and bus station on the Blue Line in the Twin Cities region of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The station opened with the Blue Line light rail on December 4, 2004, and the Red Line began service at the station ...

History

Plans for bus rapid transit in the corridor were first started in 1999 with $500,000 in state funding. An extension of the then in development Hiawtha Avenue light rail (Blue Line) was considered and was projected to attract the most riders with up to 23,100 by 2020. Exclusive bus only lanes for the corridor would have cost a fraction of the light rail extension but only attract up to 18,400 riders a day by 2020. Both ridership projections were contingent on dense transit-oriented development along the corridor. Studies on the corridor were extended to Lakeville in 2003 with 2025 ridership expected to be 12,900. Bus rapid transit was selected as the preferred alternative over light rail in 2004. A light rail line was estimated to cost $650 million. A 2010 report estimated 150,000 daily vehicles on Cedar Avenue with volumes expected to double within 20 years. At the Minnesota River crossing, 90,000 vehicles traveled on the Cedar Avenue Bridge. Congestion in the corridor was expected to increase and the Red Line was planned to assist with easing congestion. Construction on upgrades to Cedar Avenue were started in April 2009 and included upgrades for buses, lane expansion for automobiles, and wider sidewalks for pedestrians. The total cost for the project was $112 million. In July 2011, the

Metropolitan Council The Metropolitan Council, commonly abbreviated Met Council or Metro Council, is the regional governmental agency and metropolitan planning organization in Minnesota serving the Twin Cities seven-county metropolitan area, accounting for over 55 pe ...

officially designated the Cedar Avenue BRT line as the Red Line. This is part of a broader scheme to designate transit lines by color. Corresponding lines within the system include the Blue Line, the

Green Line Green Line may refer to: Places Military and political * Green Line (France), the German occupation line in France during World War II * Green Line (Israel), the 1949 armistice line established between Israel and its neighbours ** City Line ( ...

, and the then under development Orange Line BRT along Interstate 35W. Dakota County commissioners were not pleased with the branding design decision and sought a more "vibrant" logo and design separate from light rail and regular buses. As late as spring 2012 a November 2012 opening was expected but the line ultimately opened on June 22, 2013, with free rides offered for the first week. City officials believed that the Red Line factored into some real estate developers' decisions to develop projects worth $273 million within corridor. A 2015 Cedar Avenue Transitway Implementation Plan Update set plans for additional stations and an extension to Lakeville, Minnesota. The extension to Lakeville isn't planned to open until 2040.

References

External links

Metro Red Line Official HomepageOfficial Red Line Dakota County Information HomepageDakota County Resources Page for the Red Line, Corridor Map & Listed DocumentsMetropolitan Council webpage on the project
{{DEFAULTSORT:Red Line (Minnesota) Bus rapid transit in Minnesota Transportation in Hennepin County, Minnesota Transportation in Dakota County, Minnesota 2013 establishments in Minnesota Metro Transit (Minnesota)