Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins
MECP2
''MECP2'' (methyl CpG binding protein 2) is a gene that encodes the protein MECP2. MECP2 appears to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells. The protein seems to be particularly important for mature nerve cells, where it is present in ...
,
MBD1
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD1'' gene. The protein encoded by MBD1 binds to methylated sequences in DNA, and thereby influences transcription. It binds to a variety of methylated sequence ...
,
MBD2
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD2'' gene.
Function
DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP ...
,
MBD3
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD3'' gene.
Function
DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins ME ...
, and
MBD4
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD4'' gene.
Structure
Human MBD4 protein has 580 amino acids with a methyl-CpG-binding domain at amino acids 82–147 and a C-terminal DNA glycosylase domain at ...
comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a
methyl-CpG-binding domain
The Methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) in molecular biology binds to DNA that contains one or more symmetrically methylated CpGs. MBD has negligible non-specific affinity for unmethylated DNA. In vitro foot-printing with the chromosomal protein MeC ...
(MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1, and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. The protein encoded by these genes may function as a mediator of the biological consequences of the methylation signal. It is also reported that MBD2 and MBD3 recruit the
NuRD
In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. , Mi-2/NuRD was the only known prot ...
complex to regions of DNA depending on their selective binding of methylated CpG sites. Therefore, MBD2/NuRD and MBD3/NuRD define two distinct protein complexes with different biochemical and functional properties.
Interactions
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
GATAD2B
Transcriptional repressor p66-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GATAD2B'' gene.
Interactions
GATAD2B has been shown to interact with Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2, MBD3, RBBP7
Histone-binding protein RBBP7 is a protein ...
,
* HDAC1
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC1'' gene.
Function
Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. T ...
,
* Histone deacetylase 2
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC2'' gene. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the co ...
,[
* ]MBD3
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MBD3'' gene.
Function
DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins ME ...
* MIZF
Histone H4 transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HINFP'' gene.
Function
HINFP is a protein that binds to a highly conserved DNA motif found in most histone H4 genes. HINFP activates H4 gene expression through i ...
, and
* SIN3A
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SIN3A'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulatory protein. It contains paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domains, which a ...
.
References
Further reading
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Human proteins