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File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The
1990 FIFA World Cup The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being Me ...
is played in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
; The
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
is launched;
Voyager I ''Voyager 1'' is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin ''Voyager 2'', ''Voyag ...
takes the famous
Pale Blue Dot ''Pale Blue Dot'' is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the ''Voyager 1'' space probe from a record distance of about kilometers ( miles, 40.5 AU), as part of that day's ''Family Portrait'' series of images of the ...
image- speaking on the fragility of
humanity Humanity most commonly refers to: * Humankind the total population of humans * Humanity (virtue) Humanity may also refer to: Literature * Humanity (journal), ''Humanity'' (journal), an academic journal that focuses on human rights * ''Humanity: A ...
on
Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...
, astrophysicist
Carl Sagan Carl Edward Sagan (; ; November 9, 1934December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on ext ...
states: "''That's here. That's home. That's us.''" ;
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
and
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
reunify;
Police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and t ...
stand on-guard during the
Poll tax riots The poll tax riots were a series of riots in British towns and cities during protests against the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), introduced by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The largest pro ...
in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
;
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
under
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
invades
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
, beginning the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
; The
1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake The 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake occurred on Thursday, June 21, 1990 at in northern Iran. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.4 and a Mercalli Intensity of X (''Extreme''). Damage and casualties Widespread damage occurred to the northwest ...
kills between 35,000 - 50,000 people in
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
; The
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versa ...
is launched from the
Space Shuttle Discovery Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third of five fully operational orbiters to be built. Its first mission, STS-41-D, flew from August 30 to Se ...
., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200
1990 FIFA World Cup The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being Me ...
rect 200 0 400 200
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
rect 400 0 600 200
Pale Blue Dot ''Pale Blue Dot'' is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the ''Voyager 1'' space probe from a record distance of about kilometers ( miles, 40.5 AU), as part of that day's ''Family Portrait'' series of images of the ...
rect 0 200 300 400
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versa ...
rect 300 200 600 400
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
rect 0 400 200 600
1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake The 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake occurred on Thursday, June 21, 1990 at in northern Iran. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.4 and a Mercalli Intensity of X (''Extreme''). Damage and casualties Widespread damage occurred to the northwest ...
rect 200 400 400 600
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was an operation conducted by Iraq on 2 August 1990, whereby it invaded the neighboring State of Kuwait, consequently resulting in a seven-month-long Iraqi military occupation of the country. The invasion and Ira ...
rect 400 400 600 600
Poll tax riots The poll tax riots were a series of riots in British towns and cities during protests against the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), introduced by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The largest pro ...
Important events of 1990 include the
Reunification of Germany German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
and the
unification of Yemen Yemeni unification () took place on May 22, 1990, when the area of the South Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (also known as South Yemen) was united with the Yemen Arab Republic (also known as North Yemen), forming the Yemen, Republic ...
, the formal beginning of the
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
(finished in 2003), the launch of the
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versa ...
, the separation of
Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...
from South Africa, and the
Baltic states The Baltic states, et, Balti riigid or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term, which currently is used to group three countries: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone, ...
declaring independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
amidst
Perestroika ''Perestroika'' (; russian: links=no, перестройка, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg) was a political movement for reform within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s widely associated wit ...
.
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
's
communist regime A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Cominte ...
collapses amidst increasing internal tensions and multiparty elections held within its constituent republics result in
separatist Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...
governments being elected in most of the republics marking the beginning of the
breakup of Yugoslavia The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
. Also in this year began the crisis that would lead to the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
in 1991 following the
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
invasion and the largely internationally unrecognized annexation of
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
. This annexation resulted in a crisis in the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
involving the issue of the sovereignty of Kuwait and fears by Saudi Arabia over Iraqi aggression against their oil fields near Kuwait. This led to
Operation Desert Shield The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
being enacted with an international coalition of military forces being built up on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border with demands for Iraq to peacefully withdraw from Kuwait. Also in this year,
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1 ...
was released from prison, and
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...
resigned as
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
after more than 11 years. 1990 was an important year in the
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
's early history. In the fall of 1990,
Tim Berners-Lee Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a profess ...
created the first
web server A web server is computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol created to distribute web content) or its secure variant HTTPS. A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiate ...
and the foundation for the
World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet. Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web se ...
. Test operations began around December 20 and it was released outside
CERN The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Gene ...
the following year. 1990 also saw the official decommissioning of the
ARPANET The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical fou ...
, a forerunner of the Internet system and the introduction of the first content
web search engine A search engine is a software system designed to carry out web searches. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query. The search results are generally presented in a ...
,
Archie Archie is a masculine given name, a diminutive of Archibald. It may refer to: People Given name or nickname *Archie Alexander (1888–1958), African-American mathematician, engineer and governor of the US Virgin Islands * Archie Blake (mathematici ...
, on September 10. September 14, 1990 saw the first case of successful somatic
gene therapy Gene therapy is a medical field which focuses on the genetic modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect or the treatment of disease by repairing or reconstructing defective genetic material. The first attempt at modifying human DN ...
on a patient. Due to the
early 1990s recession The early 1990s recession describes the period of economic downturn affecting much of the Western world in the early 1990s. The impacts of the recession contributed in part to the 1992 U.S. presidential election victory of Bill Clinton over incu ...
that began that year and uncertainty due to the collapse of the
socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...
governments in
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...
, birth rates in many countries stopped rising or fell steeply in 1990. In most western countries the Echo Boom peaked in 1990;
fertility rates The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: # she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime # she were t ...
declined thereafter.


Events


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Poland becomes the first country in Eastern Europe to begin abolishing its
state socialist State socialism is a political and economic ideology within the socialist movement that advocates state ownership of the means of production. This is intended either as a temporary measure, or as a characteristic of socialism in the transition f ...
economy. Poland also withdraws from the
Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republic ...
. **
Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
begins its year as European Capital of Culture. ** The first Internet companies catering to commercial users,
PSINet PSINet, based in Northern Virginia, was one of the first commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) and was involved in the commercialization of the Internet until the company's bankruptcy in 2001 during the dot-com bubble and acquisition by Coge ...
and
EUnet EUnet was a very loose collaboration of individual European UNIX sites in the 1980s that evolved into the fully commercial entity EUnet International Ltd in 1996. It was sold to Qwest in 1998. EUnet played a decisive role in the adoption of TCP/IP ...
begin selling Internet access to commercial customers in the United States and Netherlands respectively. *
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
United States invasion of Panama The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, lasted over a month between mid-December 1989 and late January 1990. It occurred during the administration of President George H. W. Bush and ten years after the Torrijos– ...
: General
Manuel Noriega Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (; February 11, 1934 – May 29, 2017) was a Panamanian dictator, politician and military officer who was the ''de facto'' List of heads of state of Panama, ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. An authoritaria ...
is deposed as leader of
Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...
and surrenders to the American forces. *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: In the
Lithuania SSR The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; lt, Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; russian: Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialistiche ...
, 300,000 demonstrate for independence. *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
19 – Most of the remaining 50,000
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
are driven out of
Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...
in the Azerbaijan SSR during the
Baku pogrom The Baku pogrom ( hy, Բաքվի ջարդեր, ) was a pogrom directed against the ethnic Armenian inhabitants of Baku, Azerbaijan SSR. From January 12, 1990, a seven-day pogrom broke out against the Armenian civilian population in Baku during ...
. *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
Douglas Wilder Lawrence Douglas Wilder (born January 17, 1931) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 66th Governor of Virginia from 1990 to 1994. He was the first African American to serve as governor of a U.S. state since the Reconstruction ...
becomes the first elected African American governor as he takes office in
Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...
. *
January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
** The National Assembly of Bulgaria votes to end
one party rule A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of sovereign state in which only one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. All other parties ...
by the Bulgarian Communist Party. ** Thousands storm the
Stasi The Ministry for State Security, commonly known as the (),An abbreviation of . was the Intelligence agency, state security service of the East Germany from 1950 to 1990. The Stasi's function was similar to the KGB, serving as a means of maint ...
headquarters in
East Berlin East Berlin was the ''de facto'' capital city of East Germany from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as ...
in an attempt to view their government records. ** Martin Luther King Day Crash – Telephone service in Atlanta, St. Louis, and Detroit, including 9-1-1 service, goes down for nine hours, due to an AT&T software bug. *
January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...
**
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: Black January – Soviet troops occupy
Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...
,
Azerbaijan SSR Azerbaijan ( az, Азәрбајҹан, Azərbaycan, italics=no), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; az, Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы, Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist R ...
, under the state of emergency decree issued by
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED O ...
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
, and kill over 130 protesters who were demonstrating for independence. The
Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Nakhichevan ASSR was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerb ...
declares its independence from the USSR. ** Clashes break out between Indian troops and
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
separatists in
Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...
. ** The government of
Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...
declares a
state of emergency A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...
, under which it suspends civil liberties, imposes censorship, and arrests political opponents. The state of siege is lifted on January 29. *
January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
Robert Tappan Morris is convicted of releasing the Morris worm. *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
**
Avianca Flight 52 Avianca Flight 052 was a regularly scheduled flight from Bogotá, Colombia, to New York City, United States, via Medellín, Colombia, that crashed on January 25, 1990, at 21:34 ( UTC−05:00). The Boeing 707 flying this route ran out of fuel ...
crashes into Cove Neck, Long Island, New York after a miscommunication between the flight crew and JFK Airport officials, killing 73 people on board. **
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Paki ...
Benazir Bhutto Benazir Bhutto ( ur, بینظیر بُھٹو; sd, بينظير ڀُٽو; Urdu ; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 t ...
gives birth to a girl, becoming the first modern head of government to bear a child while in office. **
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
begins an eight-day tour of
Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...
,
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ) ...
,
Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...
,
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the ...
, and
Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...
. *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
26 – The
Burns' Day storm The Burns' Day Storm (also known as Cyclone Daria) was an extremely violent windstorm that took place on 25–26 January 1990 over North-Western Europe. It is one of the strongest European windstorms on record. This storm has received different ...
kills 97 in northwestern Europe. *
January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...
– The city of Tiraspol in the
Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( ro, Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Moldovan Cyrillic: ) was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 1940 ...
briefly declares independence. *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...
– Four months after their exit from power, the Polish United Workers' Party votes to dissolve and reorganize as the
Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdRP) ( pl, Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SdRP) was a social-democratic political party in Poland created in 1990, shortly after the Revolutions of 1989. The party was the main party of ...
. *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler o ...
** The trial of
Joseph Hazelwood Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood (September 24, 1946 – ) was an American sailor. He was the captain of ''Exxon Valdez'' during her 1989 oil spill. He was accused of being intoxicated which contributed to the disaster, but was cleared of this charge ...
, former skipper of the '' Exxon Valdez'', begins in
Anchorage, Alaska Anchorage () is the largest city in the U.S. state of Alaska by population. With a population of 291,247 in 2020, it contains nearly 40% of the state's population. The Anchorage metropolitan area, which includes Anchorage and the neighboring Ma ...
. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's second worst
oil spill An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into th ...
to date. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
**
Globalization Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. The term ''globalization'' first appeared in the early 20t ...
– The first
McDonald's McDonald's Corporation is an American Multinational corporation, multinational fast food chain store, chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechri ...
in Moscow,
Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
opens 8 months after construction began on May 3, 1989. 8 months later the first McDonald's in
Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
is opened in
Shenzhen Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
. ** President of the United States
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
gives his first State of the Union address and proposes that the U.S. and the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
make deep cuts to their military forces in Europe.


February

* February/March – 100,000
Kashmiri Pandits The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins) are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. They belong to the Pancha-Gauda, Pancha Gauda Brahmin group from the Kashmir Valley, a mountai ...
leave their homeland in
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir may refer to: * Kashmir, the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent * Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), a region administered by India as a union territory * Jammu and Kashmir (state), a region administered ...
's Valley after being targeted by Islamist extremists. * February –
Smoking Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is typically breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly, the substance used is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant, which have bee ...
is banned on all cross-country flights in the United States. *
February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...
Apartheid Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...
:
F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (, , 18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996 in the democratic government. As South A ...
announces the unbanning of the
African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a Social democracy, social-democratic political party in Republic of South Africa, South Africa. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when ...
and promises to release
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1 ...
. *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
** The
Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...
votes to end its monopoly of power, clearing the way for multiparty elections. ** In the Tajik SSR, rioting breaks out against the settlement of
Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
refugee A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to well-founded fear of persecution.
s there. *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...
ADtranz low floor tram The ADtranz low floor tram was introduced in the 1990s as the world's first tram with a completely low floor design. This tram was developed by MAN for the Bremen urban transport system. The prototype, tram number 3801, was first publicly intr ...
world's first completely low-floor tram introduced in
Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state consis ...
. *
February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...
**
President of South Africa The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president heads the executive branch of the Government of South Africa and is the commander-in-chief of the South African Nationa ...
F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (, , 18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996 in the democratic government. As South A ...
announces that
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1 ...
will be released the next day. **
Las Cruces Bowling Alley massacre The Las Cruces bowling alley massacre occurred in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States, on February 10, 1990. Seven people were shot, four fatally, by two unidentified robbers at the Las Cruces Bowling Alley at 1201 East Amador Avenue. The gunmen ...
: 2 people walked into the 10 Pin Alley in Las Cruces, New Mexico, (known then as the Las Cruces Bowl) and shot seven people, four of whom were killed. The case is currently unsolved. *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1 ...
is released from Victor Verster Prison, near
Cape Town Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
, South Africa, after 27 years behind bars. *
February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...
– Representatives of
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
and the
Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republic ...
meet in
Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...
for an "Open Skies" conference. The conference results in agreements about
superpower A superpower is a state with a dominant position characterized by its extensive ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale. This is done through the combined means of economic, military, technological, political and cultural s ...
troop levels in Europe and on
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
. *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...
**
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite Germany. **
Drexel Burnham Lambert Drexel Burnham Lambert was an American multinational investment bank that was forced into bankruptcy in 1990 due to its involvement in illegal activities in the junk bond market, driven by senior executive Michael Milken. At its height, it was a ...
files for bankruptcy protection, Chapter 11. *
February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
– The
Pale Blue Dot ''Pale Blue Dot'' is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the ''Voyager 1'' space probe from a record distance of about kilometers ( miles, 40.5 AU), as part of that day's ''Family Portrait'' series of images of the ...
photograph of
Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...
is sent back from the ''
Voyager 1 ''Voyager 1'' is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin ''Voyager 2'', ''Voya ...
'' probe after completing its primary mission, from around 5.6 billion kilometers (3.5 billion mi) away. *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
** The United Kingdom and
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
restore diplomatic relations after 8 years. The UK had severed ties in response to Argentina's
invasion An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either: conquering; liberating or re-establishing con ...
of the
Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; es, Islas Malvinas, link=no ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about from Cape Dubouzet ...
, a
British Dependent Territory The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remnants of the former Bri ...
, in
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street bridges, 14th Street Bridge in ...
. ** In
Cartagena, Colombia Cartagena ( , also ), known since the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias (), is a city and one of the major ports on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region, bordering the Caribbean sea. Cartagena's past role as a link ...
, a summit is held between
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
, President of Bolivia Jaime Paz Zamora, President of Colombia Virgilio Barco Vargas, and President of Peru
Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of ...
. The leaders pledge additional cooperation in fighting international drug trafficking. *
February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...
– The
Sandinistas The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas () in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto Cé ...
are defeated in the
Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
n
elections An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operate ...
, with Violeta Chamorro elected as the new
president of Nicaragua The president of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua. The office was ...
(the first elected woman president in the Americas), replacing
Daniel Ortega José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (; born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguans, Nicaraguan revolutionary and politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007. Previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as coordinator of the ...
. *
February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
– The
USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
agrees to withdraw all 73,500 troops from
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
by July,
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
. *
February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
Exxon ''Valdez'' oil spill:
Exxon ExxonMobil Corporation (commonly shortened to Exxon) is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is the largest direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, and was formed on November 30, ...
and its shipping company are indicted on 5 criminal counts. *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
– President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega announces a cease-fire with the U.S.-backed
contras The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to 1990 in opposition to the Marxist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction Government in Nicaragua, which came to power in 1979 fol ...
.


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...
** A fire at the Sheraton Hotel in
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
, Egypt, kills 16 people. **
Steve Jackson Games Steve Jackson Games (SJGames) is a game company, founded in 1980 by Steve Jackson, that creates and publishes role-playing, board, and card games, and (until 2019) the gaming magazine ''Pyramid''. History Founded in 1980, six years after the cr ...
is raided by the
U.S. Secret Service The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security charged with conducting criminal investigations and protecting U.S. political leaders, their families, and ...
, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. ** The Royal New Zealand Navy discontinues its daily rum ration. ** Luis Alberto Lacalle, a grandson of the late politician and diplomat Luis Alberto de Herrera, is sworn in as List of Presidents of Uruguay, President of Uruguay. * March 3 – The ITASE, International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition, a group of six explorers from six nations, completes the first dog sled crossing of Antarctica. * March 8 – The Nintendo World Championships were held within the Fair Park, Fair Park's Automobile Building, kickstarting an almost year long gaming competition across 29 American cities. * March 9 ** Police seal off Brixton in South London after another Poll Tax Riots, night of protests against the Tax per head, poll tax. ** Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland Premier Clyde Kirby Wells, Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the Meech Lake Accord. * March 10 – Prosper Avril is ousted in a September 1988 Haitian coup d'état, coup in
Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...
, eighteen months after seizing power. * March 11 –
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuanian SSR declares independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
with the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania * March 11–March 13, 13 – The March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak produces 64 tornadoes across six US states, including four violent Fujita scale, F4/Fujita scale, F5 tornadoes. The outbreak leaves 2 dead, 89 injured, and causes over $500 million in damages. * March 12 – Cold War: Soviet soldiers begin leaving Hungary under terms of an agreement to withdraw all Soviet troops by June 1. * March 13 – The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approves changes to the Constitution of the Soviet Union to create a strong Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, U.S.-style presidency.
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
is elected to a five-year term as the first-ever President of the Soviet Union on March 15. * March 15 **
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
hangs British journalist Farzad Bazoft for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice. **
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
is elected as the first executive president of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. **
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
announces that Lithuania's declaration of independence is invalid. ** Fernando Collor de Mello takes office as President of Brazil, Brazil's first democratically elected president since Jânio Quadros in 1961. The next day, he announces a currency freeze and freezes large bank accounts for 18 months. * March 18 ** Twelve paintings and a Shang dynasty vase, collectively worth $100 to $300 million, are Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft, stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts by two thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest art theft in US history, and the paintings () have not been recovered. **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
holds its first 1990 East German general election, free elections. * March 20 – Ferdinand Marcos's widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering. * March 21 – After 75 years of South African rule since World War I,
Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...
becomes independent. * March 24 – 1990 Australian federal election: Bob Hawke's Australian Labor Party, Labor Hawke Government, Government is re-elected with a reduced majority, narrowly defeating the Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, National Coalition (Australia), Coalition led by Andrew Peacock. * March 25 ** In New York City, a fire due to arson at an illegal social club called "Happy Land fire, Happy Land" kills 87. ** Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie announces his intention to retire at the end of the year. ** In the 1990 Hungarian parliamentary election, Hungarian parliamentary election, Hungary's first multiparty election since 1948, the Hungarian Democratic Forum wins the most seats. * March 26 – The 62nd Academy Awards, hosted by Billy Crystal, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California, with ''Driving Miss Daisy'' winning Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Picture. * March 27 – The United States begins broadcasting Radio y Televisión Martí to Cuba. * March 28 – U.S. President
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal. * March 30 –
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: After its 1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election, first free elections on March 18, the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian SSR declares the Occupation of the Baltic states, Soviet rule to have been illegal since 1940 and declares a transition period for full independence. * March 31 – "Poll Tax Riots, The Second Battle of Trafalgar": A massive anti-Tax per head, poll tax demonstration in Trafalgar Square, London, turns into a riot; 471 people are injured, and 341 are arrested.


April

* April 1 ** The Poll tax (Great Britain), Community Charge (poll tax) takes effect in England and Wales amid widespread protests ** Strangeways Prison riot: The longest prison riot in Britain's history begins at Strangeways Prison in Manchester, and continues for 3 weeks and 3 days, until April 25. ** The 1990 United States Census begins. There are 248,709,873 residents in the U.S. * April 6 – Robert Mapplethorpe's "The Perfect Moment" show of nude and homoerotic photographs opens at the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center, in spite of accusations of indecency by Citizens for Community Values. * April 7 ** Iran–Contra affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of 5 charges for his part in the scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal. **''Scandinavian Star'', a The Bahamas, Bahamas-registered ferry, catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark, leaving 158 dead. * April 8 ** In Kingdom of Nepal, Nepal, Birendra of Nepal lifts a ban on political parties following violent protests. ** In the 1990 Greek legislative election, Greek legislative election, the conservative New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy wins the most seats in the Hellenic Parliament; its leader, Konstantinos Mitsotakis, becomes Prime Minister of Greece on April 11. ** In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Republic of Slovenia holds Yugoslavia's 1990 Slovenian parliamentary election, first multiparty election since 1938. After the election, a center-right coalition led by Lojze Peterle forms Yugoslavia's first non-Communist government since 1945. * April 9 – C/1989 X1, Comet Austin, the brightest comet visible from Earth since 1975, makes its closest approach to the sun. * April 12 – Lothar de Maizière becomes prime minister of
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
, heading a conservative coalition that favors
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
. * April 13 –
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
apologizes for the Katyn massacre. * April 14 – Junk bond financier Michael Milken pleaded guilty to fraud-related charges. He agreed to pay US$500 million in restitution and was sentenced on November 21 to 10 years in jail. *April 20 – 17-year-old Disappearance of Christopher Kerze, Christopher Kerze goes missing in Eagan, Minnesota. He remains missing . *April 21 – Japanese :fi:Yoshio Tani, Yoshio Tani, M.Sc murders gold merchant Turkka Elovirta and businessman Juhani Komulainen in Siuntio, Finland, having convinced them to buy a nonexistent 500 kilogram stash of Nazi gold. * April 22 ** Lebanon hostage crisis: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Robert Polhill, who had been held hostage since January 1987. ** Earth Day 20 is celebrated by millions worldwide. * April 24 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: West Germany and
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
agree to merge currency and economies on July 1. **''STS-31'': The
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versa ...
is launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, Space Shuttle ''Discovery''. ** President of Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko lifts a 20-year ban on opposition parties. * April 25 – Violeta Chamorro is sworn in as President (government title), President of
Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
, the first woman elected (February 25) in her own right as a head of state in the Americas. * April 26: A 1990 Gonghe earthquake, 7.0 earthquake shakes the Chinese province of Qinghai leaving 126 dead. * April 30 – Lebanon hostage crisis: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Frank H. Reed, who had been held hostage since September 1986.


May

* May 1 – The former Episcopal Church in the Philippines (supervised by the Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopal Church of the United States of America) is granted full autonomy and raised to the state of an Autocephalous Anglican province and renamed the Episcopal Church of the Philippines. * May 2 – In London, a man brandishing a knife robs a courier of bearer bonds worth £292 million (the second largest robbery, mugging to date). * May 2–May 4, 4 – First talks between the government of South Africa and the
African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a Social democracy, social-democratic political party in Republic of South Africa, South Africa. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when ...
. * May 4 –
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Latvian SSR declares independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. * May 8 **
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian SSR restores the formal name of the country, the Republic of Estonia, as well as other national emblems (Coat of arms of Estonia, the coat of arms, Flag of Estonia, the flag and Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm, the anthem). ** Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier assumes office as President of Costa Rica. * May 9 – In South Korea, police battle anti-government protesters in Seoul and two other cities. * May 12 – Jeanne Calment surpasses Augusta Holtz to become the list of the verified oldest people, oldest verified person ever. * May 13 ** In the Philippines, gunmen kill two United States Air Force airmen near Clark Air Base on the eve of talks between the Philippines and the United States over the future of American military bases in the Philippines. ** The Dinamo–Red Star riot took place at Maksimir Stadium in Zagreb, Croatia between the Bad Blue Boys (fans of Dinamo Zagreb) and the Delije (fans of Red Star Belgrade). * May 15 **
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic states, Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union a ...
: The Soviet Union, pro-Soviet Intermovement attempts to take power in Tallinn, Estonian SSR, Estonia, but are forced down by local Estonians. **''Portrait of Dr. Gachet'' by Vincent van Gogh is sold for a record List of most expensive paintings, $82.5 million. * May 17 – The World Health Organization removes homosexuality from its list of diseases. * May 18 –
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and West Germany sign a treaty to merge their economic and social systems, effective July 1. * May 19 – The US and the USSR agree to end production of chemical weapons and to destroy most of their stockpiles of chemical weapons. * May 20 –
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: The first post-communism, Communist presidential and parliamentary elections are held in Romania. * May 21 – In
Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...
, a Kashmiri Islamic leader is assassinated and Indian security forces open fire on mourners carrying his body, killing at least 47 people. * May 22 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: The leaders of the Yemen Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen announce the Unification of Yemen, unification of their countries as the Republic of Yemen. * May 27 ** In the 1990 Burmese general election, Burmese general election, Burma's first multiparty election in 30 years, the National League for Democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi wins in a landslide, but the State Peace and Development Council, State Law and Order Restoration Council nullifies the election results. ** In the 1990 Colombian presidential election, Colombian presidential election, César Gaviria is elected President of Colombia; he takes office on August 7. * May 29 **
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
arrives in
Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...
for a 29-hour visit. ** Boris Yeltsin is elected as the first ever elected president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. ** European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) founded. * May 30 –
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
and
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
begin a four-day summit meeting in Washington, D.C.


June

* June – Joanne Rowling gets the idea for Harry Potter while on a train from Manchester to London Euston railway station. She begins writing ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' which will be completed in 1995 and published in 1997. * June 1 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: U.S. President
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
and Soviet President
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production and begin destroying their respective stocks. ** Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army shoot and kill Major Michael Dillon-Lee and Private William Robert Davies of the British Army. Dillon-Lee is killed outside his home in Dortmund, Germany and Davies is killed at a railway station in Lichfield, England. * June 2 – The June 1990 Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak, Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 88 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12; 37 tornadoes occur in Indiana, eclipsing the previous record of 21 during the 1974 Super Outbreak, Super Outbreak of April 1974. * June 4 – Violence breaks out in the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirghiz SSR between the majority Kyrgyz people and minority Uzbeks over the distribution of homestead land. * June 7 ** Metropolitan Alexy II of Moscow, Alexy of Leningrad is elected Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. * June 8 ** The
1990 FIFA World Cup The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being Me ...
begins in Italy. This was the first broadcast of digital HDTV in history; Europe would not begin HDTV broadcasting en masse until 2004. ** Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Shamir ends 88 days with only an acting government by forming a coalition of right-wing and religious parties led by Shamir's Likud party. * June 8–June 9, 9 – In the 1990 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Czechoslovakian parliamentary election,
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
's first free election since 1946, the Civic Forum wins the most seats but fails to secure a majority. * June 9 – ''Mega Borg Oil Spill, Mega Borg'' oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico near Galveston, Texas. * June 10 ** Alberto Fujimori is elected President of Peru; he takes office on July 28. ** First round of the 1990 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election sees the Bulgarian Socialist Party win a majority. The second round of voting is held June 17. * June 11 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers, massacre over 600 unarmed police officers in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, Eastern Province. * June 12 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation formally Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, declares its sovereignty. ** In the 1990 Algerian local elections, Algerian local elections, Algeria's first multiparty election since 1962, the Islamic Salvation Front wins control of more than half of municipalities and 32 of Algeria's 48 provinces. * June 13 –
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
– The destruction of the Berlin Wall by
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
officially starts, 7 months after it was opened the previous November. * June 13–June 15, 15 – June 1990 Mineriad: Clashes break out in Bucharest between supporters and opponents of the ruling National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front. * June 14 – 1990 Panay earthquake: An earthquake measuring struck Panay Island in the Philippines, killing 8 and injuring 41. * June 15 – Dublin Regulation on treatment of applications for right of asylum under European Union law agreed (comes into force 1997). * June 17–June 30, 30 –
Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African Internal resistance to apartheid, anti-apartheid activist who served as the President of South Africa, first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1 ...
tours North America, visiting 3 Canadian and 8 U.S. cities. * June 19 – The Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic holds its inaugural conference in Moscow. * June 21 – The 7.4 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake, Manjil–Rudbar earthquake affects northern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000. * June 22 –
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: Checkpoint Charlie is dismantled. * June 23 – In Canada, the Meech Lake Accord of 1987 dies after the Manitoba and Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland legislatures fail to approve it ahead of the deadline. * June 24 – Kathleen Margaret Brown and Irene Templeton are ordained as priests in St Anne's Cathedral in Belfast, becoming the first female Anglicanism, Anglican priests in the United Kingdom.


July

* July 1 –
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and West Germany merge their economies, the West German Deutsche Mark becoming the official currency of the East also. The Inner German border (constructed 1945) also ceases to function. * July 2 ** 1990 Hajj stampede: A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to Mecca kills 1,426. ** A U.S. District Court acquits Imelda Marcos on racketeering and fraud charges. * July 5 – In Kenya, riots erupt against the Kenya African National Union's monopoly on power. * July 6 ** President of Bulgaria Petar Mladenov resigns over accusations that he ordered tanks to disperse anti-government protests in December 1989. ** Somali Democratic Republic, Somali President Siad Barre's bodyguards massacre anti-government demonstrators during a soccer match; 65 people are killed, more than 300 seriously injured. * July 7–July 8, 8 – In tennis, Martina Navratilova of the United States wins the 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles and Stefan Edberg of Sweden wins the 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles. * July 8 – 1990 FIFA World Cup Final (Association football): Germany national football team, West Germany defeats Argentina national football team, Argentina 1–0 to win the
1990 FIFA World Cup The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being Me ...
. * July 9–July 11, 11 – The 16th G7 summit is held in Houston, Texas. * July 11 – Terrorists blow up a passenger bus travelling from Kalbajar to Tartar District, Tartar in Azerbaijan. 14 people are killed, 35 wounded. * July 12 – ''Foster v British Gas plc'' decided in the European Court of Justice, a leading case on the definition of the "state" under European law. * July 13 – The Lenin Peak disaster occurs when an earthquake triggers an avalanche in the Pamir Mountains with the loss of 43 lives. * July 16 – 1990 Luzon earthquake: An earthquake measuring kills more than 2,400 in the Philippines. * July 22 – First round of the 1990 Mongolian legislative election, Mongolian legislative election, the first multiparty ever held in Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolia; the Mongolian People's Party wins by a wide margin after the second round of voting on July 29. * July 25 ** George Carey, Bishop of Bath and Wells, is named as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England. ** The Serb Democratic Party (Croatia) declares the sovereignty of the Serbs in Croatia. ** Roseanne Barr infamously sings "The Star-Spangled Banner" extremely poorly, causing controversy. * July 26 – U.S. President
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
signs the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Americans with Disabilities Act, designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination. * July 27 ** The parliament building and a government television house in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago are stormed by the Jamaat al Muslimeen in a coup d'état attempt which lasts five days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several are wounded (including the prime minister, A. N. R. Robinson, who is shot in the leg). **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belarus declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. * July 28 – Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru. * July 30 – British politician and former Member of Parliament Ian Gow is assassinated by a Provisional Irish Republican Army car bomb outside his home in England.


August

* August 1 ** The National Assembly of Bulgaria elects Zhelyu Zhelev as the first non-Communist President of Bulgaria in 40 years. ** RELCOM is created in the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
by combining several computer networks. Later in August, the Soviet Union got its first connection to the
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
. * August 2 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
:
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
Invasion of Kuwait, invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
. ** The first ban of smoking in bars in the US (and possibly the world) is passed in San Luis Obispo, California. * August 6 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
: The United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
in response to its invasion of
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
. ** President of Pakistan Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Paki ...
Benazir Bhutto Benazir Bhutto ( ur, بینظیر بُھٹو; sd, بينظير ڀُٽو; Urdu ; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 t ...
, accusing her of corruption and abuse of power. ** The South African government and ANC begin talks on ending Apartheid in South Africa. * August 7 ** U.S. President Bush orders U.S. combat planes and troops to Saudi Arabia to prevent a possible attack by Iraq. ** Prime Minister of India V. P. Singh announces plan to reserve 49% of civil service jobs for lower-Caste system in India, caste Hindus. The plan triggers riots, leaving at least 70 dead by September. * August 8 ** Iraq announces its formal annexation of Kuwait. ** The government of Peru announces an austerity plan that results in huge increases in the price of food and gasoline. The plan sets off days of rioting and a national strike on August 21. * August 10 ** Egypt, Syria, and 10 other Arab states vote to send military forces to Saudi Arabia to discourage an invasion from Iraq. ** A passenger bus, traveling along the route "Tbilisi-Agdam", is blown up; 20 people died and 30 were injured. The organizers of the crime were Armenians in Georgia, Armenians A. Avanesian and M. Tatevosian who were brought to criminal trial. * August 12 ** In South Africa, fighting breaks out between the Xhosa people and the Zulu people; more than 500 people are killed by the end of August. **"Sue (dinosaur), Sue", the best preserved ''Tyrannosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex'' specimen ever found, is discovered near Faith, South Dakota by Sue Hendrickson. * August 19 – Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 7 performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra. * August 21 – Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone send Peacekeeping, peacekeepers to intervene in the First Liberian Civil War. * August 22 – U.S. President Bush calls up U.S. military reservists for service in the Persian Gulf Crisis. * August 23 –
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
announce they will unite on October 3. * August 24 ** The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian SSR declares its independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. ** Northern Ireland writer Brian Keenan (writer), Brian Keenan is released from Lebanon after being held hostage for nearly 5 years. ** Indonesian commercial television network SCTV (Indonesia), SCTV was established as the nation's third television station after RCTI, and also debuted as local television channel in Surabaya. During its earlier days, SCTV was the rival for RCTI, the first commercial television network. SCTV began broadcasting nationwide from Jakarta by
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler o ...
,
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
. * August 26 – In Sofia, protesters set fire to the headquarters of the governing Bulgarian Socialist Party. * August 28 – The 1990 Plainfield tornado, Plainfield Tornado (F5 on the Fujita scale) strikes the towns of Plainfield, Illinois, Plainfield, Crest Hill, Illinois, Crest Hill, and Joliet, Illinois, killing 29 people (the strongest tornado to date to strike the Chicago metropolitan area).


September

* September 1–September 10, 10 –
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast. * September 2 –
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Transnistria declares its independence from the
Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( ro, Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Moldovan Cyrillic: ) was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 1940 ...
; however, the declaration is not recognized by any government. * September 4 – Geoffrey Palmer (politician), Geoffrey Palmer resigns as Prime Minister of New Zealand and is replaced by Mike Moore (New Zealand politician), Mike Moore. * September 4–September 6, 6 – Premier of North Korea Yon Hyong-muk meets with President of South Korea Roh Tae-woo, the highest level contact between leaders of the two Koreas since 1945. * September 5 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers Eastern University massacre, massacre 158 civilians. * September 6 – In Myanmar, the State Peace and Development Council, State Law and Order Restoration Council orders the arrest of Aung San Suu Kyi and five other political dissidents. * September 9 ** U.S. President Bush and Soviet President Gorbachev meet in Helsinki to discuss the Persian Gulf crisis. ** First Liberian Civil War: Liberian president Samuel Doe is captured by rebel leader Prince Johnson and killed in a filmed execution. ** Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers 1990 Batticaloa massacre, massacre 184 civilians in Batticaloa. * September 10 – The first Pizza Hut opens up in the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. * September 11 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
: U.S. President
George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushSince around 2000, he has been usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009; pr ...
delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Ba'athist Iraq, Iraqi soldiers from
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
. ** First Pizza Hut opens in the People's Republic of China, nearly 3 years after the first KFC opened there in 1987. * September 12 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: The two German states and the Allied Control Council, Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany in Moscow, paving the way for
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
. ** A judge in Australia orders the arrest of media tycoon Christopher Skase, former owner of the Seven Network, after he fails to give evidence in a liquidator's examination of failed shipbuilding company Lloyds Ships Holdings, an associate of Skase's Qintex Australia Ltd. * September 17 – In what is now regarded as a landmark event in regards to women in journalism, reporter Lisa Olson was Lisa Olson#Sexual harassment incident, sexually harassed by multiple New England Patriots players while trying to conduct a locker room interview. * September 18 ** The International Olympic Committee awards the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta. ** Provisional Irish Republican Army assassination attempt on the life of Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Terry at his home near Stafford, England. Hit by at least 9 bullets, the former Governor of Gibraltar survives, as does his wife, Lady Betty Terry, who is also shot (most likely by accident). * September 24 – The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union grants Gorbachev special powers for 18 months to secure the Soviet Union's transition to a market economy. * September 27 – David Souter is confirmed to serve on the Supreme Court, replacing retiring Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., William Brennan. * September 29 ** Washington, D.C.'s Washington National Cathedral, National Cathedral is finished. ** The Tampere Hall, the largest concert and congress center in the Nordic countries, was inaugurated in Tampere, Finland. * September 29–September 30, 30 – The United Nations World Summit for Children draws more than 70 world leaders to United Nations Headquarters.


October

* October –
Tim Berners-Lee Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a profess ...
begins his work on the
World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet. Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web se ...
, 19 months after his seminal 1989 outline of what would become the Web concept. * October 1 – The rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front invades Rwanda from Uganda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War. *October 2 – According to The Civil Aviation of China, 1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions, two commercial planes collide on the runway at the Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former), Baiyun Airport of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The total death toll is 128; 53 people were wounded, 97 were rescued. * October 3 –
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and West Germany German reunification, reunify into a single Germany. * October 4 – Moro conflict: Rebel forces seize two military posts on the island of Mindanao, Philippines before surrendering on October 6. * October 8 ** Israeli–Palestinian conflict: In Jerusalem, Israeli police kill 17 Palestinian people, Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock mosque on the Temple Mount. **
Globalization Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. The term ''globalization'' first appeared in the early 20t ...
: The first
McDonald's McDonald's Corporation is an American Multinational corporation, multinational fast food chain store, chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechri ...
restaurant is opened in
Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
in
Shenzhen Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
, near Hong Kong. Since 1979, Shenzhen has been a Special economic zone. * October 13 – Lebanese Civil War: Syrian military forces invade and occupy Mount Lebanon, ousting General Michel Aoun's government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14 year occupation of Lebanese soil. * October 14 – Composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein dies of a heart attack at his home in New York City at the age of 72. * October 15 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: Soviet President
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
tensions and reform his nation. ** South Africa ends segregation of libraries, trains, buses, toilets, swimming pools, and other public facilities. * October 17 ** North Kalimantan Communist Party insurgents sign a peace agreement which formally ends 28 years of Sarawak Communist insurgency in Malaysia. ** A Financial service, major financial service of Russia, VTB Bank is founded in Russian Soviet Socialist Republic, Russia SSR, former part of
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
, as predecessor name was Vneshtorg Bank. * October 21 – The remains of the former Estonian head of state, Konstantin Päts, found in the Tver region in Russia, are brought to Tallinn and buried at state expense in the Metsakalmistu cemetery. * October 22 – Nizhny Novgorod restores its official name from Gorky, Volga Federal District, Russia. * October 24 ** In the 1990 Pakistani general election, Pakistani general election, Prime Minister Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party loses power to a center-right coalition government led by the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad party. ** Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti reveals the existence of Operation Gladio, a clandestine North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO "stay-behind" operation in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
during the
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
. * October 27 **
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: The Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirghiz SSR selects Askar Akayev as the republic's first President of Kyrgyzstan, president. ** The New Zealand National Party wins the 1990 New Zealand general election, New Zealand general election, and its leader, Jim Bolger, becomes prime minister. * October 29 – In Norway, the government headed by Prime Minister of Norway Jan P. Syse collapses. * October 30 – The first transatlantic fiber optic cable TAT-8 fails, causing a slowdown of Internet traffic between the United States and Europe.


November

* November – The earliest known portable digital camera sold in the United States ships. * November 7 – Mary Robinson defeats odds-on favorite Brian Lenihan Snr, Brian Lenihan to become the first female President of Ireland. * November 2 – British Satellite Broadcasting and Sky Television (1984–1990), Sky Television plc merge to form BSkyB as a result of massive losses. * November 3 – Gro Harlem Brundtland assumes office as Prime Minister of Norway. * November 5 – Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach and Kahane Chai, Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel. * November 6 – Nawaz Sharif is sworn in as the
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Paki ...
. * November 7 ** Indian Prime Minister Singh resigns over losing a confidence vote in the Parliament of India, having lost the support of Hindus who want a
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
mosque in Ayodhya torn down to build a Hindu temple. ** The 1990 October Revolution Parade, final military parade to mark the anniversary of the October Revolution, Great October Socialist Revolution takes place in the USSR. * November 9 ** A new constitution comes into effect in the Kingdom of Nepal, establishing multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy; this is the culmination of the 1990 People's Movement. ** The Parliament of Singapore enacts the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. * November 10 – Chandra Shekhar becomes Prime Minister of India as head of a minority government. * November 12 ** Akihito is enthroned as the 125th emperor of Japan following the death of Hirohito, his father on January 7, 1989. **
Tim Berners-Lee Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a profess ...
publishes a more formal proposal for the
World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet. Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web se ...
. * November 13 ** The first known World Wide Web, web page is written. ** In New Zealand, David Gray kills 13 people in what will become known as the Aramoana massacre. * November 14 – Germany and Poland sign a German–Polish Border Treaty (1990), treaty confirming the border at the Oder–Neisse line. * November 15 **''STS-38'': Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' is launched on a classified U.S. military mission. ** President Bush signed new Clean Air Act (United States), Clean Air Act, focused on urban pollution and cancer-causing emissions from industrial sources. * November 17 – Soviet President Gorbachev proposes a radical restructuring of the Soviet government, including the creation of a Federal Council to be made up of the heads of the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union, Soviet republics. * November 19–November 21, 21 – The leaders of Canada, the United States, and 32 European states meet in Paris to formally mark the end of the
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
. * November 20 – Andrei Chikatilo, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific serial killers, is arrested in Novocherkassk. * November 21 ** Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed. ** Agreement for decriminalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults in Queensland, Australia. ** The Super Nintendo Entertainment System was released in Japan. * November 22 –
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...
announces she will not contest the second ballot of the 1990 Conservative Party leadership election, leadership election for the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party. * November 25 – Lech Wałęsa and Stanisław Tymiński win the first round of the 1990 Polish presidential election, first Polish presidential election. * November 27 – Women's suffrage is introduced in the last Swiss half-canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. * November 28 ** Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew resigns and is replaced by Goh Chok Tong. ** The first female
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
,
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...
, resigns after 11 years and is replaced by John Major. * November 29 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
: The United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, UN Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing military intervention in
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
if that state does not withdraw its forces from
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15,
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
. ** Prime Minister of Bulgaria Andrey Lukanov and his government of former communists resign under pressure from strikes and street protests.


December

* December 1 ** Channel Tunnel workers from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 metres beneath the English Channel seabed, establishing the first land connection between Great Britain and the mainland of Europe for around 8,000 years. ** President of Chad Hissène Habré is deposed by the Patriotic Salvation Movement and replaced as president by its leader Idriss Déby. * December 2 – The 1990 German federal election, German federal election (the first election held since
German reunification German reunification (german: link=no, Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a united and fully sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the Ge ...
) is won by Helmut Kohl, who becomes Chancellor of Germany. * December 3 ** 1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision: At Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9) collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 (a Boeing 727) on the runway, killing 8 passengers and 4 crew members. ** Mary Robinson begins her term as President of Ireland, becoming the first female to hold this office. * December 6 **
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
releases a group of Western hostages he captured. ** President Hussain Muhammad Ershad of Bangladesh is forced to resign following massive protests; he is replaced by Shahabuddin Ahmed, who becomes interim president. * December 7 ** In Brussels, trade talks fail because of a dispute between the U.S. and the European Union over farm export subsidies. ** The National Assembly of Bulgaria elects Dimitar Iliev Popov as Prime Minister of Bulgaria. * December 9 ** Slobodan Milošević elected President of Republic of Serbia (1990–2006), Serbia in first round, 1990 Serbian general election, general elections won by his Socialist Party. ** Lech Wałęsa wins the 2nd round of Poland's 1990 Polish presidential election, first presidential election. * December 11 – Fall of communism in Albania: Ramiz Alia, leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, following massive demonstrations by students and workers, announces that a free national election will be held next spring of 1991 with political parties other than the Party of Labour of Albania, Party of Labour permitted; an opposition Democratic Party of Albania, Democratic Party is formed the following day. * December 11 A multi-vehicle traffic collision known as the 1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster occurs; 12 deaths and 42 were caused by this event * December 16 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide is Haitian general election, 1990–1991, elected president of Haiti, ending 3 decades of military rule. * December 20 ** Eduard Shevardnadze announces his resignation as Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs ** Tim Berners-Lee completes the test for the first webpage at
CERN The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Gene ...
. * December 22 ** The first Constitution of Croatia, constitution of the Republic of Croatia is adopted. ** The Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia become independent, following the termination of their trusteeship. ** The Polish government-in-exile is dissolved in London after being in exile since 1939. * December 23 – In the 1990 Slovenian independence referendum, Slovenian independence referendum, 88.5% of the overall electorate (94.8% of votes), with the turnout of 93.3%, support independence of the country. * December 24 – Ramsewak Shankar is ousted as President of Suriname, President of Suriname by a military coup. * December 25 – Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, Russian aircraft carrier ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' is commissioned. * December 31 – Russian Garry Kasparov holds his title by winning the World Chess Championship match against his countryman Anatoly Karpov.


World population


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Xavier Avery, American baseball player * January 2 – Karel Abraham, Czech motorcycle racer * January 4 ** Toni Kroos, German footballer ** Alberto Paloschi, Italian footballer * January 5 ** Leroy Fer, Dutch footballer ** Yang Yo-seob, Yoseob, Korean pop singer * January 6 ** Sandro Cortese, German motorcycle racer ** Abhinav Mukund, Indian cricketer ** Alex Teixeira, Brazilian footballer ** Natalie Palamides, American voice actress known for ''The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series), The Powerpuff Girls'' * January 7 ** Fernando Dente, Argentine actor, singer, dancer, theater director and TV presenter ** Elene Gedevanishvili, Georgian figure skater ** Gregor Schlierenzauer, Austrian ski jumper * January 8 ** Robin Olsen, Swedish footballer ** Xu Xin (table tennis), Xu Xin, Chinese table tennis player ** Scott Pye, Australian professional racing driver * January 9 ** Todor Skrimov, Bulgarian male volleyball player ** Melissa Ricks, Filipino-American actress ** Son Ji-hyun, South Korean actress and singer * January 10 ** Facundo Gambandé, Argentine actor and singer ** Tao Li, Singaporean Olympic swimmer ** Renan Buiatti, Brazilian volleyball player ** Arthur Kisenyi, Ugandan actor, singer and musician ** Aishwarya Rajesh, Indian actress ** Mirko Bortolotti, Italian racing driver *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...
– Ryan Griffin (tight end), Ryan Griffin, American footballer *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
– Sergey Karjakin, Ukrainian chess player *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– Liam Hemsworth, Australian actor * January 14 ** Grant Gustin, American actor and singer ** Áron Szilágyi, Hungarian fencer ** Mikee Lee, Filipino actor, model and host *
January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
** Chris Warren (actor), Chris Warren, American actor ** Luke Willson, American football player * January 16 – Simon Porte Jacquemus, French fashion designer * January 17 – Tom Bosworth, British race walker * January 18 ** Nacho (footballer, born 1990), Nacho, Spanish footballer ** Gift Ngoepe, South African-born baseball player * January 21 ** George Finn, Georgian actor ** Kelly Rohrbach, American model and actress ** Jacob Smith (actor), Jacob Smith, American actor *
January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
** Alizé Cornet, French tennis player ** Logic (rapper), Logic, American rapper, singer-songwriter, and record producer * January 23 – Artsem Mikhalenka, Belarusian singer * January 24 ** Mao Abe, Japanese singer-songwriter ** Ermin Bičakčić, Bosnian footballer *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
– Natalie Hall, Canadian actress * January 26 ** Rupan Bal, Canadian–Indian YouTuber, actor, director and comedian ** Kherington Payne, American dancer and actress ** Christopher Massey, American actor, comedian and rapper ** Peter Sagan, Slovakian road bicycle racer ** Sergio Pérez, Mexican racing driver *
January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...
– Nicholas Bett, Kenyan track and field athlete (d. 2018) *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...
– Luce (singer), Luce, French actress/singer *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler o ...
– MacKenzie Porter, Canadian actress and singer * January 30 ** Eiza González, Mexican actress and singer ** Mitchell Starc, Australian cricketer ** Jake Thomas, American actor, voice actor and photographer *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
– Nate Augspurger, American rugby union player


February

* February 1 ** Laura Marling, British singer-songwriter ** Hersi Matmuja, Albanian singer *
February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...
– Clara Alonso (actress), Clara Alonso, Argentine actress, singer, and television hostess * February 3 – Sean Kingston, American singer * February 4 ** Zach King, American videos maker ** Nairo Quintana, Colombian road bicycle racer ** Haruka Tomatsu, Japanese voice actress * February 5 ** Luis Cardona, Guatemalan football player ** Kim Ji-soo (singer, born 1990), Kim Ji-soo, South Korean singer ** Charlbi Dean, Charlbi Dean Kriek, South African actress and model (d. 2022) * February 6 – Jermaine Kearse, American football player *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
** Anna Abreu, Finnish pop singer ** jacksepticeye, Irish YouTuber ** Dalilah Muhammad, American hurdler ** Steven Stamkos, Canadian ice hockey player * February 8 ** Yacine Brahimi, French-Algerian footballer ** Klay Thompson, American basketball player *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...
– Fyodor Smolov, Russian footballer *
February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...
– Sooyoung, Korean singer *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
** Javier Aquino, Mexican footballer ** Q'orianka Kilcher, German-born American actress and activist *
February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...
– Robert Griffin III, American football player *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...
** Gyaincain Norbu, 11th Panchen Lama of Tibetan Buddhism according to some sources ** Kevin Strootman, Dutch footballer ** elrubiusOMG, Spanish YouTuber *
February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
– Brett Dier, Canadian actor *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
– Masashi Ebinuma, Japanese judoka * February 16 – The Weeknd, Canadian musician * February 17 – Bea Rose Santiago, Filipino model * February 18 ** Choi Soo-young, South Korean singer, actress, and songwriter ** Bryan Oviedo, Costa Rican footballer ** Park Shin-hye, South Korean actress * February 19 ** Ryad Boudebouz, French-Algerian footballer ** Saad Al Sheebi, Qatari footballer * February 20 – Ciro Immobile, Italian footballer * February 21 ** David Addy, Ghanaian footballer ** Mattias Tedenby, Swedish ice hockey player ** Flavio Aquilone, Italian voice actor * February 22 – Paige Lawrence, Canadian pair skater *
February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...
** Younès Belhanda, French-Moroccan footballer ** Ehsan Hajsafi, Iranian footballer *
February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
** Jojo Mason, Canadian country music singer-songwriter ** José Melchor, Mexican professional footballer ** Tristan Tafel, Canadian freestyle skier *
February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
** Lindsey Morgan, American actress ** Megan Young, Filipino-American actress, model, television host, and beauty contest title holder *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
** Georgina Leonidas, British actress ** Anna Muzychuk, Ukrainian chess player


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...
– Harry Eden, English actor * March 2 ** Lee Hong-gi, Korean singer ** Tiger Shroff, Indian actor * March 3 ** Sebastian Gregory, Australian actor and musician ** Celina Ree, Danish singer * March 4 ** Andrea Bowen, American actress ** Draymond Green, American basketball player * March 5 – Marco Ureña, Costa Rican footballer * March 6 ** Derek Drouin, Canadian athlete ** Esti Ginzburg, Israeli model * March 7 ** Choi Jong-hoon, Korean singer ** Daniel Samonas, Canadian actor * March 8 ** Rémy Cabella, French footballer ** Kristinia DeBarge, American singer-songwriter ** Petra Kvitová, Czech tennis player * March 9 ** Daley Blind, Dutch footballer ** YG (rapper), YG, American rapper and actor * March 10 – Ryan Nassib, American football quarterback * March 11 – Reiley McClendon, American actor * March 12 ** Alessio Curcio, Italian professional football player ** Vanessa Pose, Venezuelan actress * March 13 ** Emory Cohen, American actor ** Sasha Clements, Canadian actress * March 14 ** Joe Allen, Welsh footballer ** Thali García, Mexican actress ** Kolbeinn Sigþórsson, Icelandic footballer * March 15 – Lauren Barfield, American volleyball player * March 16 – Maps Maponyane, South African television presenter * March 17 – Hozier (musician), Hozier, Irish singer-songwriter * March 18 ** Michael J. Knowles, American conservative political commentator ** Luke Tarsitano, American actor * March 20 ** Stacy Martin, French actress ** Marcos Rojo, Argentine footballer * March 21 ** Nicolás Uriarte, Argentinian volleyball player ** Mandy Capristo, German singer-songwriter, dancer, and model * March 22 – Sophie Caldwell, American cross-country skier * March 23 ** Jaime Alguersuari, Spanish Formula One driver ** Princess Eugenie of York, British princess * March 24 ** Aljur Abrenica, Filipino actor, dancer, model and singer ** Keisha Castle-Hughes, Australian-born New Zealand actress ** Starlin Castro, Dominican baseball player ** Jonathan Jafari, American comedian and Internet personality * March 25 – Kiowa Gordon, American actor * March 26 ** Carly Chaikin, American actress ** Choi Woo-shik, South Korean actor ** Patrick Ekeng, Cameroonian footballer (d. 2016) ** Romain Saïss, French-Moroccan footballer ** Xiumin, South Korean singer and actor * March 27 **Kimbra, New Zealand singer and actress ** Nicolas Nkoulou, Cameroonian footballer **Ben Hunt (rugby league), Ben Hunt, Australian rugby league player * March 28 ** Zoella, English YouTuber and vlogger ** Laura Harrier, American actress and model * March 29 – Timothy Chandler, German-American soccer player * March 30 ** Lee Gi-kwang, Korean singer ** Thomas Rhett, American singer and songwriter ** Matt Simpson (goalball), Matt Simpson, American goalball player ** Corey Cott, American actor and singer ** Cassie Scerbo, American actress, singer and dancer * March 31 ** Bang Yong-guk, South Korean rapper ** Lyra McKee, Northern Irish journalist (d. 2019) ** Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1990), Tommy Smith, English-New Zealand footballer


April

* April 1 – Justin Hamilton (basketball, born 1990), Justin Hamilton, Croatian-American football player * April 2 ** Yevgeniya Kanayeva, Russian gymnast ** Miralem Pjanić, Bosnian footballer * April 3 ** Karim Ansarifard, Iranian footballer ** Madison Brengle, American tennis player ** Lovre Kalinić, Croatian footballer * April 4 ** Andreas Muñoz, Spanish actor * April 5 ** Kim Jung-hyun (actor, born 1990), Kim Jung-hyun, South Korean actor ** Haruma Miura, Japanese actor and singer (d. 2020) * April 6 – Charlie McDermott, American actor * April 7 ** Nickel Ashmeade, Jamaican sprinter ** Sorana Cîrstea, Romanian tennis player * April 8 ** Freddie (singer), Freddie, Hungarian singer ** Kim Jong-hyun (singer), Kim Jong-hyun, South Korean singer (d. 2017) ** Bai Yu (actor), Bai Yu, Chinese actor * April 9 ** Ram Bahadur Bomjon, Nepalese Buddhist ** Kristen Stewart, American actress and director * April 10 ** Maren Morris, American country singer ** Alex Pettyfer, English actor ** Valerio Scanu, Italian pop rock singer * April 11 ** Martin Escudero, Filipino actor, model and television personality ** Darrius Garrett, American-Rwandan professional basketball player * April 12 – Hiroki Sakai, Japanese footballer * April 13 – Anastasija Sevastova, Latvian tennis player * April 14 – Juan Francisco Estrada, Mexican professional boxer * April 15 ** Julien Lyneel, French volleyball player ** Aoxuan Lee, Chinese singer, songwriter, dancer, actor, and Electone player ** Emma Watson, English actress, model, and activist * April 16 ** Lily Loveless, British actress ** Tony McQuay, American sprinter ** Lorraine Nicholson, American actress and director ** Arthur Zanetti, Brazilian artistic gymnast * April 17 ** Astrit Ajdarević, Swedish professional football player ** Sol Rodríguez, Argentinian actress and model * April 18 ** Anna van der Breggen, Dutch cyclist ** Britt Robertson, American actress ** Wojciech Szczęsny, Polish football player * April 19 ** Kim Chiu, Filipino actress ** Héctor Herrera, Mexican footballer ** Kim Himchan, South Korean singer * April 20 ** Lu Han (singer), Lu Han, South Korean singer ** Georgia Toews, Canadian novelist * April 21 – Bree Essrig, American actress * April 22 – Machine Gun Kelly (rapper), Machine Gun Kelly, American rapper and singer * April 23 – Dev Patel, British actor * April 24 ** Kim Tae-ri, South Korean actress ** Carly Pearce, American country singer * April 25 ** Jan-Lennard Struff, German tennis player ** Jean-Éric Vergne, French Formula 1 driver * April 26 – Jonathan dos Santos, Mexican footballer * April 27 – Lou de Laâge, French television actress * April 28 – Chelsea Stewart, American soccer player * April 29 **Bradford Burgess, American basketball player **Chris Johnson (basketball, born 1990), Chris Johnson, American basketball player * April 30 – T-Hawk (wrestler), T-Hawk, Japanese professional wrestler


May

* May 1 – Caitlin Stasey, Australian actress * May 2 ** Paul George, American basketball player ** Kay Panabaker, American actress * May 3 ** Miranda Chartrand, Canadian singer ** Ida Galich, Russian TV presenter ** Brooks Koepka, American professional golfer * May 4 – Andrea Torres, Filipino actress * May 5 ** Matteo Ciacci, Sammarinese politician; former List of captains regent of San Marino, Captain Regent of San Marino ** Lee Kang-won, South Korean male volleyball player ** Hannah Davis (model), Hannah Davis, American model * May 6 – Moses Storm, American writer and comedian * May 7 – Jonathan Zlotnik, Massachusetts House of Representatives * May 8 ** Marcel Keller Gil, Portuguese male indoor volleyball player ** Anastasia Fesikova, Russian swimmer ** Kemba Walker, American basketball player * May 9 – John McEntee (political aide), American political advisor * May 10 ** Brandun DeShay, American rapper and record producer ** Maxine Medina, Filipino actress and model ** Lauren Potter, American actress * May 11 ** Marcus Mepstead, British Olympic foil fencer ** Taylor Fletcher, American Nordic combined skier * May 12 ** Florent Amodio, French figure skater ** Etika, YouTube personality (d. 2019) * May 14 – Sasha Spielberg, American musician * May 15 – Lee Jong-hyun, Korean singer * May 16 ** Deniz Akdeniz, Australian actor ** Thomas Brodie-Sangster, British actor ** Marc John Jefferies, American actor * May 17 ** Will Clyburn, American basketball player ** Ross Butler (actor), Ross Butler, American actor ** Leven Rambin, American actress * May 18 ** Heo Ga-yoon, South Korean singer and actress ** Luke Kleintank, American actor ** Yuya Osako, Japanese footballer * May 20 – Josh O'Connor, English actor * May 22 – Lance Serrano, Filipino actor, commercial model and gym instructor * May 24 ** Félix Moati, French actor, film director and screenwriter ** Joey Logano, American race car driver ** Yuya Matsushita, Japanese singer, dancer, and actor * May 25 ** Ryan Sherriff, American professional baseball pitcher ** Jarred Cosart, American former professional baseball pitcher * May 26 ** Eric Griffin (basketball), Eric Griffin, American basketball player ** Umar Akmal, Pakistani cricketer * May 27 ** Chris Colfer, American actor ** Leo Deluglio, Argentine actor and singer * May 28 ** Jonas Hector, German footballer ** Kanya Kounvongsa, Laotian footballer ** Kyle Walker, English footballer * May 29 – Davit Gharibyan, Armenian model, actor, director, host and publisher * May 30 ** Dean Collins (actor), Dean Collins, American actor ** Josef Šural, Czech footballer (d. 2019) ** Yoona, Korean singer and actress * May 31 ** Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois, Canadian politician ** Phillipa Soo, American actress and singer


June

* June 2 ** Kristiina Brask, Finnish pop singer ** Jack Lowden, Scottish actor * June 4 – Evan Spiegel, co-founder and CEO of Snap Inc. * June 5 – Junior Hoilett, Canadian soccer player * June 6 ** Karma (archer), Karma, Bhutanese archer ** Raisa Andriana, Indonesian singer ** Ryan Higa, American comedian, YouTuber and actor * June 7 ** Iggy Azalea, Australian recording artist ** Allison Schmitt, American swimmer * June 9 ** Antonella Alonso, Venezuelan pornographic actress ** Matthias Mayer, Austrian Olympic alpine skier ** Lauren Socha, English actress * June 10 – Niamh Perry, Irish actress and singer * June 11 – Christophe Lemaitre, French sprinter * June 12 ** Jrue Holiday, American basketball player ** KevJumba, American YouTuber * June 13 – Aaron Taylor-Johnson, English actor ** Tom Ackerley, British film producer * June 16 – John Newman (singer), John Newman, English singer * June 17 ** Alan Dzagoev, Russian footballer ** Jordan Henderson, English international footballer * June 18 ** Jeremy Irvine, English actor ** Sandra Izbașa, Romanian gymnast and Olympic gold medalist ** Christian Taylor (athlete), Christian Taylor, American triple jumper * June 20 – Ding Ning, Chinese table tennis player * June 21 ** Ričardas Berankis, Lithuanian tennis player ** Jake Brook aka Lunar C, British actor, writer and rapper ** Nicolás Maduro Guerra, Venezuelan politician ** Sergei Matsenko, Russian chess player ** Knowledge Musona, Zimbabwean footballer ** Håvard Nordtveit, Norwegian football player * June 22 – Kei Inoo, Japanese singer and actor * June 23 ** Lim Ji-yeon, South Korean actress ** Vasek Pospisil, Canadian tennis player * June 25 – Andi Eigenmann, Filipina actress and model * June 26 – Filip Novák (footballer), Filip Novák, Czech football player * June 27 – Angelia Ong, Filipino–Chinese model * June 28 ** Jasmine Richards, Canadian actress ** Malhar Thakar, Indian actor * June 29 ** Harish Kalyan, Indian actor ** Subaru Kimura, German-Japanese voice actor ** Sayuri Sugawara, Japanese singer * June 30 ** Jaka Blažič, Slovenian basketball player ** Bryan Nickson Lomas, Malaysian diver ** N (singer), N, South Korean singer and actor


July

* July 1 – Dan Mayo, Israeli drummer, composer. and educator * July 2 ** Grey Henson, American actor, dancer, and singer ** Kayla Harrison, American judoka ** Roman Lob, German recording artist ** Margot Robbie, Australian actress ** Danny Rose (footballer, born 1990), Danny Rose, English footballer * July 4 ** Melissa Barrera, Mexican actress and singer ** David Kross, German actor * July 5 ** Nikki Patel, English actress ** David Manoyan, Armenian football player ** Arron Villaflor, Filipino actor and dancer * July 6 ** Jeremy Suarez, American actor ** Jurijus Veklenko, Lithuanian singer-songwriter * July 7 – Amadeus Serafini, American actor * July 8 ** Randy Brown (fighter), Randy Brown, American-Jamaican mixed martial artist ** Kevin Trapp, German footballer * July 9 ** Carla Baratta, Venezuelan actress and model **Fábio (footballer, born 1990), Fábio, Brazilian footballer ** Sosuke Ikematsu, Japanese actor ** Rafael (footballer, born 1990), Rafael, Brazilian footballer ** Sung Joon, South Korean actor and model * July 10 ** Mike LiPetri, American politician ** Portia Clark, Zambian pop singer, songwriter, and philanthropist ** Elliot Knight, British actor ** Sung Joon, South Korean actor and model * July 11 ** Dan Colman, American professional poker player ** Feroze Khan, Pakistani actor and model ** Connor Paolo, American actor ** Patrick Peterson, American football player ** Kelsey Sanders, American actress ** Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player * July 12 – Rachel Brosnahan, American actress * July 13 ** Emmanuel Palomares, Venezuelan-Mexican actor and model ** Jonathan Mensah, Ghanaian footballer * July 14 ** Izwan Mahbud, Singaporean footballer ** Ian Nepomniachtchi, Russian chess grandmaster * July 15 ** Alexander Calvert, Canadian actor ** Tyler Honeycutt, American basketball player (d. 2018) ** Damian Lillard, American basketball player * July 16 ** James Maslow, American actor and singer ** Wizkid, Nigerian singer-songwriter * July 17 – Jonty Usborne, British radio engineer * July 18 ** Canelo Álvarez, Saúl Álvarez, Mexican boxer ** Anders Konradsen, Norwegian footballer * July 19 ** Armond Rizzo, American gay pornographic actor ** Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor ** Darlington Nagbe, Liberian-American soccer player * July 20 – Dominic Roque, Filipino actor and model * July 21 ** Satyajeet Dubey, Indian actor ** Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete ** Fabrice N'Sakala, Congolese-democratic footballer ** Erislandy Savón, Cuban boxer * July 23 – Kevin Reynolds (figure skater), Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater * July 24 ** Daveigh Chase, American actress ** Jay McGuiness, British singer * July 25 – Mubarak Wakaso, Ghanaian footballer * July 26 – Try Guys, Zach Kornfeld, American Internet personality * July 27 ** Victoria Aveyard, American writer ** Indiana Evans, Australian actress ** Kriti Sanon, Indian actress ** David Storl, German track and field athlete * July 28 – Soulja Boy, American rapper * July 29 ** Munro Chambers, Canadian actor ** Joey Essex, English television personality ** Matt Prokop, American actor ** Anna Selezneva, Russian model ** Oleg Shatov, Russian footballer ** Shin Se-kyung, Korean actor * July 31 – Ido Levy, Israeli footballer


August

* August 1 ** Elton Jantjies, South African rugby player ** Jack O'Connell (actor), Jack O'Connell, English actor * August 2 – Eddie Generazio, American author and musician * August 5 – Álex Rodríguez (Panamanian footballer), Álex Rodríguez, Panamanian footballer * August 6 – Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson, Icelandic footballer * August 7 ** Tom Beugelsdijk, Dutch footballer ** Helen Flanagan, English actress ** Tate Forcier, American football quarterback * August 8 ** Vladimír Darida, Czech footballer ** Abel Hernández, Uruguayan footballer ** Tommy Bracco, American actor, reality television star and Broadway performer ** Oti Mabuse, South African dancer ** Aleksandra Szwed, Polish actress ** Kane Williamson, New Zealand cricketer * August 9 ** Brandon Barkhuizen, South African football (soccer) player ** Adelaide Kane, Australian actress ** Bill Skarsgård, Swedish actor ** Emily Tennant, Canadian actress * August 10 ** Lucas Till, American actor ** Will Brittain, American actor * August 12 ** Enzo Pineda, Filipino actor ** Mario Balotelli, Italian footballer ** Wissam Ben Yedder, French footballer * August 13 ** Shila Amzah, Malaysian singer-songwriter ** DeMarcus Cousins, American basketball player * August 15 ** Jennifer Lawrence, American actress ** Nyusha, Russian singer * August 17 – Rachel Hurd-Wood, British actress * August 18 – Stacy (singer), Stacy, Malaysian singer * August 20 ** Omar El Kaddouri, Belgian-Moroccan footballer ** Bradley Klahn, American tennis player ** Ranomi Kromowidjojo, Dutch swimmer * August 21 ** Theyazin bin Haitham, Crown Prince of Oman ** Bo Burnham, American comedian * August 22 – Adam Thielen, American football player * August 23 – Mike Yastrzemski, American baseball player * August 24 ** Elizabeth Debicki, Australian actress ** Aloysius Pang, Singaporean actor (d. 2019) * August 25 ** Aras Bulut İynemli, Turkish actor ** Salif Sané, French-Senegalese footballer * August 27 ** Tori Bowie, American athlete ** Luuk de Jong, Dutch footballer ** AJR (band), Adam Metzger, American musician, member of AJR ** Taylor Mitchell, Canadian singer (d. 2009) * August 28 ** Katie Findlay, Canadian actress ** Bojan Krkić, Spanish footballer * August 29 ** Patrick van Aanholt, Dutch footballer ** Nicole Gale Anderson, American actress * August 30 – Andreas Kristler, Austrian ice hockey player


September

* September 1 ** Brandon Woodard, American politician ** Yakup Şener, Turkish amateur boxer * September 2 ** Merritt Patterson, Canadian actress ** Marcus Ericsson, Swedish racing driver * September 3 ** Abbas Ali (footballer), Abbas Ali, Pakistani footballer ** Bianca Bin, Brazilian actress * September 4 ** Olha Kharlan, Ukrainian fencer ** Danny Worsnop, British musician * September 5 – Yuna Kim, South Korean figure skater * September 6 ** Matt McAndrew, American singer-songwriter ** John Wall (basketball), John Wall, American basketball player * September 8 ** Matt Barkley, American football player ** Dianne Doan, Canadian actress ** Ella Rae Peck, American actress * September 9 ** Melody Klaver, Dutch actress ** Klaudia Tiitsmaa, Estonian actress * September 10 ** Eddy Martin, American actor ** Chandler Massey, American actor * September 13 ** Jamie Anderson (snowboarder), Jamie Anderson, American snowboarder ** Luciano Narsingh, Dutch footballer * September 14 – Douglas Costa, Brazilian footballer * September 15 ** Aaron Mooy, Australian footballer ** Matt Shively, American actor * September 17 – Kamil Gradek, Polish racing cyclist * September 19 ** Mário Fernandes (footballer), Mário Fernandes, Brazilian-Russian footballer ** Saki Fukuda, Japanese actress ** Kieran Trippier, English footballer * September 20 ** Erich Gonzales, Filipina actor and dancer ** Phillip Phillips, American singer ** John Tavares (ice hockey), John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player * September 21 ** Cory Wade Hindorff, American model, actor, singer, songwriter and Gay activist and spokesperson ** Laurent Alvarez, Swiss figure skater ** Ivan Dorschner, Filipino actor and host ** Allison Scagliotti, American actress, musician, and director ** Christian Serratos, American actress * September 23 ** Marigona Dragusha, Kosovan model ** Agustín Sierra, Argentine actor ** Çağatay Ulusoy, Turkish actor and model * September 25 ** Mao Asada, Japanese figure skater ** Edie Campbell, English model * September 26 ** Walid Riachy, Lebanese actor and model * September 27 ** Dion Lewis, American football player ** Mitski, Japanese-American singer-songwriter * September 28 – Kirsten Prout, Canadian actress * September 29 – Doug Brochu, American actor, comedian and voice actor * September 30 ** Shane Strickland, American professional wrestler ** Dominique Aegerter, Swiss Grand prix motorcycle racer


October

* October 1 ** Hazal Kaya, Tukish actress ** Anthony Lopes, French-Portuguese footballer * October 2 – Samantha Barks, Manx singer and actress * October 3 ** Michele Morrone, Italian actor, model and singer ** Johan Le Bon, French cyclist ** Rhian Ramos, Filipino actress * October 4 ** Saki (musician), Saki, Japanese guitarist and songwriter ** Sergey Shubenkov, Russian hurdler * October 5 ** Wesley Morgan (actor), American Actor * October 6 ** Jordan Hamilton (basketball), Jordan Hamilton, American basketball player ** Hotaru Yamaguchi, Japanese footballer * October 7 ** Sebastián Coates, Uruguayan footballer ** Ayla Kell, American actress ** Thunder (singer), Thunder, South Korean pop singer * October 11 – Sebastian Rode, German footballer * October 12 ** Brock Coyle, American football player ** Melody (Spanish singer), Melody, Spanish singer * October 13 ** Pooja Hegde, Indian actress ** Bailey Noble, American actress * October 15 – Jeon Ji-yoon, South Korean rapper, songwriter, and actress * October 16 ** Sam Bennett (cyclist), Sam Bennett, Irish cyclist ** Jóhanna Guðrún Jónsdóttir, Icelandic singer ** Tim Nedow, Canadian track and field athlete * October 18 ** Óscar Opazo, Chilean footballer ** Carly Schroeder, American actress * October 19 ** Samantha Munro, American actress ** Samuel Nascimento, Brazilian actor, singer, and dancer ** Ciara Renée, American actress * October 20 – Galadriel Stineman, American actress * October 21 – Ricky Rubio, Spanish basketball player * October 22 ** Ashley Fiolek, American motocross racer ** Jonathan Lipnicki, American actor and producer * October 23 ** Paradise Oskar, Finnish singer-songwriter ** Stevie Brock, American actor ** Dalmar Abuzeid, American Actor * October 24 ** Kirby Bliss Blanton, American actress ** İlkay Gündoğan, German footballer * October 25 ** Sara Chafak, Finnish beauty pageant ** Niall Donohue, Irish hurler (d. 2013) ** Austin Peralta, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2012) ** Ryan Preece, American racing driver * October 27 – Jóhann Berg Guðmundsson, Icelandic footballer * October 28 – Youssef Msakni, Tunisian footballer * October 29 ** Ender Inciarte, Venezuelan baseball player ** Amarna Miller, Spanish porn actress ** Eric Saade, Swedish pop singer ** Carlson Young, American actress * October 30 – Jorge López (actor), Jorge López, Chilean actor * October 31 ** JID, American rapper ** Emiliano Sala, Argentine footballer (d. 2019)


November

* November 2 ** Kévin Tillie, French volleyball player ** Kendall Schmidt, American actor, singer, and guitarist * November 3 ** Ellyse Perry, Australian cricketer ** Polo Morín, Mexican actor and model * November 4 – Jean-Luc Bilodeau, Canadian actor * November 6 ** Dorothea Barth Jörgensen, Swedish model ** Kris Wu, Kris, Chinese Rapper and former member of Exo (group), EXO ** André Schürrle, German footballer * November 7 ** Joy Burke, Taiwanese basketball player ** Matt Corby, Australian singer ** David de Gea, Spanish footballer ** Marisa Siketa, Australian actress * November 8 – SZA, American R&B singer * November 10 ** Vanessa Ferrari, Italian gymnast ** Aron Jóhannsson, American soccer player ** Leo (singer), Leo, South Korean singer-songwriter * November 11 ** Tom Dumoulin, Dutch road bicycle racer ** Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer * November 12 – Florent Manaudou, French swimmer * November 13 – Kathleen Herles, American voice actress * November 14 ** Roman Bürki, Swiss footballer ** Jessica Jacobs, Australian actress and singer (d. 2008) * November 15 – Kanata Hongō, Japanese actor * November 17 – Shanica Knowles, American actress and singer * November 20 – Zack Martin, American football player * November 22 ** Jang Dong-woo, South Korean singer and dancer ** Seo Eunkwang, South Korean singer * November 23 ** Eddy Kim, Korean singer ** Nick Williams (wide receiver), Nick Williams, American football player * November 24 – Sarah Hyland, American actress * November 26 ** Rita Ora, English singer ** Danny Welbeck, English footballer * November 27 ** Blackbear (musician), Blackbear, American hip hop musician, singer, composer, and record producer ** Josh James (singer), Josh James, British singer * November 28 ** Sena Acolatse, American professional ice hockey player ** Dedryck Boyata, Belgian footballer * November 29 ** Diego Boneta, Mexican actor and singer-songwriter ** Lee Min-hyuk (rapper, born 1990), Lee Min-hyuk, South Korean singer ** Sheldon Richardson, American football player * November 30 – Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess grandmaster


December

* December 1 – Chanel Iman, American model * December 2 ** Abra (rapper), Abra, Filipino hip hop artist and occasional actor ** Jamille Matt, Jamaican footballer ** Hikaru Yaotome, Japanese idol * December 3 ** Christian Benteke, Congolese-Belgian footballer ** Sharon Fichman, Canadian-Israeli tennis player ** Fausto Rossi (footballer), Fausto Rossi, Italian footballer * December 6 – Elizabeth Bruenig, American journalist * December 8 ** Miguel Ángel Mayé, Equatoguinean football defender ** Dana Terrace, animator; creator of ''The Owl House'' * December 10 – Shoya Tomizawa, Japanese motorcycle rider (d. 2010) * December 11 ** He Zi, Chinese diver ** Adrienne Murphy, Irish model * December 12 – Seungri, South Korean singer * December 13 ** Corey Anderson (cricketer), Corey Anderson, New Zealand cricketer ** Anton Hysén, Swedish footballer * December 16 – Aziz Behich, Australian footballer * December 17 ** Graham Rogers (actor), Graham Rogers, American actor ** Folashade Abugan, Nigerian sprinter * December 18 ** Alexandr Jurečka, Czech judoka (d. 2015) ** Lara Scandar, Egyptian singer * December 20 ** Denis Cheryshev, Russian footballer ** JoJo (singer), JoJo, American singer and actress * December 22 – Jean-Baptiste Maunier, French actor * December 23 – Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, American actress and singer * December 24 – Marcus Jordan, American college basketball player * December 26 **Jon Bellion, American singer ** Andy Biersack, American singer-songwriter ** Aaron Ramsey, Welsh footballer * December 27 – Milos Raonic, Canadian tennis player * December 28 ** Marcos Alonso (footballer, born 1990), Marcos Alonso, Spanish footballer ** David Archuleta, American singer and pianist * December 29 – Sofiane Hanni, French-Algerian footballer * December 30 ** Fénix (wrestler), Fénix, Mexican wrestler ** Joe Root, English cricketer ** Bruno Henrique Pinto, Bruno Henrique, Brazilian footballer * December 31 ** Patrick Chan, Canadian figure skater ** Zhao Jing (swimmer), Zhao Jing, Chinese swimmer


Deaths


January

* January 2 – Alan Hale Jr, American actor (b. 1921) * January 4 ** Alberto Lleras Camargo, Colombian politician, 20th President of Colombia (b. 1906) ** Harold Eugene Edgerton, American electrical engineer (b. 1903) * January 5 – Arthur Kennedy, American actor (b. 1914) * January 6 ** Ian Charleson, British actor (b. 1949) ** Pavel Cherenkov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904) * January 7 – Bronko Nagurski, Canadian-American football player (b. 1908) * January 8 ** Jaime Gil de Biedma, Spanish poet (b. 1929) ** Terry-Thomas, English actor and comedian (b. 1911) * January 9 ** Northern Calloway, American actor (b. 1948) ** Bazilio Olara-Okello, Ugandan military officer and statesman (b. 1929) * January 10 – Lyle R. Wheeler, American art director (b. 1905) * January 14 – Mani Madhava Chakyar, Indian performing artist (b. 1899) *
January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
** Gordon Jackson (actor), Gordon Jackson, British actor (b. 1923) ** William O'Neal (informant), William O'Neal, American FBI informant (b. 1949) * January 17 – Charles Hernu, French politician (b. 1923) * January 18 - Melanie Appleby, British musician (b. 1966) * January 19 ** Arthur Goldberg, American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court (b. 1908) ** Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Indian mystic (b. 1931) ** Herbert Wehner, German Social Democratic politician (b. 1906) *
January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...
** Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, 30th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1887) ** Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (b. 1907) *
January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
** Mariano Rumor, Italian politician, 39th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1915) ** Roman Vishniac, Russian-American photographer (b. 1897) * January 23 – Allen Collins, American musician (b. 1952) * January 24 ** Madge Bellamy, American actress (b. 1899) ** Araken Patusca, Brazilian footballer (b. 1905) *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
** Dámaso Alonso, Spanish poet (b. 1898) ** Ava Gardner, American actress (b. 1922) * January 26 – Lewis Mumford, American historian of science (b. 1895)


February

*
February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...
** Paul Ariste, Estonian linguist (b. 1905) ** Mel Lewis, American jazz musician (b. 1929) *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
– Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (b. 1913) * February 8 – Del Shannon, American musician and singer (b. 1934) *
February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
** José Luis Panizo, Spanish footballer (b. 1922) ** Jean Wallace, American actress (b. 1923) *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
** Henry Brandon (actor), Henry Brandon, German-American actor (b. 1912) ** Ulf Johansson (actor), Ulf Johansson, Swedish actor (b. 1922) * February 16 – Keith Haring, American pop artist (b. 1958) * February 17 – Erik Rhodes (actor, born 1906), Erik Rhodes, American actor (b. 1906) * February 19 ** Otto E. Neugebauer, Austrian-born American mathematician and historian of science (b. 1899) ** Michael Powell, British director (b. 1905) * February 23 ** José Napoleón Duarte, Salvadoran politician, 39th President of El Salvador (b. 1925) ** James M. Gavin, American general (b. 1907) * February 24 ** Malcolm Forbes, American publisher (b. 1919) ** Sandro Pertini, Italian Socialist politician, 7th President of Italy (b. 1896) ** Johnnie Ray, American singer (b. 1927) *
February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
– Les Ames, British cricketer (b. 1905) *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
- Greville Wynne, British spy and courier (b. 1919)


March

* March 5 – Gary Merrill, American actor (b. 1915) * March 6 – H. George Decancq, American engineer * March 12 – Philippe Soupault, French poet (b. 1897) * March 13 ** Bruno Bettelheim, American child psychologist (b. 1903) ** Karl Münchinger, German conductor (b. 1915) ** Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham, British politician (b. 1906) * March 15 – Tom Harmon, American football player and broadcaster (b. 1919) * March 17 ** Capucine, French actress and fashion model (b. 1928) ** Ric Grech, British musician (b. 1946) * March 19 – Andrew Wood (singer), Andrew Wood, American musician (b. 1966) * March 20 – Lev Yashin, Russian footballer (b. 1929) * March 22 – Gerald Bull, Canadian scientist (b. 1928)


April

* April 2 – Aldo Fabrizi, Italian actor (b. 1905) * April 3 – Sarah Vaughan, American jazz vocalist (b. 1924) * April 6 ** James MacNabb, British Olympic rower (b. 1901) ** Alfred Sohn-Rethel, German economist and philosopher (b. 1899) * April 7 – Ronald Evans (astronaut), Ronald Evans, American astronaut (b. 1933) * April 8 – Ryan White, American AIDS activist (b. 1971) * April 10 – Fortune Gordien, American Olympic athlete (b. 1922) * April 13 – Luis Trenker, South Tyrolean film producer, director, writer, actor, and architect (b. 1892) * April 14 ** Ahmed Balafrej, Moroccan politician, Foreign Minister and 2nd Prime Minister of Morocco (b. 1908) ** Sabicas, Spanish guitarist (b. 1912) * April 15 – Greta Garbo, Swedish-American actress (b. 1905) * April 17 – Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights activist (b. 1926) * April 18 ** Gory Guerrero, American wrestler (b. 1921) ** Frédéric Rossif, French film and television director (b. 1922) ** Robert D. Webb, American film director (b. 1903) * April 19 – Marco Aurelio Robles, Panamanian politician, 20th President of Panama (b. 1905) * April 20 – Horst Sindermann, East German politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic (
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
) (b. 1915) * April 21 – Erté, French Art Deco artist (b. 1892) * April 22 – Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928) * April 23 – Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1910) * April 25 – Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1923)


May

* May 3 – Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow (b. 1910) * May 5 – Walter Bruch, German electrical engineer (b. 1908) * May 6 – Charles Farrell, American actor (b. 1900) * May 7 – Prince Andrew of Yugoslavia (b. 1929) * May 8 ** Luigi Nono, Italian composer (b. 1924) ** Tomás Ó Fiaich, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1923) * May 10 ** Susan Oliver, American actress (b. 1932) ** Walker Percy, American writer (b. 1916) * May 12 – Andrei Kirilenko (politician), Andrei Kirilenko, Soviet politician (b. 1906) * May 16 ** Sammy Davis Jr., American actor, dancer, and singer (b. 1925) ** Jim Henson, Muppets creator, American puppeteer, and filmmaker (b. 1936) * May 18 – Jill Ireland, English actress (b. 1936) * May 22 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer (b. 1919) * May 25 – Vic Tayback, American actor (b. 1930) * May 29 – Hussein Onn, Hussein bin Onn, Malay politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Malaysia (b. 1922) * May 31 – Willy Spühler, Swiss politician (b. 1902)


June

* June 1 - Ivan Serov, head of the KGB (b. 1905) * June 1 - Charan Singh (Sant), Maharaj Charan Singh, Fourth Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (b. 1916) * June 2 – Rex Harrison, English actor (b. 1908) * June 3 – Robert Noyce, American businessman and inventor (b. 1927) * June 4 ** Stiv Bators, American singer (b. 1949) ** Jack Gilford, American actor (b. 1908) * June 5 – Vasili Kuznetsov (politician), Vasili Kuznetsov, Soviet politician, provisional head of the State (b. 1901) * June 7 – Alfredo Poveda, Ecuadorean military officer and statesman, interim President of Ecuador (b. 1926) * June 8 – José Figueres Ferrer, Costa Rican politician, 32nd President of Costa Rica (b. 1906) * June 11 – Vaso Čubrilović, Yugoslav politician (b. 1897) * June 12 – Terence O'Neill, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (b. 1914) * June 13 – Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistani stateswoman, First Lady of Pakistan (b. 1905) * June 20 – Ina Balin, American actress (b. 1937) * June 22 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908) * June 24 – Germán Suárez Flamerich, 50th President of Venezuela (b. 1907) * June 29 – Irving Wallace, American writer (b. 1916)


July

* July 1 – Jurriaan Schrofer, Dutch sculptor, designer, and educator (b. 1926) * July 4 – Phil Boggs, American Olympic diver (b. 1949) * July 7 – Cazuza, Brazilian poet, singer and composer (b. 1958) * July 8 – Howard Duff, American actor (b. 1913) * July 15 – Margaret Lockwood, English actress (b. 1916) * July 18 ** Yves Chaland, French cartoonist (b. 1957) ** Yun Posun, South Korean politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) (b. 1897) * July 19 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907) * July 20 – Sergei Parajanov, Georgian-Armenian film director (b. 1924) * July 22 – Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (b. 1932) * July 23 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese television engineer (b. 1899) *July 26 - Brent Mydland, American keyboardist for Grateful Dead, The Grateful Dead (b. 1952) *July 27 - Bobby Day, American rock and roll and R&B musician (b. 1930) * July 29 – Bruno Kreisky, Austrian Social Democratic politician, 17th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911) * July 31 – Fernando Sancho, Spanish actor (b. 1916)


August

* August 1 – Norbert Elias, German Jewish sociologist (b. 1897) * August 6 – Jacques Soustelle, French politician and anthropologist (b. 1912) * August 9 – Joe Mercer, English footballer (b. 1914) * August 12 – Dorothy Mackaill, British-born American actress (b. 1903) * August 15 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian singer, actor, and poet (b. 1962) * August 17 – Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (b. 1918) * August 18 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist (b. 1904) * August 22 ** Luigi Dadaglio, Italian cardinal (b. 1914) ** Boris Shcherbina, Soviet politician, crisis management supervisor of the Chernobyl disaster (b. 1919) * August 23 – David Rose (songwriter), David Rose, British-born American songwriter, composer, and arranger (b. 1910) * August 24 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian author (b. 1941) * August 26 – Mário Pinto de Andrade, Angolan politician and poet (b. 1928) * August 27 ** Luigi Beccali, Italian Olympic athlete (b. 1907) ** Raymond St. Jacques, American actor (b. 1930) ** Stevie Ray Vaughan, American guitarist (b. 1954)


September

* September 1 – Geir Hallgrímsson, Icelandic politician, 16th Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1925) * September 2 – John Bowlby, British psychologist and psychiatrist (b. 1907) * September 4 – Irene Dunne, American actress (b. 1898) * September 6 ** Tom Fogerty, American musician (b. 1941) ** Len Hutton, English cricketer (b. 1916) * September 7 ** Ahti Karjalainen, 28th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1923) ** A. J. P. Taylor, English historian (b. 1906) * September 9 ** Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher (b. 1901) ** Samuel Doe, Liberian military officer and statesman, 21st President of Liberia (b. 1951) * September 19 – Hermes Pan, American choreographer (b. 1910) * September 21 – Xu Xiangqian, Communist military leader in the People's Republic of China, former Defense minister (b. 1901) * September 26 – Alberto Moravia, Italian novelist (b. 1907) * September 30 – Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)


October

* October 1 – Curtis LeMay, United States Air Force general (b. 1906) * October 3 – André Grabar, historian of Romanesque art and the art of the Eastern Roman Empire (b. 1896) * October 4 – Jill Bennett (British actress), Jill Bennett, British actress (b. 1931) * October 5 – Peter Taylor (footballer, born 1928), Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager (b. 1928) * October 7 – Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Rashid bin Said Al-Maktoum, Vice-President and 2nd Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and Emir (Ruler) of Dubai (b. 1912) * October 8 – Juan José Arévalo, Guatemalan politician, 24th President of Guatemala (b. 1904) * October 13 – Lê Đức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911) * October 14 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1918) * October 15 – Delphine Seyrig, French actress (b. 1932) * October 16 – Art Blakey, American jazz musician (b. 1919) * October 20 – Joel McCrea, American actor (b. 1905) * October 21 – Dany Chamoun, Lebanese politician (b. 1934) * October 22 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918) * October 26 ** Lawrence Andreasen, United States Olympic diver, killed in dive from Vincent Thomas Bridge (b. 1945) ** William S. Paley, American media executive (b. 1901) * October 27 ** Xavier Cugat, American band leader (b. 1900) ** Jacques Demy, French film director (b. 1931) ** Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor (b. 1922) * October 29 – William French Smith, 74th United States Attorney General (b. 1917)


November

* November 3 – Mary Martin, American actress and singer (b. 1913) * November 4 – David Stirling, British army officer, founder of the Special Air Service, SAS (b. 1915) * November 5 – Meir Kahane, American rabbi and political figure (b. 1932) * November 7 – Lawrence Durrell, British writer (b. 1912) * November 11 ** Rusty Goodman, American Southern Gospel singer (b. 1933) ** Sadi Irmak, Turkish politician, 17th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1904) ** Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (b. 1909) * November 12 – Eve Arden, American actress (b. 1908) * November 13 – Don Chaffey, British film director (b. 1917) *November 14 – Paula Nenette Pepin, French musician (b. 1908) * November 17 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915) * November 19 – Georgy Flyorov, Soviet nuclear physicist (b. 1913) * November 23 ** Roald Dahl, British novelist, short-story writer, poet, screenwriter, and wartime fighter pilot (b. 1916) ** Nguyễn Văn Tâm, South Vietnamese politician, 4th Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (b. 1893) * November 24 – Dodie Smith, English novelist and playwright (b. 1896) * November 26 – Feng Youlan, Chinese philosopher (b. 1895) * November 27 – David White (actor), David White, American actor (b. 1916)


December

* December 1 ** Sergio Corbucci, Italian film director (b. 1927) ** Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Indian diplomat and politician (b. 1900) * December 2 ** Aaron Copland, American composer (b. 1900) ** Robert Cummings, American actor (b. 1910) * December 4 – Naoto Tajima, Japanese Olympic athlete (b. 1912) * December 6 – Tunku Abdul Rahman, 1st Prime Minister of Malaysia (b. 1903) * December 7 ** Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban writer (b. 1943) ** Joan Bennett, American actress (b. 1910) * December 8 ** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (b. 1915) ** Boris Kochno, Russian poet, dancer, and librettist (b. 1906) ** Martin Ritt, American film director (b. 1914) * December 9 – Mike Mazurki, American actor and wrestler (b. 1909) * December 10 – Armand Hammer, American business tycoon (b. 1898) * December 11 – Concha Piquer, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1908) * December 13 – Alice Marble, American tennis champion (b. 1913) * December 14 – Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (b. 1921) * December 18 – Anne Revere, American actress (b. 1903) * December 23 – Wendell Scott, American race car driver (b. 1921) * December 24 – Thorbjørn Egner, Norwegian author (b. 1912) * December 31 – Vasily Lazarev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall, and Richard E. Taylor, Richard Edward Taylor * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Elias James Corey * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Joseph Murray, E. Donnall Thomas * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Octavio Paz * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace –
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
* Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Harry Markowitz, Merton Miller, William F. Sharpe


Fields Medal

* Vladimir Drinfeld, Vaughan Jones, Shigefumi Mori, Edward Witten


References

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